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Elec 5 Reviewer

The document discusses different categories of safety violations and traditional approaches to preventing accidents that focus on outcomes and punishments. It also defines key safety terms like error, violation, and safety culture.

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centenotrixianajoy
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11 views4 pages

Elec 5 Reviewer

The document discusses different categories of safety violations and traditional approaches to preventing accidents that focus on outcomes and punishments. It also defines key safety terms like error, violation, and safety culture.

Uploaded by

centenotrixianajoy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A.

3 CATEGORIES OF VIOLATION
 Situational Violations
 Routine Violations
 Organizationally Induced Violations

B. TRADITIONAL APPROACHES TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS


 Focus on outcomes
 Unsafe acts by operational personnel
 Attach blame/punish for failures to perform safely
 Address Identified safety concern exclusively
 Regulatory Compliance

C. WHAT IS SAFETY (DOC 9859)


 Safety is the state in which the risk of harm to persons or property damage is
reduced to, and maintained at or below, an acceptable level through a
continuing process of hazard identification and risk management.

D. LATENT CONDITIONS
 can exist in the system well before a damaging outcome. The consequences
of latent conditions may remain dormant for a long time.
 Initially, these latent conditions are not perceived as harmful, but under
certain conditions may become clear when the operational level defenses are
breached
 People far removed in time and space from the event can create these
conditions. Latent conditions in the system may include those created by the
safety culture; equipment choices or procedural design; conflicting
organizational goals; defective organizational systems; or management
decisions

E. DEFINE ERROR (DOC 9859)


 An action or inaction by an operational person that leads to deviations from
organizational or the operational persons’ intentions or expectations.

F. ?
G. SAFETY CULTURE

 Safety culture is characterized by the safety-related beliefs, values, biases


and their resultant behavior that are shared by members of an organization.

H. WHAT IS SAFETY MANAGEMENT AS DEFINED BY ICAO


 A systematic approach to managing safety, including the necessary
organizational structures, accountability, responsibilities, policies and
procedures.

I. DEFINE VIOLATION
 A deliberate act or omission to deviate from established procedures,
protocols, norms or practices

J. 5 BASIC TRAITS FOR EFFECTIVE SAFETY REPORTING


 Information
 Flexibility
 Learning
 Accountability
 Willingness

K. ?

L. 5 FEATURES OF A POSITIVE SAFTEY CULTURE


A. managers and employees, individually and collectively, want to make
decisions and take actions that promote safety
B. individuals and groups continually critique their behaviors and processes and
welcome the critique of others searching for opportunities to change and
improve as their environment changes;
C. management and staff share a common awareness of the hazards and risks
faced by the organization and its activities, and the need to manage risks
D. individuals act and make decisions according to a common belief that safety
is part of the way they do business
E. individuals act and make decisions according to a common belief that safety
is part of the way they do business
F. individuals trust their colleagues and managers with information about their
experiences, and the reporting of errors and mistakes is encouraged to
improve how things are done in the future

M. KEY WAYS IN WHICH SAFETY MANAGEMENT PROCESS CONSIDER


HUMAN FACTORS / HUMANS IN THE SYSTEM
a. senior management commitment to creating a working environment that
optimizes human performance and encourages personnel to actively
engage in and contribute to the organization’s safety management
processes
b. responsibilities of personnel with respect to safety management are
clarified to ensure common understanding and expectations;
c. personnel are provided with information by the organization that:
1. describes the expected behaviors in respect to the
organizational processes and procedures
2. describes what actions will be taken by the organization in
response to individual behaviors
d. human resourcing levels are monitored and adjusted to ensure there are
enough individuals to meet operational demands
e. policies, processes and procedures are established to encourage safety
reporting
f. safety data and safety information are analyzed to allow consideration of
those risks related to variable

N. EXPALIN THE CONCEPT OF PRACTICAL DRIFT (10 POINTS)


THE CONCEPT OF ACCIDENT CAUSATION
 Organization
o Management policies and decisions
o Laten Conditions
 Workplace
o Working Conditions
o Hazards, threats, unsafe situations
 People
o Errors and Violations
o Active Failures
 Defence
o Regulations
o Training
o Technology

5 POSITIVE SAFETY CULTURE


 Commitment to Safety
 Adaptability
 Awareness
 Information
 Trust

3 EXAMPLE OF PERSONNEL FOR ACTIVE FAILURES


 Pilots
 Air Traffic Controllers
 Aircraft Maintenance

PROGRESS IN AVIATION SAFETY CAN BE DESCRIBED BY FOUR APPROACHES


1. Technical
2. Human Factors
3. Organizational
4. Total System

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