Article 18 Sept Hindi

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;wfuiQkWeZ flfoy dksM&cgl] fLFkfr

ys•d& iQStku eqLriQk (laoS/kfud dkuwu ds


fo'ks"kK)

;g vkys[k lkekU; vè;;u iz'u i=k&II


18 flrEcj] 2019
('kklu O;oLFkk) ls lacaf/r gSA bafM;u ,Dlçsl

¶lqçhe dksVZ dh gkfy;k fVIif.k;ksa us ;wfuiQkWeZ flfoy dksM ij cgl dks okil lqf•Z;ksa esa yk
fn;k gSA bl vkys• esa ge bl lafgrk ds i{k vkSj foi{k esa D;k rdZ gSa ml ij utj MkysaxsA¸

fiNys lIrkg] xksok ds yksxksa ds laifÙk ls lacaf/r ,d ekeys dh lquokbZ djrs gq,] lqçhe dksVZ us xksok dks ;wfuiQkWeZ flfoy
dksM ds lcls csgrj ^mnkgj.k* ds :i esa of.kZr fd;k vkSj ik;k fd lafo/ku ds laLFkkidksa us Hkkjr ds fy, ,d leku ukxfjd
lafgrk dh vk'kk vkSj vis{kk dh Fkh] ysfdu fdlh us Hkh bls rS;kj djus dk ç;kl ugha fd;kA
leku ukxfjd lafgrk D;k gS\
leku ukxfjd lafgrk mls dgrs gS tks iwjs jkT; ds fy, ,d gh dkuwu çnku djs] tks lHkh /kfeZd leqnk;ksa ij muds O;fÙkQxr
ekeyksa esa ykxw gks] tSls fd fookg esa] rykd esa] fojklr ;k laifÙk esa] xksn ysus esa vkfnA lafo/ku dk vuqPNsn 44 ;g crkrk gS fd
jkT; iwjs Hkkjr ds ukxfjdksa ds fy, ,d leku ukxfjd lafgrk dks lqjf{kr djus dk ç;kl djsxkA
vuqPNsn 44 jkT; ds uhfr funs'kd fl¼kar esa ls ,d gSA ;s] ftls vuqPNsn&37 esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gS] U;k;laxr ugha
gSa (fdlh Hkh U;k;ky; }kjk ykxw djus ;ksX; ugha gSa)] ysfdu blds fy, fu/kZfjr fl¼kar 'kklu esa ekSfyd gSaA ekSfyd vf/dkj
U;k;ky; esa ykxw djus ;ksX; gSaA 'kklu ds vk/kjHkwr fl¼karksa esa ls ,d gS ekSfyd vk/kjksa dks dksVZ ds ekè;e ls ykxw djok ldrs
gSA vuqPNsn 44 dgrk gS fd jkT; ç;kl djsxk tcfd nwljs vuqPNsn dgrs gS fo'ks"k rkSj ij ç;kl djsxkA bu lHkh dk rkRi;Z ;g
gqvk fd vuqPNsn 44 dh rqyuk esa jkT; dk dÙkZO; vU; uhfr funs'kd fl¼karksa esa vf/d gSA
vf/d egÙoiw.kZ D;k gSa & ekSfyd vf/dkj ;k uhfr funs'kd fl¼kar\
blesa dksbZ lansg ugha gS fd ekSfyd vf/dkj vf/d egÙoiw.kZ gSaA lqçhe dksVZ us feuokZ feYl (1980) ekeys esa dgk Fkk
fd ¶Hkkjrh; lafo/ku dh LFkkiuk Hkkx III (ekSfyd vf/dkjksa) vkSj IV (uhfr funs'kd fl¼karksa) ds chp larqyu ij vk/kfjr gSA
blfy, fdlh ,d dks nwljs dh rqyuk esa vf/d vf/dkj nsuk lafo/ku ds lkeatL; dks fcxkM+ ldrk gSA¸ gkykafd] 1976 esa 42osa
la'kks/u }kjk 'kkfey fd;k x;kA vuqPNsn 31lh ;g crkrk gS fd ;fn fdlh Hkh uhfr funs'kd fl¼kar dks ykxw djus ds fy, dksbZ dkuwu
cuk;k tkrk gS] rks mls vuqPNsn 14 vkSj 19 ds rgr ekSfyd vf/dkjksa ds mYya?ku ds vk/kj ij pqukSrh ugha nh tk ldrh gSA
D;k Hkkjr ds ikl ukxfjd ekeyksa esa igys ls ,d leku lafgrk ugha gS\
