IGCSE Physics Workbook

Answers

●● 1 Measurement and motion

Core 8 a 5 × 10–3 m [1]
1 a kilogram [1] b 5 × 10–1 m [1]
b metre [1] c 5 × 103 m [1]
c second [1] d 5 m [1]
2 a 20 [1] e 5 × 10–6 m [1]
b 4 [1] f 5 × 10–9 m [1]
c 120 [1] 9 a 3 [1]
d 500 [1] b 3 [1]
e 1400 [1] c 2 [1]
3 a 15.00 m [1] d 1 [1]
b 1.50 m [1] e 2 [1]
c 0.15 m [1] f 3 [1]
d 0.015 m [1] 10 a 1 m [1]
4 a 1 × 103 [1] b 1.3 m [1]
b 2.25 × 105 [1] c 1.26 m [1]
c 6.5 × 102 [1] 11 yes [1]
d 1.5 × 10 [1] 4
12 27 cm2 (do not accept 27.0 cm2) [1]
5 a 10 000 [1]
13 600 cm2 [2]
b 250 [1]
14 75 [2]
c 1 500 000 [1]
d 350 000 000 [1] 15 1.6 s [1]

6 a 1 × 10–3 [1] 16 a 0.16 mm [1]

b 2 × 10–2 [1] b 2 g [1]

c 1.2 × 10–3 [1] 17 3 m/s [2]

d 1.02 × 10–2 [1] 18 a B [1]
7 a i 1 × 10–2 [1] b C [1]
ii 0.01 [1] c 5 m/s [2]
b i 2 × 10–3 [1] 19 a i 270 m [1]
ii 0.002 [1] ii no distance [1]
c i 3 × 10–4 [1] iii 270 m [1]
ii 0.0003 [1] b 1.5 m/s [2]
d i 8 × 10 [1] –4 20 a 4 m/s [2]
ii 0.0008 [1] b friction [1]

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 21 C [1] Exam focus
22 0.92 g/cm or 920 kg/m [2]
3 3

23 a 40 cm3 [2]
Core
1 a B [3]
b 270 g [1]
b A [3]
24 a 25 cm3 [1]
2 a i increasing [1]
b 8 × 103 kg/m3 [2]
ii constant [1]
25 39 kg [2]
b i constant [1]
Extended ii zero [1]
26 a 0.8 m/s2 [2] c i increasing [1]
b 4 s [2] ii constant [1]
27 12 m/s [2] d OA [1]
28 a 14 m/s [1]
b 840 m [2]
Extended
3 a C [3]
c 0.2 m/s2 [2]
b 0.06 mm [3]
29 a 3.0 m/s [1]
4 a i increasing [1]
b 0.15 m/s2 [1]
ii constant [1]
c 48 m [2]
b i constant [1]
d 21 m [3]
ii zero [1]
30 a i 20 m/s downwards [1]
c i decreasing [1]
ii 20 m [2]
ii constant [1]
b linear, with slope = 10 m/s2 [2]
d 4.5 km [2]
e AB [1]

●● 2 Forces and momentum

Core 8 a i 25 cm [1]
1 a 13 N [1] ii 10 cm [1]
b 3 N [1] iii 5 cm [1]
2 a 5 N downwards [2] b i 40 cm [1]
b 5 N upwards [2] ii 16 cm [1]

3 force, rest, constant, straight [2] 9 forces, equilibrium, sum, equals, direction,
clockwise, point, moments, no, resultant [5]
4 a 800 N [1]
10 a 3 N [3]
b 800 N [1]
b 3 N [2]
c 500 N [1]
d 800 N [1] 11 Suspend card from one corner and use a plumb
line to draw the vertical line on the card from the
5 a 9000 N [1]
point of suspension; repeat with a different point
b 3600 N [1] of suspension. The centre of gravity is located
6 a 0.15 N [1] where the two lines intersect. [3]
b 0.50 N [1] 12 a u
 ntil the vertical line from its centre of gravity
c 3 N [1] falls outside its base [2]
d 30 N [1] b lower its centre of mass; increase the area of its
7 a 80 kg [1] base [2]

b 128 N [1]

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 Extended 23 a 1 kg m/s [2]
b 1 kg m/s [1]
13 0.75 kg [1]
c 500 N [1]
14 D [1]
15 Scalars have magnitude only, e.g. mass; vectors have Exam focus
magnitude and direction, e.g. force. Direction must
be taken into account when adding vectors. [4] Core
1 a [4], b [2]
16

c 2 × 103 N/m [2]

