TY CSE AY-2022-23 Sem-II

Sub: iOS Lab (6CS381)

Assignment No 7 Due date- 12/03/2024

Exercise - Structs, Instances, and Default Values

1. Imagine you are creating an app that will monitor location. Create a GPS struct with two
variable properties, latitude and longitude, both with default values of 0.0.
2. Create a variable instance of GPS called somePlace. It should be initialized without
supplying any arguments. Print out the latitude and longitude of somePlace, which should be
0.0 for both.
3. Change somePlace's latitude to 51.514004, and the longitude to 0.125226, then print the
updated values.
4. Now imagine you are making a social app for sharing your favorite books. Create a Book
struct with four variable properties: title, author, pages, and price. The default values for both
title and author should be an empty string. pages should default to 0, and price should default
to 0.0.
5. Create a variable instance of Book called favoriteBook without supplying any arguments.
Print out the title of favoriteBook. Does it currently reflect the title of your favorite book?
Probably not. Change all four properties of your favoriteBook to reflect your favorite book.
Then, using the properties of favoriteBook, print out facts about the book.
6. Your fitness tracking app wouldn't be much of a fitness tracker if it couldn't help users track
their workouts. In order to track a user's run, you'll need to have some kind of data structure
that can hold information about the workout. For the sake of simplicity, you'll focus specifically
on running workouts.
7. Create a RunningWorkout struct. It should have variables properties for distance, time, and
elevation. All three properties should have default values of 0.0.
8. Create a variable instance of RunningWorkout called firstRun without supplying any
arguments. Print out all three properties of firstRun. This is a good example of when using
default values is appropriate, seeing as all running workouts start with a distance, time, and
elevation change of 0.
9. Now imagine that throughout the course of the run, you go a distance of 2,396 meters in 15.3
minutes, and gain 94 meters of elevation. Update the values of firstRun's properties
accordingly. Print a statement about your run using the values of each property.
Exercise - Memberwise and Custom Initializers
10. If you completed the exercise Structs, Instances, and Default Values, you created a GPS
struct with default values for properties of latitude and longitude. Create your GPS struct again,
but this time do not provide default values. Both properties should be of type Double.
11. Now create a constant instance of GPS called somePlace, and use the memberwise
initializer to set latitude to 51.514004, and longitude to 0.125226. Print the values of
somePlace's properties.
12. In Structs, Instance, and Default Values, you also created a Book struct with properties title,
author, pages, and price. Create this struct again without default values. Give each property the
appropriate type. Declare your favoriteBook instance and pass in the values of your favorite
book using the memberwise initializer. Print a statement about your favorite book using
favoriteBook's properties.
13. Make a Laptop struct with three variable properties, screenSize of type Int, repairCount of
type Int, and yearPurchased of type Int. Give screenSize a default value of 13 and repairCount
a default value of 0, and leave yearPurchased without a default value. Declare two instances of
Laptop, using the two provided memberwise initializers.
14. Make a Height struct with two variable properties, heightInInches and heightInCentimeters.
Both should be of type Double. Create two custom initializers. One initializer will take a
Double argument that represents height in inches. The other initializer will take a Double
argument that represents height in centimeters. Each initializer should take the passed in value
and use it to set the property that corresponds to the unit of measurement passed in. It should
then set the other property by calculating the right value from the passed in value. Hint: 1 inch
= 2.54 centimetres.
Example: If you use the initializer for inches to pass in a height of 65, the initializer should set
heightInInches to 65 and heightInCentimeters to 165.1.
15. Now create a variable instance of Height called someonesHeight. Use the initializer for
inches to set the height to 65. Print out the property for height in centimeters and verify that it
is equal to 165.1. Now create a variable instance of Height called myHeight and initialize it
with your own height. Verify that both heightInInches and heightInCentimeters are accurate.
Users and Distance
16. For most apps you'll need to have a data structure to hold information about a user. Create
a User struct that has properties for basic information about a user. At a minimum, it should
have properties to represent a user's name, age, height, weight, and activity level. You could
do this by having name be a String, age be an Int, height and weight be of type Double, and
activityLevel be an Int that will represent a scoring 1-10 of how active they are. Implement this
now.
17. Create a variable instance of User and call it your name. Use the memberwise initializer to
pass in information about yourself. Then print out a description of your User instance using the
instance's properties.
18. In previous app exercises, you've worked with distance in the fitness tracking app example
as a simple number. However, distance can be represented using a variety of units of
measurement. Create a Distance struct that will represent distance in various units of
measurement. At a minimum, it should have a meters property and a feet property. Create a
custom initializer corresponding to each property (i.e. if you only have the two properties for
meters and feet you will then have two initializers) that will take in a distance in one unit of
measurement and assign the correct value to both units of measurements. Hint: 1 meter =
3.28084 feet
Example:
If you use the initializer for meters and pass in a distance of 1600, the initializer should set
meters to 1600 and feet to 5249.344.
Now create an instance of Distance called mile. Use the initializer for meters to set the distance
to 1600. Print out the property for feet and verify that it is equal to 5249.344.
Now create another instance of Distance and give it some other distance. Ensure that both
properties are set correctly.
Methods
19. A Book struct has been created for you below. Add an instance method on Book called
description that will print out facts about the book. Then create an instance of Book and call
this method on that instance.