Hkkjrh; dkuwu vf/dka'k ukxfjd ekeyksa esa ,d leku lafgrk dk ikyu djrs gSa & Hkkjrh; vuqca/ vf/fu;e] ukxfjd
çfØ;k lafgrk] eky&foØ; vf/fu;e] laifÙk vf/fu;e dk gLrkarj.k] Hkkxhnkjh vf/fu;e] lk{; vf/fu;e vkfnA gkaykfd] jkT;ksa us
lSdM+ksa la'kks/u fd, gSa vkSj blfy, dqN ekeyksa esa] bu /eZfujis{k ukxfjd dkuwuksa ds rgr Hkh fofo/rk gSA gky gh esa] dbZ jkT;ksa
us ,d leku eksVj okgu vf/fu;e] 2019 }kjk 'kkflr gksus ls budkj dj fn;kA
;fn lafo/ku ds fuekZrkvksa us ;wfuiQkWeZ flfoy dksM ;kuh leku ukxfjd lafgrk j•us dk bjknk fd;k gksrk] rks mUgksaus bl
fo"k; dks la?k lwph esa 'kkfey djds] O;fÙkQxr dkuwuksa ds laca/ esa laln dks vuU; vf/dkj {ks=k çnku fd;k gksrkA ysfdu ^O;fÙkQxr
dkuwuksa* dk mYys• leorhZ lwph esa fd;k x;k gSA fiNys lky] fof/ vk;ksx us fu"d"kZ fudkyk Fkk fd ,d leku ukxfjd lafgrk
u rks laHko gS vkSj u gh okaNuh; gSA
629, Ground Floor, Main Road, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi - 110009 157
Ph. : 011- 27658013, 9868365322
D;k fdlh Hkh /kfeZd leqnk; ds fy, vius lHkh lnL;ksa dks fu;af=kr djus okyk ,d lkekU; O;fÙkQxr dkuwu gS\
jkT; ds lHkh fganw ,d dkuwu }kjk 'kkflr ugha gSa vkSj u gh lHkh eqfLye ;k lHkh bZlkbZ fdlh ,d dkuwu ls 'kkflr gSaA u
dsoy fczfV'k dkuwuh ijaijk,a] ;gka rd fd iqrZxkyh vkSj Úkalhlh Hkh dqN fgLlksa esa lfØ; gSaA
tEew vkSj d'ehj esa 5 vxLr] 2019 rd] LFkkuh; fganw dkuwu dsaæh; vf/fu;eksa ls fHkUu FksA 1937 ds 'kjh;r vf/fu;e
dks dqN lky igys tEew&d'ehj rd foLrkfjr fd;k x;k Fkk ysfdu vc bls fujLr dj fn;k x;k gSA bl çdkj d'ehj ds eqlyeku
,d çFkkxr dkuwu }kjk 'kkflr Fks] tks dbZ ek;uksa esa ckdh ns'kksa esa eqfLye ilZuy ykW ds lkFk fHkUurk ij Fkk vkSj okLro esa] fganw
dkuwu ds djhc FkkA ;gka rd fd eqlyekuksa ds chp fookg ds iathdj.k ij] dkuwu txg&txg ls fHkUu gksrs gSaA ;g tEew vkSj
d'ehj (1981 vf/fu;e) esa vfuok;Z Fkk vkSj caxky] fcgkj (1876 vf/fu;e ds rgr)] vle (1935 vf/fu;e) vkSj vksfM'kk
(1949 vf/fu;e) esa oSdfYid gSA
iwokZsÙkj esa] 200 ls vf/d tutkfr;ka vius Lo;a ds fofo/ çFkkxr dkuwuksa ds lkFk gSaA lafo/ku ukxkySaM esa LFkkuh; jhfr&fjoktksa
dh j{kk djrk gSA blh rjg dh lqj{kk es?kky; vkSj fetksje esa dh tkrh gSA ;gka rd fd fganw dkuwu esa lq/kj] lafgrkdj.k ds ckotwn]
çFkkxr çFkkvksa dh j{kk djrk gSA
,d leku ukxfjd lafgrk dk fopkj /eZ ds ekSfyd vf/dkj ls dSls lacaf/r gS\
vuqPNsn 25 fdlh /eZ ls tqM+s O;fÙkQ ds ekSfyd vf/dkj dh j{kk djrk gS_ vuqPNsn 26 (•) çR;sd /kfeZd laçnk; ;k
mlds fdlh Hkh fgLls dks ^/eZ ds ekeyksa esa vius ekeyksa dk çca/u* djus dk vf/dkj nsrk gS_ vuqPNsn 29 fof'k"V laLÑfr ds