5 N [3]
17 a i   20 N to right [2]
Extended
2 a 200 N/m [2]
ii 0.4 m/s2 [2]
b 5 N/m [2]
b i 0 N [1]
c i 20 cm [1]
ii 0 m/s2 [1]
ii 1 N [1]
18 60 N [1]
3 a B [1]
19 a Speed is a scalar and has magnitude only; b i towards the centre of the circle [1]
velocity is a vector and has magnitude and
ii c auses acceleration towards the centre of the
direction. [1]
circle [2]
b Tension in the string acts towards the centre
iii f riction between the tyres of the car and the
of the circle, continuously changing the ball’s
road [1]
direction. [1]
iv smaller [1]
c along the tangent to the circle at its lowest
point [1] 4 a 48 N [2]
b 32 N [2]
20 a 15 [1]
5 a 30 000 m/s2 [2]
b 200 [1]
b 30 m/s [2]
21 1 m/s [2]
c follow through longer to extend collision time,
22 a 3 m/s [2] strike harder [2]
b south [1]

●● 3 Energy, work, power and pressure

Core 2 a cannot be used up [1]; two from: solar, wind,
hydroelectric, tidal, geothermal [2]
1 a heat kinetic energy of turbine [1]
b cannot be replaced once used [1]; two from:
b kinetic energy of rotating turbine electrical
coal, oil, gas, nuclear [2]
energy [1]

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 3 a 10 Pa [1] 16 a i 150 J [2]
b 80 Pa [1] ii 150 J [1]
c 400 Pa [1] iii 10 m/s [3]
d 1.0 × 10 Pa [2]
5
b transferred to heat and sound [2]
4 a 40 N [1] 17 1.8 × 105 W [3]
b 20 N [1]
18 3 × 104 Pa [3]
c 2 × 10 N [2]
–3

d 2 × 10–4 N [2] Exam focus

5 B [2]
Core
6 a 2.5 × 105 Pa [2]
1 a i renewable, clean [2]
b i 500 N [2]
ii s un does not always shine, expensive to
ii 500 N [1] manufacture [2]
b i high energy density, readily available [2]
Extended
ii r adiation risks, safe disposal of radioactive
7 60 kJ [2] waste required [2]
8 a 1.8 × 105 J [2] c i renewable, clean [2]
b 12 kW [2] ii w
 ind not always available, environmental
9 a 15 J [2] objections [2]
b 2 cm [3] d i high energy density, readily available [2]
10 a 70% [3] ii n
 on-renewable, release carbon dioxide and
b becomes heat [1] sulfur dioxide into atmosphere [2]
11 a g
 ravitational potential energy kinetic
energy and heat [2]
Extended
2 a 300 N [2]
b electrical energy electromagnetic energy
heat [2] b 900 N [2]
c electrical energy kinetic energy, sound, heat c 300 W [2]
and light [2] 3 a potential energy transferred to kinetic energy
d gravitational potential energy kinetic and heat (resulting from resistive forces) [3]
energy electrical energy and heat [2] b 60 J [2]
12 energy, motion, /2, potential, conserved [3]
2 c i 60 W [1]
13 a 90 [3] ii 8 m/s [2]
b 360 [3] 4 a 27 J [3]
14 a 500 [2] b 0 J [1]
b 1250 [2] c 27 J [1]
d 45 m [2]
15 3 m/s [3]

●● 4 Thermal physics
Core 2 a gas [1]
1 a gas [1] b solid [1]
b solid [1] c liquid [1]
c gas [1] 3 a Fast-moving air molecules collide with the
smoke particles. A smoke particle is much
d liquid [1]
more massive than an air molecule, but when
e solid [1] there are more high-speed molecules striking

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 one side of it than the other at a particular 17 Metal transfers heat faster than plastic away from
instant, a net force results and the smoke the hand, because it is a better conductor. [2]
particle will move in the direction of the force.
18 C [1]
The imbalance and the resulting force cause
the smoke particles to change direction rapidly 19 At the bottom; convection can occur if tank heated
in a random manner. [3] at the bottom so more of the water in the tank
b They will move faster. [1] will be heated. [3]