struct Book {
var title: String
var author: String
var pages: Int
var price: Double
}
A Post struct has been created for you below, representing a generic social media post. Add a
mutating method on Post called like that will increment likes by one. Then create an instance
of Post and call like () on it. Print out the likes property before and after calling the method to
see whether or not the value was incremented.
struct Post {
var message: String
var likes: Int
var numberOfComments: Int
}
Workout Functions

20. A RunningWorkout struct has been created for you below. Add a method on
RunningWorkout called postWorkoutStats that prints out the details of the run. Then create an
instance of RunningWorkout and call postWorkoutStats ().
struct RunningWorkout {
var distance: Double
var time: Double
var elevation: Double
}
A Steps struct has been created for you below, representing the day's step-tracking data. It has
the goal number of steps for the day and the number of steps taken so far. Create a method on
Steps called takeStep that increments the value of steps by one. Then create an instance of
Steps and call takeStep (). Print the value of the instance's steps property before and after the
method call.
struct Steps {
var steps: Int
var goal: Int
}
Computed Properties and Property Observers
21. The Rectangle struct below has two properties, one for width and one for height. Add a
computed property that computes the area of the rectangle (i.e. width * height). Create an
instance of Rectangle and print the area property.

struct Rectangle {
var width: Int
var height: Int
}
In the Height struct below, height is represented in both inches and centimeters. However, if
heightInInches is changed, heightInCentimeters should also adjust to match it. Add a didSet to
each property that will check if the other property is what it should be, and if not, sets the proper
value. If you set the value of the other property even though it already has the right value, you
will end up with an infinite loop of each property setting the other. Create an instance of Height
and then change one of its properties. Print out the other property to ensure that it was adjusted
accordingly.

struct Height {
var heightInInches: Double
var heightInCentimeters: Double
init (heightInInches: Double) {
 self. heightInInches = heightInInches
self. heightInCentimeters = heightInInches*2.54
}

init (heightInCentimeters: Double) {

self. heightInCentimeters = heightInCentimeters
self. heightInInches = heightInCentimeters/2.54
}
}

Mile Times and Congratulations

22. The RunningWorkout struct below holds information about your users' running workouts.
However, you decide to add information about average mile time. Add a computed property
called averageMileTime that uses distance and time to compute the user's average mile time.
Assume that distance is in meters and 1600 meters is a mile.
Create an instance of RunningWorkout and print the averageMileTime property. Check that it
works properly.

struct RunningWorkout {
var distance: Double
var time: Double
var elevation: Double

}
In other app exercises, you've provided encouraging messages to the user based on how many
steps they've completed. A great place to check whether or not you should display something
to the user is in a property observer. In the Steps struct below, add a willSet to the steps property
that will check if the new value is equal to goal, and if it is, prints a congratulatory message.
Create an instance of Steps where steps are 9999 and goal is 10000, then call takeStep () and
see if your message is printed to the console.

struct Steps {
var steps: Int
var goal: Int
 mutating func takeStep() {
steps += 1
}
}

Type Properties and Methods

23. Imagine you have an app that requires the user to log in. You may have a User struct similar
to that shown below. However, in addition to keeping track of specific user information, you
might want to have a way of knowing who the current logged in user is. Create a currentUser
type property on the User struct below and assign it to a user object representing you. Now you
can access the current user through the User struct. Print out the properties of currentUser.

struct User {
var userName: String
var email: String
var age: Int
}
There are other properties and actions associated with a User struct that might be good
candidates for a type property or method. One might be a method for logging in. Go back and
create a type method called logIn (user:) where user is of type User. In the body of the method,
assign the passed in user to the currentUser property, and print out a statement using the user's
userName saying that the user has logged in. Below, call the logIn (user:) method and pass in
a different User instance than what you assigned to currentUser above. Observe the printout in
the console.
Type Properties and Methods
24. In another exercise, you added a computed property representing the average mile time
from a run. However, you may want to have a calculator of sorts that users can use before their
run to find out what mile time they need to average in order to run a given distance in a given
time. In this case it might be helpful to have a type method on RunningWorkout that can be
accessed without having an instance of RunningWorkout. Add to RunningWorkout a type
method mileTimeFor (distance: time:) where distance and time are both of type Double. This
method should have a return value of type Double. The body of the method should calculate
the average mile time needed to cover the passed in distance in the passed in time. Assume that
distance is in meters and that one mile is 1600 meters. Call the method from outside of the
struct and print the result to ensure that it works properly.
struct RunningWorkout {
var distance: Double
var time: Double
var elevation: Double
}
It may be helpful to have a few type properties on RunningWorkout representing unit
conversions (i.e. meters to mile, feet to meters, etc.). Go back and add a type property for
meterInFeet and assign it 3.28084. Then add a type property for mileInMeters and assign it
1600.0. Print both of these values.

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