laj{k.k ds vf/dkj dks ifjHkkf"kr djrk gSA vuqPNsn 25 ds rgr fdlh O;fÙkQ dh /eZ dh Lora=krk ^lkoZtfud O;oLFkk] LokLF;]
uSfrdrk* vkSj ekSfyd vf/dkjksa ls lacaf/r vU; çko/kuksa ds v/hu gS] ysfdu vuqPNsn 26 ds rgr ,d lewg dh Lora=krk vU;
ekSfyd vf/dkjksa ds v/hu ugha gSA
lafo/ku lHkk esa] ekSfyd vf/dkj vè;k; esa ;wfuiQkWeZ flfoy dksM 'kkfey djus ds eqís ij erHksn FksA ekeyk ,d oksV
ls r; gqvkA 5% 4 cgqer ls] ljnkj oYyHkHkkbZ iVsy dh vè;{krk esa ekSfyd vf/dkj mi&lfefr us ekuk fd ;g çko/ku ekSfyd
vf/dkjksa ds nk;js ls ckgj Fkk vkSj blfy, ;wfuiQkWeZ flfoy dksM dks /eZ dh Lora=krk ls de egRoiw.kZ cuk;k x;kA
lafo/ku lHkk esa eqfLye lnL;ksa ds ckjs esa D;k fopkj Fkk\
dqN lnL;ksa us jkT; fofu;eu ls eqfLye ilZuy ykW dks lqjf{kr djus dh ekax dhA eksgEen bLekby] ftUgksaus rhu ckj eqfLye
ilZuy ykW dks vuqPNsn 44 ls eqÙkQ djus dk vliQy ç;kl fd;k] us dgk fd ,d /eZfujis{k jkT; dks yksxksa ds O;fÙkQxr dkuwu
esa gLr{ksi ugha djuk pkfg,A ch- iksdj lkgc us dgk fd mUgsa fganw laxBuksa lfgr fofHkUu laxBuksa ds ,d leku ukxfjd lafgrk ds
f•ykiQ çfrfuf/Ro feyk gSA gqlSu beke us loky fd;k fd D;k Hkkjr tSls fofo/ jkT; esa dHkh Hkh O;fÙkQxr dkuwuksa dh ,d:irk
gks ldrh gSA
ch- vkj vEcsMdj us dgk fd ^dksbZ Hkh ljdkj vius çko/kuksa dk bl rjg mi;ksx ugha dj ldrh gS tks eqlyekuksa dks
foæksg djus ds fy, etcwj djsA* vYyknh Ñ".kLokeh] tks ,d leku ukxfjd lafgrk ds i{k esa Fks] us ekuk fd fdlh Hkh leqnk;
ds etcwr fojks/ dks vuns•k djrs gq, ;wfuiQkWeZ flfoy dksM ykxw djuk ukle>h gksxhA bu cglksa esa ySafxd U;k; dk mYys• ugha
fd;k x;k FkkA
fganqvksa ds fy, ,d leku lafgrk ij cgl dSls pyh\
twu 1948 esa] lafo/ku lHkk ds vè;{k] jktsaæ çlkn us tokgjyky usg: dks psrkouh nh fd O;fÙkQxr dkuwu esa ^cqfu;knh
ifjorZu* 'kq: djuk] iwjs fganw /eZ ij ^lw{e vYila[;d* ds ^çxfr'khy fopkjksa* dks ykxw djuk FkkA fganw dkuwu esa lq/kjksa dk fojks/
djus okys vU; yksxksa esa ljnkj iVsy] iêðkfHk lhrkjeSÕ;k] ,e- ,- v;axj] ,e- ,e ekyoh; vkSj dSyk'k ukFk dkVtw 'kkfey FksA
fnlacj 1949 esa tc fganw dksM fcy ij cgl 'kq: gqbZ] rks 28 esa ls 23 oÙkQkvksa us bldk fojks/ fd;kA 15 flracj] 1951
dks] jk"Vªifr jktsUnz çlkn us fo/s;d dks laln esa okil djus ;k bls ohVks djus dh viuh 'kfÙkQ;ksa dk mi;ksx djus dh /edh nhA
vacsMdj dks vkf•jdkj bLrhiQk nsuk iM+kA usg: us lafgrk dks vyx&vyx vf/fu;eksa esa foHkkftr djus ij lgefr O;ÙkQ dh vkSj dbZ
çko/kuksa dks detksj cuk;kA
629, Ground Floor, Main Road, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi - 110009 158
Ph. : 011- 27658013, 9868365322
GS World Vhe---