4 Very large numbers of fast-moving molecules 20 D [1]

rebounding from the walls of the container produce 21 D [1]
a force and hence a pressure on the walls. [2] 22 a B [1]
5 a It increases. [1] b C [1]
b The air molecules move faster and so have
23 long-wavelength infrared [1]
more frequent and more violent collisions
with the walls: the average force on the walls 24 thermal, higher, lower, energy, temperature, fluid,
increases. [3] radiation, electromagnetic [4]
6 B, D [2]
Extended
7 B, C [2] 25 a 400 cm3 [1]
8 When the temperature rises the two metals b 100 cm3 [1]
expand by different amounts; this causes the strip 26 a 1 × 105 Pa [1]
to bend and break the contacts to the heating
b 4 × 105 Pa [1]
circuit. On cooling, the strip straightens and
reconnects the heating circuit. [4] 27 a T
 hey vibrate faster and the separation
increases. [2]
9 a 0 °C [1]
b a gas [1]
b 100 °C [1]
10 a t wo from: expansion of a liquid, thermoelectric 28 16 800 [3]
effect, gas pressure, electrical resistance [2] 29 4200 J/(kg °C) [4]
b it should vary continuously [1]; it should vary 30 a B [1]
in a similar way to other physical properties [1] b A [1]
c thermocouple [1]
31 17 000 J [2]
11 a A [1]
32 21 000 J [2]
b 900 J/°C [1]
33 115 000 J [2]
12 Brick and concrete have a high specific heat
capacity and are used to store energy. [2] 34 153 000 J [2]
13 B [1] 35 340 J/g [2]
14 a T
 he temperature at which the substance 36 a 51 000 J [2]
changes from a solid to a liquid. [2] b 170 W [2]
b The temperature at which the substance
37 2300 J/g [2]
changes from a liquid to a vapour. [2]
38 a F
 aster-moving molecules escape from the
15 a C [1]
surface of the liquid. This results in the
b A [1] average speed, and therefore the average
c E [1] kinetic energy of the remaining molecules
d D [1] being lowered, so that the temperature of the
liquid falls. [4]
16 Wrap paper around a metal/wood rod and pass
b two from: large surface area, high temperature,
it through a flame at the junction of the two
draught/vacuum above liquid [2]
materials a few times. The paper chars where it is
wrapped over the wood but not over the metal. c Evaporation can take place at any temperature
Heat is transferred quickly along the metal which and occurs at the surface of the liquid; boiling
is a good conductor. Wood is a poor conductor of only occurs at the boiling point with bubbles
heat and transfers thermal energy very slowly. [4] forming throughout the liquid. [4]

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 39 B [1] Switch on the heater for a measured time, ; work
40 a A
 [1]. A black surface is a better emitter of out the energy supplied by heater, × . Record
radiation than a shiny one [1]. the temperature of the metal before the heater is
switched on and the highest temperature reached
b i T
 he shiny foil reflects the radiation back into
by the metal just after the heater is switched off;
the room. [1]
work out the temperature rise of the metal, Δ.
ii The white colour reflects radiation. [1] Measure the mass of the metal, . Equate energy
supplied by heater to energy gained by metal,
Exam focus ×ΔHence evaluate specific heat
capacity, Error in value obtained is due to loss
Core of heat to the environment. [8]
1 a t hree from: double-glazed windows, cavity
4 a 16 800 J [2]
walls, fur or fleece jackets, string vests,
fibreglass roof insulation [3] b 340 J [2]
b Transfer of heat by convection is restricted. [1] c 63 J [2]
d 403 J [1]
Extended
e water [1]
2 a i place in pure melting ice [2]
f 42 g [3]
ii p
 lace in the steam above boiling water at
normal atmospheric pressure [2] 5 a Atoms in hot regions pass on their vigorous
vibrations to neighbouring atoms in colder
b 25 °C [1]
regions. Also, in metals, ‘free’ electrons move
c i smaller [1] faster and further in the hot regions and can
ii less [1] transfer that energy to atoms in cooler regions
very quickly. [4]
3 Insert an immersion heater of power into
the centre of a cylinder of metal and place a b There are no ‘free’ electrons available to move
thermometer into another hole in the cylinder. rapidly through the material, transferring
energy. [1]

●● 5 Properties of waves
Core 6 a no change [1]
b halved [1]
1 Vibrations are perpendicular to direction of travel
for transverse wave, in line with direction of c The direction of travel bends towards normal
travel for longitudinal wave. [4] to boundary. [1]

2  7 lines, direction, ray, beam, diverging, narrower,

faster, before [4]
8 a

[1]
[4]
b
3 10 Hz [1]
4 1.2 Hz [2]
5 a 6 cm [1]
b 5 Hz [1]
c 30 cm/s [2] [1]

d 32 s [2]

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 c 12 a 

[1]

9 B [1]
10 a

[2]

b i 55° [1]
ii 55° [1]

