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Functions

The document discusses writing user defined functions to calculate the check digit for an ISBN-13 number and validate if an ISBN-13 number is valid. It provides details on ISBN-13 format and the check digit calculation formula. The assignment asks to create two functions, one to calculate the check digit and generate a 13 digit number, and another to validate if a given 13 digit number is valid.

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aurangrind63
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10 views

Functions

The document discusses writing user defined functions to calculate the check digit for an ISBN-13 number and validate if an ISBN-13 number is valid. It provides details on ISBN-13 format and the check digit calculation formula. The assignment asks to create two functions, one to calculate the check digit and generate a 13 digit number, and another to validate if a given 13 digit number is valid.

Uploaded by

aurangrind63
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Writing user defined functions

This assignment asks the programmers to write a function to calculate check


bit of ISBN-13.

What is ISBN-13

The ISBN-13 (International Standard Book Number) method is a system for


uniquely identifying books and other published materials. It’s an expansion of
the original ISBN system, which used 10 digits. Here’s how the ISBN-13 method
works:

1. Prefix: The ISBN-13 begins with a three-digit prefix known as the “Book-
land” or “country code.” This prefix identifies the language or geographic
area of the publisher.

2. Group Identifier: Following the prefix, there is a group identifier of


variable length. This identifies the specific publisher or imprint.
3. Title Identifier: The title identifier, also known as the item number,
comes after the group identifier. It specifies the particular edition, format,
or version of the publication.
4. Check Digit: The last digit of the ISBN-13 is a “check digit,” which is
calculated based on the preceding digits. It’s used to detect errors in the
ISBN and ensure its accuracy.

The formula for calculating the check digit is as follows:

• Take each digit of the ISBN-13, starting from the left.


• Multiply the first digit by 1, the second digit by 3, the third digit by 1,
the fourth digit by 3, and so on, alternating between 1 and 3.
• Add up all the products.
• Find the remainder when dividing the sum by 10.
• Subtract the remainder from 10 to get the check digit.

For example:

Let’s consider the ISBN-13 “978-0-306-40615-7”:

1. Sum of products: (9 ∗ 1) + (7 ∗ 3) + (8 ∗ 1) + (0 ∗ 3) + (3 ∗ 1) + (0 ∗ 3) + (6 ∗
1) + (4 ∗ 3) + (0 ∗ 1) + (6 ∗ 3) + (1 ∗ 1) + (5 ∗ 3) = 143.
2. Remainder when divided by 10: 143 % 10 = 3.

1
3. Check digit: 10 - 3 = 7.

So, the complete ISBN-13 is “978-0-306-40615-7”.


The ISBN-13 method improves upon the older ISBN-10 system by providing
more digits for increased capacity and by incorporating a check digit for en-
hanced accuracy. It’s widely used in the publishing industry for cataloging and
identifying books and other printed materials.

Assignment - 1

• Create a function calculateCheckDigit().


• The function should take 1 argument
• The function should check if the number contains 12 digits
• The function should calculate the 13th digit(Check digit) according to the
formula mentioned in the example above.
• The function should append the 13th digit to the end of number passed
as argument.
• Finally the function should return the 13 digit number

Assignment - 2

• Create another function isValidISBN()


• The function should take 1 argument
• The function should check if the number contains 13 digits
• The function should return 1 if the check digit is correct
• otherwise it should return 0

After completing your assignment check whether your code works with the fol-
lowing ISBN

1. 9781108951562
2. 9789812593174

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