leku ukxfjd lafgrk gks xbZ gS] blfy;s muds vf/dkjksa vkSj mudh Lora=krk esa fdlh
çdkj dh deh muds O;fÙkQÙo rFkk lekt ds fy;s vfgrdj gSA
D;k gS\
 jktuhfrd ykHk ds dkj.k dbZ ckj ljdkjsa bu /kfeZd eqíksa esa
 lafo/ku ds vuqPNsn 44 esa leku ukxfjd lafgrk dh ppkZ
Ns M + N kM+ ls cprh gS a ] blfy;s ljdkjks a dks Hkh ,s l s ekeyks a
dh xbZ gSA jkT; ds uhfr&funZs'kd rÙo ls lacaf/r bl
dks /kfeZd eqíksa ds ctk; O;fÙkQxr vf/dkjksa dh n`f"V ls
vuqPNsn esa dgk x;k gS fd ^jkT;] Hkkjr ds leLr jkT;{ks=k
ns•uk pkfg;sA
esa ukxfjdksa ds fy, ,d leku ukxfjd lafgrk çkIr djkus
 lokZsPp U;k;ky; }kjk 'kkgckuks ekeys esa fn;s x, fu.kZ; dks
dk ç;kl djsxk*A
rRdkyhu jktho xka/h ljdkj us /kfeZd ncko esa vkdj laln
 ns'k dk çR;sd ukxfjd pkgs og fdlh Hkh /eZ ;k tkfr dk D;ksa u
ds dkuwu ds ekè;e ls iyV fn;k FkkA
gks leku ukxfjd lafgrk esa muds fy, ,d leku dkuwu gksrk gSA
 lokZsPp U;k;ky; us laifÙk ij leku vf/dkj vkSj eafnj ços'k
 leku ukxfjd lafgrk esa 'kknh] rykd rFkk tehu&tk;nkn ds
ds leku vf/dkj tSls U;kf;d fu.kZ;ksa ds ekè;e ls lekt
c¡Vokjs vkfn esa lHkh /eks± ds fy, ,d gh dkuwu ykxw gksrk gSA
esa lerk gsrq mYys•uh; ç;kl fd;k gS blfy;s ljdkj rFkk
vHkh ns'k esa tks fLFkfr gS mlesa lHkh /eks± ds fy, vyx&vyx
U;k;ky; dks leku ukxfjd lafgrk dks ykxw djus ds lexz ,oa
fu;e gSaA
xaHkhj ç;kl djus pkfg;sA
 bl le; ns'k esa dbZ /eZ ds yksx fookg] laifÙk vkSj xksn ysus
foi{k esa rdZ
vkfn esa vius ilZuy ykW dk ikyu djrs gSaA
 leku ukxfjd lafgrk dk eqík fdlh lkekftd ;k O;fÙkQxr
 eqfLye] bZlkbZ vkSj ikjlh leqnk; dk viuk&viuk ilZuy ykW gS
vf/dkjksa ds eqís ls gVdj ,d jktuhfrd eqík cu x;k gS]
tcfd fganw flfoy ykW ds rgr fganw] fl•] tSu vkSj ckS¼ vkrs gSaA
blfy;s tgk¡ ,d vksj dqN jktuhfrd ny bl ekeys ds
i{k esa rdZ
ekè;e ls jktuhfrd rqf"Vdj.k dj jgs gSa] ogha nwljh vksj
 Hkkjrh; lafo/ku dh çLrkouk esa 42osa la'kks/u ds ekè;e ls
dbZ jktuhfrd ny bl eqís ds ekè;e ls /kfeZd èkzqohdj.k
/eZfujis{krk 'kCn dks çfo"V fd;k x;kA blls ;g Li"V gksrk
dk ç;kl dj jgs gSaA
gS fd Hkkjrh; lafo/ku dk mís'; Hkkjr ds leLr ukxfjdksa
 fganw ;k fdlh vkSj /eZ ds ekeyksa esa cnyko ml /eZ ds
ds lkFk /kfeZd vk/kj ij fdlh Hkh HksnHkko dks lekIr
cgqla[;d leFkZu ds cxSj ugha fd;k x;k gS] blfy;s jktuhfrd
