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Rohininh

The document discusses numerical relays which use digital devices like microprocessors for protection decision making. It provides a block diagram of a numerical relay and describes how voltage and current signals are conditioned and converted to digital form for processing by a microprocessor using numerical relaying algorithms before making a trip decision.

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21 views2 pages

Rohininh

The document discusses numerical relays which use digital devices like microprocessors for protection decision making. It provides a block diagram of a numerical relay and describes how voltage and current signals are conditioned and converted to digital form for processing by a microprocessor using numerical relaying algorithms before making a trip decision.

Uploaded by

vinayaksavant9119
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

4.4 Block diagram of Numerical relays


4.4.1 Numerical Relay
 Numerical is the relay in which the measured AC quantities are
sequentially sampled and converted into numerical data that is
mathematically and/or logically processed to make trip decisions.
 Numerical relay is the latest development in the area of power system protection.
 The design and method of operation these relays are different from the
conventional electromechanical relays.
 Numerical relays are based on numerical devices such as microprocessors,
microcontrollers and digital signal processors etc.
4.4.2 Block diagram of Numerical relay

Figure 4.1 Block diagram of Numerical relay


[Source: “Switchgear and Protection’” by Sunil S.Rao, Page: 830]
]
 A relay using digital device like microprocessor for decision making based on
digital numbers representing instantaneous values of the signals is called
numerical relay, digital relay, microprocessor based relay or computer based
relay.
 The voltage and current signals in the power system are brought down to suitable
level using C.T and P.T.
 The signals from C.T and P.T are given to the antialiasing filters which are low
pass filters. This removes the unwanted frequency components.

EE8602 Protection and Switchgear


ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

 The signals from the signal conditioning circuits are sampled using sample and
hold circuit. With the help of analog multiplexer and ADC, the equivalent digital
form of analog input signal is achieved.
 The analog multiplexer gives the facility to accommodate a larger number of
input signals.
 The digital output of ADC is given to microprocessor where it is stored in the
memory.
 This signal is processed with the help of numerical relaying algorithm and
accordingly trip decision is made.
 The trip signal is digital signal hence converted to analog using digital to analog
converter (DAC).This tripping analog signal is given to the trip coil of a relay.

4.4.3 Characteristics
Compact design and lower cost due to integration of many functions
in to one relay
High availability even with less maintenance due to integral self-monitoring

• No drift (aging) of measuring characteristics due to fully numerical


processing
• High measuring accuracy due to digital filtering and optimized measuring
algorithms
• Many integrated add-on functions, for example, for load monitoring and
event/fault recording
• Local operation keypad and display designed to modern ergonomic
criteria (Menu- driven human interfaces)

EE8602 Protection and Switchgear

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