Scribd
Upload
14 views55 pages

Chap 06 LaplaceTransform

Uploaded by

Hammad Asif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views55 pages

Chap 06 LaplaceTransform

Uploaded by

Hammad Asif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 55

CHAP-06: LAPLACE TRANSFORM Dr.

Muhammad Hanif
RECAP: SIGNALS WE KNOW SO FAR
RECAP: SYSTEM
RECAP: SYSTEM
SYSTEM REPRESENTATION
SYSTEM ANALYSIS

In time-domain analysis, y(t) is calculated either by solving the ODEs or from x(t) and
h(t) through “convolution”.

In frequency domain, the Fourier transform of the input signal: x(t)  X(w) is used and
model the system with its frequency response H(w). The output Y(w) is given by Y(w) =
X(w) x H(w), a simple “multiplication”.
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
The operator that transforms the signal in time domain in to a signal in a complex
frequency domain known as ‘S’ domain or s-plane.
Laplace Transform can be viewed as an extension of the Fourier transform to allow
analysis of a broader class of signals and systems (including unstable systems!)
Laplace Transform is a well established mathematical technique for solving differential
equations.
The s-domain is a complex plane, i.e., there are real numbers along the horizontal axis
and imaginary numbers along the vertical axis.
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
Using complex notation, each location is represented by the complex variable, s,
where:
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
Laplace transform study signals in terms of sinusoids and exponentials.
Fourier transform is a subset of the Laplace transform.
Note that the values on the y-axis of the s-plane (sigma = 0) are exactly
equal to the Fourier transform of the time domain signal.
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
Fourier & Laplace Transform:
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
LAPLACE: ROC
The Laplace transform is a function of a general complex variables, and for any
given signal the Laplace transform converges for a range of values of s.
This range is referred to as the Region of Convergence (ROC) and plays an important
role in specifying the Laplace transform associated with a given signal.
In particular, two different signals can have Laplace transforms with identical
algebraic expressions and differing only in the ROC, i.e., in the range of values of s
for which the expression is valid
We will solve the function inside this limit under different conditions in next slide
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
REGION OF CONVERGENCE
Region of Convergence (ROC) is defined as the set of
points in s-plane for which the Laplace transform of a
function x(t) converges.
In other words, the range of Re(s) (i.e., σ) for which the
function X(s) converges is called the region of convergence.
REGION OF CONVERGENCE
ROC of Right-Sided Signals

ROC of Left-Sided Signals


REGION OF CONVERGENCE
LAPLACE: EXAMPLE
LAPLACE: ROC
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
LAPLACE TRANSFORM: LINEARITY
LAPLACE TRANSFORM: LINEARITY
LAPLACE TRANSFORM: TIME SCALING
LAPLACE TRANSFORM: EXPONENTIAL SCALING
LAPLACE TRANSFORM: TIME SHIFT
LAPLACE TRANSFORM: TIME SHIFT

Proof:
LAPLACE TRANSFORM: TIME SHIFT
Example:
LAPLACE TRANSFORM: DERIVATIVE
LAPLACE TRANSFORM: DERIVATIVE
Integral by parts

∫ f(x)·g(x)·dx = f(x) ∫ g(x)·dx - ∫ [(f'(x) ∫ g(x)·dx)·dx] + C


The integration of (First Function x Second Function)
= (First Function) x (Integration of Second Function) -
Integration of (Differentiation of First Function x
Integration of Second Function).
LAPLACE TRANSFORM: DERIVATIVE
LAPLACE TRANSFORM: DERIVATIVE
LAPLACE TRANSFORM: DERIVATIVE
LAPLACE TRANSFORM: DERIVATIVE
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
Laplace transform of some common functions:
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
Poles and Zeros:
The roots of the polynomial in the numerator of F(s) are zeros, and
the roots of the polynomial in the denominator are poles.
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE

You might also like