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Cryptography - DSS

The document discusses two approaches to digital signatures: RSA and DSS. It describes the processes of signing and verifying signatures in each approach. For DSS, it outlines the parameters, key generation, and calculations to sign a message and verify a signature.

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20CS025 Mohanapriya G CSE
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36 views4 pages

Cryptography - DSS

The document discusses two approaches to digital signatures: RSA and DSS. It describes the processes of signing and verifying signatures in each approach. For DSS, it outlines the parameters, key generation, and calculations to sign a message and verify a signature.

Uploaded by

20CS025 Mohanapriya G CSE
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

THE DSS APPROACH


• The DSS uses an algorithm that is designed to provide only the digital signature function.
• Unlike RSA, it cannot be used for encryption or key exchange.
• Nevertheless, it is a public-key technique.
TWO APPROACHES TO DIGITAL SIGNATURES

Reference :William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice, PHI 3rd Edition, 2006

• In the RSA approach, the message to be signed is input to a hash function that produces a
secure hash code of fixed length.
• This hash code is then encrypted using the sender’s private key to form the signature.
• Both the message and the signature are then transmitted.
• The recipient takes the message and produces a hash code.
• The recipient also decrypts the signature using the sender’s public key.
• If the calculated hash code matches the decrypted signature, the signature is accepted as
valid. Because only the sender knows the private key, only the sender could have
produced a valid signature.
• The DSS approach also makes use of a hash function.

CS8792-CRYPTOGRPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY


ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

• The hash code is provided as input to a signature function along with a random number k
generated for this particular signature.
• The signature function also depends on the sender’s private key (PRa) and a set of
parameters known to a group of communicating principals.
• We can consider this set to constitute a global public key (PUG).
• The result is a signature consisting of two components, labeled s and r.
• At the receiving end, the hash code of the incoming message is generated.
• This plus the signature is input to a verification function.
• The verification function also depends on the global public key as well as the sender’s
public key PUa, which is paired with the sender’s private key.
• The output of the verification function is a value that is equal to the signature component
if the signature is valid.
• The signature function is such that only the sender, with knowledge of the private key,
could have produced the valid signature
THE DIGITAL SIGNATURE ALGORITHM

Reference :William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice, PHI 3rd Edition, 2006

THE DIGITAL SIGNATURE ALGORITHM

CS8792-CRYPTOGRPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY


ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

• There are three parameters that are public and can be common to a group of users.
• A 160-bit prime number q is chosen.
• Next, a prime number p is selected with a length between 512 and 1024 bits such that q
divides (p-1).
• Finally, g is chosen to be of the form h(p-1)/q mod p where h is an integer between 1 and
(p-1). with the restriction that must be greater than 12.
• Thus, the global public-key components of DSA have the same for as in the Schnorr
signature scheme.
• With these numbers in hand, each user selects a private key and generates a public
key.The private key x must be a number from 1 to (q-1) and should be chosen randomly
or pseudorandomly. The public key is calculated from the private key as y=gx mod p.
• The calculation of y given x is relatively straightforward. However, given the public key
y, it is believed to be computationally infeasible to determine x, which is the discrete
logarithm of y to the base g, mod p.
THE DIGITAL SIGNATURE ALGORITHM
• To create a signature, a user calculates two quantities, r and s, that are functions of the
public key components (p,q,g), the user’s private key (x), the hash code of the message
H(M), and an additional integer k that should be generated randomly or pseudorandomly
and be unique for each signing.
• At the receiving end, verification is performed using the formulas shown in Figure.
• The receiver generates a quantity v that is a function of the public key components, the
sender’s public key, and the hash code of the incoming message.
• If this quantity matches the r component of the signature, then the signature is validated.
DSS SIGNING AND VERIFYING

CS8792-CRYPTOGRPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY


ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Reference :William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice, PHI 3rd Edition, 2006

CS8792-CRYPTOGRPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY

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