djuk gS] ysfdu orZeku le; rd leku ukxfjd lafgrk ds
rFkk U;kf;d çfØ;kvksa ds lkFk gh /kfeZd lewgksa ds Lrj ij
ykxw u gks ikus ds dkj.k Hkkjr esa ,d cM+k oxZ vHkh Hkh
ekufld cnyko dk ç;kl fd;k tkuk vko';d gSA
/kfeZd dkuwuksa dh otg ls vius vf/dkjksa ls oafpr gSA
 lkekfld laLÑfr dh fo'ks"krk dks Hkh ojh;rk nh tkuh pkfg;s
 ewy vf/dkjksa esa fof/ ds 'kklu dh vo/kj.kkvksa ds chp ySafxd
D;ksafd lekt esa fdlh /eZ ds vlarq"V gksus ls v'kkafr dh
vlekurk tSlh dqjhfr;k¡ Hkh O;kIr gSaA
fLFkfr cu ldrh gSA
 fof/ ds 'kklu ds vuqlkj] lHkh ukxfjdksa gsrq ,d leku fof/
vko';drk D;ksa\
gksuh pkfg;s ysfdu Lora=krk ds brus o"kks± ds ckn Hkh tula[;k dk
 vyx&vyx /eks± ds vyx dkuwu ls U;k;ikfydk ij cks>
,d cM+k oxZ vius ewyHkwr vf/dkjksa ds fy;s la?k"kZ dj jgk gSA
iM+rk gSA leku ukxfjd lafgrk ykxw gksus ls bl ijs'kkuh ls
 bl çdkj leku ukxfjd lafgrk dk ykxw u gksuk ,d çdkj ls
futkr feysxh vkSj vnkyrksa esa o"kks± ls yafcr iM+s ekeyksa
fof/ ds 'kklu vkSj lafo/ku dh çLrkouk dk mYya?ku gSA
ds iQSlys tYn gksaxsA
 lkekftd laLÑfr ds lEeku ds uke ij fdlh oxZ dh jktuhfrd  'kknh] rykd] xksn ysuk vkSj tk;nkn ds caVokjs esa lcds fy,
lekurk dk guu djuk lafo/ku ds lkFk&lkFk laLÑfr vkSj lekt ,d tSlk dkuwu gksxk] fiQj pkgs oks fdlh Hkh /eZ dk D;ksa u gksA
ds lkFk Hkh vU;k; gS D;ksafd çR;sd laLÑfr rFkk lH;rk ds orZeku esa gj /eZ ds yksx bu ekeyksa dk fuiVkjk vius ilZuy
ewyHkwr fu;eksa ds rgr efgykvksa vkSj iq#"kksa dks leku vf/dkj ykW ;kuh futh dkuwuksa ds rgr djrs gSaA
çkIr gksrk gS ysfdu le; ds lkFk bu fu;eksa dks xyr rjhds  lHkh ds fy, dkuwu esa ,d lekurk ls ns'k esa ,drk c<+sxh vkSj
ls çLrqr dj vlekurk mRiUu dj nh tkrh gSA ftl ns'k ds ukxfjdksa esa ,drk gksrh gS ogk¡ fdlh çdkj dk
 /kfeZd #f<+;ksa dh otg ls lekt ds fdlh oxZ ds vf/dkjksa dk oSeuL; ugha gksrk gS og ns'k rsth ls fodkl ds iFk ij vkxs c<+xs kA
guu jksdk tkuk pkfg;sA lkFk gh] fof/ ds le{k lerk dh  ns'k esa gj Hkkjrh; ij ,d leku dkuwu ykxw gksus ls ns'k dh
vo/kj.kk ds rgr lHkh ds lkFk lekurk dk O;ogkj djuk pkfg;sA jktuhfr ij Hkh vlj iM+sxk vkSj jktuhfrd ny oksV cSad okyh
 oS'ohdj.k ds okrkoj.k esa efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk lekt esa egÙoiw.kZ jktuhfr ugha dj ldsaxs vkSj oksVksa dk èkzqohdj.k ugha gksxkA

