Social Institutions

Social
Institutions
22 April 2024 Introduction to Sociology
Contents of the lesson
● Recall on McDonaldization
● Presentation
● Group work on Institutional Traits
● Which do you choose?
● Key Takeaway
Objectives of the lesson
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to

● Explain the concept of institution
● Elaborate the institutional traits
● Analyse the institutional role, the interrelation between the
different institution and institutional autonomy
McDonaldization
What are the characteristics of McDonaldization?
Do you notice any kind of situation that similar to

McDonaldization?
Social
Institutions
01
The
Institutional
Concept
● An Institution is not a buildings where certain activities take place
nor is it a group of people or a large organizations.
● An Institution is an organization of norms to achieve some goal or
activity that people feel is important.
● An Institution is a definite, formal and regular way of doing
something.
Institutions and Associations
Institution– an organized set of beliefs and practices
Association- the group which embodies these beliefs and
practices
church / religion
Institutionalization
Institutionalization is a process intended to regulate societal behaviour
(i.e., supra-individual behaviour) within organizations or entire societies.
At least three actions in the process can be distinguished:
(1) rulemaking or installment,
(2) rule adaptation, or developing best practices, and
(3) rule change, or replacing old rules with new ones.
Keman, Hans. "institutionalization". Encyclopedia Britannica, 12 Oct. 2017,

https://www.britannica.com/topic/institutionalization. Accessed 21 April 2024.
The Development of Social Institutions
Institutions emerge as the largely unplanned products of social living.

People grope for practical ways of meeting their needs; they find some workable
patterns which harden through repetition into standardized customs.
Institutionalization consists of the establishment of definite norms which assign

status positions and role functions in connection with such behaviour.
*how to educate people

*how to raise a children
*how to play a football
*how to judge a theft case
Individual Roles in Institutional Behaviour
An institutionalized role is a set of behaviour expectations that limits expression

of personal eccentricity.
Individual personality differences so affect institutional behaviour to some

degree.
● a teacher is not strict in class discipline but not the other one.
Conflicts that arise within an association are sometimes due to clashes of

personality more often to the clash of institutional role.
*teacher and head/dean of the school
*salesperson and manager
Institutional Traits
Cultural Symbols Codes of Behaviour Ideologies
All institutions require symbols The people involved in a system of ideas which
which serves as a shorthand activities of institutions must be sanction a set of norm
reminder of the institution. prepared to carry out their explain why they should act
National flag (government) appropriate roles. that way and why they fail to
Crescent or star (religion) The roles are expressed in act as they should.
Wedding ring (Family) formal codes, the oath of
school colours or animal toem allegiance to the country , the the ideology of and institution
(Education) marriage vows includes the central beliefs and
Brand name or trademarks A formal code is a part of the an elaboration these beliefs
(Economy) total behaviour that makes up whidchc will explain the rest of
National anthems, school an institutional role. the world in terms acceptable
songs, religious hymns, and Institutional roles can be filled to participants in the
singing commercials most successfully by those who institutions
Buildings have fully earned proper role
attitudes and behaviour.
Family Religion Business Government Education
Cultural
symbols
Code of
behaviour
Ideology
Do you remembers two types of functions we
learnt in Functionalism?
What are these?
3
latent functions of the institution may 1.support the manifest
function, 2.be irrelevant, or 3. may even undermine manifest
function.
Interrelations of Institutions
One cannot understand social institutions unless one studies its
relationships with the rest of the cultures.
Religion, government, business, education, and the family all exist

in a constant state of mutual interaction.
*business condition— no of people who feel able to marry

*marriage and birth rate— demand of goods
*education – acceptance or rejection of religious dogma
Which do you choose?
Institutional Autonomy
As the institutions are intertwined in the society ,

they seek to influence or dominate other
institutions.
the separation of church and state

the preservation of private business enterprise
academic freedom for educational enterprise
Which sociological concept does this chart represent?
The Sun
CEO
Jupiter Neptune
Department head Department head
Saturn Earth Venus Mars

Manager Manager Manager Manager
Moon Mercury Titan Triton Callisto

Employee Employee Employee Employee Employee
Intellectuals and
Bureaucrats
Role of the intellectuals
Role of the bureaucrats
Intellectuals
An intellectual is one who regardless of education or occupation, is devoted to the
analysis of ideas. They always comment on the society and social institutions.
The importance of ideology in sustaining loyalty to institutional norms leads all

institutional leaders to develop minded attitudes of appreciation and fear toward
those who are able to manipulate ideas.
The intellectual is alternately praised and condemned during his lifetime ___ Plato,
Galileo
Authoritarian countries imprison or even execute intellectual critics.

Bureaucracts
● Bureaucracy inevitably develops in all large
organization___ all government, departments, churches,
universities, voluntary associations, and private business
concerns.
● Professional vs bureaucrat—- the bureaucrat looks to the
rules and the policies of the organization for the decisions,
while the professional is guided by the norms of his or her
profession and by opinions of professional colleagues who
may be entirely outside the institutions.
Key Takeaways
● A social institution is a group or organization that has specific roles, norms, and expectations,
which functions to meet the social needs of society. The family, government, religion, education,
and media are all examples of social institutions.
● Social institutions are interdependent and continually interact and influence one another in
everyday society. For example, some religious institutions believe they should have control over
governmental and educational institutions.
● Social institutions can have both manifest and latent functions. Manifest functions are those that
are explicitly stated, while latent functions are not.
● Each social institution plays a vital role in the functioning of society and the lives of the people
that inhabit them.
Thanks!
Do you have any questions?
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, and

includes icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik
Resources
Sociology 5th Edition by Horton, Paul B. and Hunt, Chester L
Keman, Hans. "institutionalization". Encyclopedia Britannica, 12 Oct. 2017,

https://www.britannica.com/topic/institutionalization. Accessed 21 April 2024.

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Social

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to

Do you notice any kind of situation that similar to

Keman, Hans. "institutionalization". Encyclopedia Britannica, 12 Oct. 2017,

Institutions emerge as the largely unplanned products of social living.

Institutionalization consists of the establishment of deﬁnite norms which assign

*how to educate people

An institutionalized role is a set of behaviour expectations that limits expression

Individual personality differences so affect institutional behaviour to some

Conﬂicts that arise within an association are sometimes due to clashes of

Religion, government, business, education, and the family all exist

*business condition— no of people who feel able to marry

As the institutions are intertwined in the society ,

the separation of church and state

Saturn Earth Venus Mars

Moon Mercury Titan Triton Callisto

The importance of ideology in sustaining loyalty to institutional norms leads all

Authoritarian countries imprison or even execute intellectual critics.

CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, and

Keman, Hans. "institutionalization". Encyclopedia Britannica, 12 Oct. 2017,

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