Boundary Conditions

Boundary Conditions:
1. Temperature at the Edges:
• The temperature at the edges of the panel can be set to match the ambient temperature
or the temperature of adjacent structures.
• Assuming an ambient temperature of 30°C in Egypt, we can set the temperature at the
edges of the panel to 30°C.
2. Heat Flux:
• Solar irradiance is a significant heat flux affecting PV panels. In Egypt, solar

irradiance is high throughout the day.
• Assuming a typical solar irradiance of 1000 W/m^2.
• We apply this heat flux at the top surface of the panel.
Average Maximum and Minimum Temperatures:
• To calculate the average maximum and minimum temperatures on the panel, we'll use
the following assumptions:
• Maximum temperature occurs at the centre of the panel under maximum solar
irradiance.
• Minimum temperature occurs at the edges of the panel with less solar exposure.
• Let's assume the maximum temperature at the centre of the panel is 60°C and the
minimum temperature at the edges is 40°C.
Now, let's calculate the average maximum and minimum temperatures:
So, the average maximum temperature on the panel is 45°C, and the average minimum
temperature is 35°C.
Surface Boundary Conditions:
Surface-based heat transfer boundary conditions represent either a known physical state,
such as temperature, or an amount of heat entering or leaving the device, such as a heat flux.
Temperature is the only condition that can be applied to openings and wall surfaces. You should
apply the others only to wall surfaces.
A temperature boundary condition should be specified at all inlets when running heat transfer.
A static temperature condition is recommended for most heat transfer analyses. Use total
temperature as an inlet temperature for compressible heat transfer analyses.
Known temperature boundary condition specifies a known value of temperature T0 at the

vertex or at the edge of the model (for example on a liquid-cooled surface). T0 value at the
edge can be specified as a linear function of coordinates. The function parameters can vary
from one edge to another, but have to be adjusted to avoid discontinuities at edges' junction
points.
This boundary condition sometimes is called the boundary condition of the first kind.
Heat flux boundary condition is defined by the following equations:
Fn = -qs - at outward boundaries,
Fn+ - Fn- = -qs - at inner boundaries,
where Fn is a normal component of heat flux density, "+" and "–" superscripts denote quantities
to the left and to the right side of the boundary. For inner boundary qs, denotes the generated
power per unit area, for outward boundary it specifies the known value of the heat flux density
across the boundary. If qs, value is zero, the boundary condition is called homogeneous. The
homogeneous condition at the outward boundary indicates vanishing of the heat flux across the
surface. This type of boundary condition is the natural one, it is defaulted at all outward
boundary parts where no explicit boundary condition is specified. This kind of boundary
condition is used at an outward boundary of the region, which is formed by the symmetry plane
of the problem.
If the surface heat source is to be specified at the plane of problem symmetry and this plane
constitutes the outward boundary of the region, the surface power has to be halved.
This boundary condition sometimes is called the boundary condition of the second kind.
Convection boundary condition can be specified at outward boundary of the region. It

describes convective heat transfer and is defined by the following equation:
Fn = α(T - T0),
where α is a film coefficient, and T0 - temperature of contacting fluid medium.
Parameters α and T0 may differ from part to part of the boundary.
This boundary condition sometimes is called the boundary condition of the third kind.
Radiation boundary condition can be specified at outward boundary of the region. It

describes radiative heat transfer and is defined by the following equation:
Fn = β·kSB·(T4 - T04),
where kSB is a Stephan-Boltsman constant (5.67032·10-8 W/m2/K4), β is an emissivity
coefficient, and T0 - ambient radiation temperature. Parameters β and T0 may differ from part
to part of the boundary.
1) https://quickfield.com/help/QuickField.chm/html/Theory/BoundaryConditionsInHeat
Transfer.htm
2) https://help.autodesk.com/view/SCDSE/2023/ENU/?guid=GUID-D39DB8C7-05C5-
481B-8604-6EB0EF6E69A9
3) https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/
4) https://www.nrel.gov/grid/solar-resource/renewable-resource-data.html
5) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038092X12000755

Boundary Conditions

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Boundary Conditions

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Boundary Conditions

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Boundary Conditions:

1. Temperature at the Edges:

• Solar irradiance is a significant heat flux affecting PV panels. In Egypt, solar

• Assuming a typical solar irradiance of 1000 W/m^2.

• We apply this heat flux at the top surface of the panel.

Average Maximum and Minimum Temperatures:

Known temperature boundary condition specifies a known value of temperature T0 at the

Heat flux boundary condition is defined by the following equations:

Fn = -qs - at outward boundaries,

Fn+ - Fn- = -qs - at inner boundaries,

Convection boundary condition can be specified at outward boundary of the region. It

Radiation boundary condition can be specified at outward boundary of the region. It

You might also like