629, Ground Floor, Main Road, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi - 110009 159
Ph. : 011- 27658013, 9868365322
laHkkfor iz'u (izkjafHkd ijh{kk) Expected Questions (Prelims Exams)
a
1- gky gh esa lqizhe dksVZ us ljdkj dks leku ukxfjd 1. Recently the Supreme Court asked the
lafgrk ykxw djus ds laca/ esa fopkj djus dks dgkA government to consider the implementa-
leku ukxfjd lafgrk ds lUnHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa tion of Uniform Civil Code. With refer-
ij fopkj dhft,& ence to the Uniform Civil Code, consider
1- lafo/ku ds vuqPNsn&46 esa leku ukxfjd lafgrk the following statements-
dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA 1. The Uniform Civil Code is mentioned in Ar-
ticle 46 of the Constitution.
2- leku ukxfjd lafgrk jkT; ds uhfr funs'kd fl¼karksa
2. Uniform Civil Code is one of the Directive
esa ls ,d gSA
Principles of State Policy.
3- vuqPNsn& 31(C) esa ;g izko/ku gS fd fdlh Hkh
3. Article 31 (C) provides that any law made to
uhfr funs'kd fl¼kar dks ykxw djus ds fy, dksbZ
implement any Directive Principles cannot
Hkh dkuwu cuk;k tkrk gS] rks mls vuqPNsn&14 vkSj be challenged on the grounds of violation of
19 ds mYya?ku ds vk/kj ij pqukSrh ugha nh tk Articles 14 and 19.
ldrh gSA Which of the above statements are correct?
mi;qZDr esa ls dkSu&ls dFku lR; gSa\ (a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
(a) 1 vkSj 2 (b) 1 vkSj 3 (c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 2 vkSj 3 (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3

laHkkfor iz'u (eq[; ijh{kk)


iz ' u% ^leLr Hkkjr esa leku ukxfjd lafgrk dk ykxw u gksuk] laoS/kfud tfVyrk de] jktuSfrd bPNk'kfÙkQ
dh deh T;knk gSA* gky gh esa lokZsPp U;k;ky; dh leku ukxfjd lafgrk dks ysdj dh xbZ fVIi.kh ds
lanHkZ esa bl dFku dk ijh{k.k dhft,A (250 'kCn)

Q. "Non-implementation of Uniform Civil Code in India has to do less with constitutional


complexity, but more with lack of political will." Examine this statement in the context
of a recent Supreme Court comment on the Uniform Civil Code. (250 Words)

uksV % 17 flarcj dks fn, x, izkjafHkd ijh{kk (laHkkfor iz'u) dk mÙkj 1 (d) gksxkA

629, Ground Floor, Main Road, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi - 110009 160
Ph. : 011- 27658013, 9868365322

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