[3] iii 35° [1]

iv 35° [1]
b i 40° [1]
c turned through 180° from incident ray [1]
ii 40° [1]
13 a
11

[2]

b i 45° [1]
ii 0° [1]
14 B, C [2]
15 A real image can be formed on a screen and the
light rays pass through the image. [2]
16 a

a [3]
b [3]
c [3] [4]

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 b virtual [1] iv infrared [1]
c same distance behind mirror as the object is in v X-rays [1]
front [1] vi microwaves [1]
17 a 1 m [1] 31 a radio [1]
b 1 m [1] b X-rays [1]
18 Left and right are interchanged in the image, c X-rays [1]
compared with the object. [2] 32 a M
 icrowaves may harm living cells; use hands-
19 11:01 [2] free devices. [3]
b X-rays can kill or damage living cells and cause
20 [2]
cancer; protect by use of lead shielding. [2]

Extended
21 The ray is refracted towards the normal. [2] 33 a 2 × 108 m/s [3]
22 towards, denser, away from, normal, optically, b 2.25 × 108 m/s [3]
normally [3]
34 
23 B [1]
24 a D
 ispersion occurs because the prism has
different refractive indices for different
colours of light. [2]
[2]
b red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo,
violet [3]
c  35 a

[3]
[2]
d blue [1]
e light of one colour (or frequency) [1] b 1.33 [2]
25 When light is incident on a boundary of lesser 36 1.27 [2]
optical density at an angle of incidence greater
37 the one of focal length 5 cm [1]
than a critical angle, all of the light is reflected
inside the denser medium. [3] 38 a longitudinal [1]
b transverse [1]
26 thin, two, parallel, focus, undeviated, centre, top,
F, refracted, principal [5] c transverse [1]
d transverse [1]
27 D [1]
e transverse [1]
28 Use the lens to focus an image of a distant object
f longitudinal [1]
onto a piece of paper; the lens–image distance is
equal to the focal length. [2] 39 a 0.4 µm [2]
b 0.7 µm [2]
29 parallel beam [1]
c B [1]
30 a f our from: obey wave equation , transverse,
undergo reflection, refraction, diffraction, travel 40 a 1650 Hz [2]
at 3 × 108 m/s in a vacuum [4] b i 20–20 000 Hz [1]
b i infrared [1] ii greater than 20 kHz [1]
ii microwaves or infrared [1] 41 2.64 km [3]
iii X-rays [1]

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 Exam focus b 10 cm [1]
c The same [1]
Core 4 a 495 m [3]
1 a b 2 s [3]
5 a 0.99 m [2]
b 6000 m/s [2]
c Use a digital timer to measure the time, ,
that a sharp sound (e.g. a hammer blow
on a metal plate) takes to travel between a
‘start’ and a ‘stop’ microphone. Measure the
distance between the microphones, . Repeat
[3] measurements of several times and work out
b an average value. Speed of sound = . [4]

Extended
6 a

[3]
2 a

[4]
b i 45° [1]
ii periscope [1]
iii can be used to see over higher obstacles [1]
c A, D [2]
7 a
[5]

b i periscope [1]
ii binoculars [2]
3 a

[4]

b Exit ray is parallel to the ray entering the block

but is displaced sideways. [2]
c 19° [4]
[4]

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 8 a 10 a i Y [1]
ii X [1]
iii Y [1]
b Molecules in the air vibrate to and fro in
the direction of travel of the sound wave;
when the molecules are moving towards
each other a compression (region of higher
pressure) results; when they are moving
apart a rarefaction (region of lower pressure)
occurs. [3]
b 4 cm [1] [5] c i 0.85 m [1]
c virtual [1] ii 400 Hz [2]
9 a The beam strikes the glass normally. [1] 11 a 28 mm [4]
b 55° [2] b speed = frequency × wavelength [1]
c 42° [3] c 1.4 mm [2]
d 

[2]

●● 6 Electricity and magnetism

Core b

1 pole, south, repel, attract, demagnetised, soft,

steel, permanent [4]
2 a Place a piece of paper on top of the magnet
and sprinkle some iron filings thinly and
evenly onto the paper. Tap the paper gently
so that the filings settle into the field lines.
Alternatively use a plotting compass: lay bar
magnet on a piece of paper and place plotting
compass near the N pole. Mark the position of
the N and S poles of the compass on the paper; [3]
then move the compass so that the S pole is at
3 B, D [2]
the point where the N pole was previously and
mark the new position of the N pole. Continue 4 Two from: stroking with another magnet;
until compass is near S pole then join up the hammering in a magnetic field; inserting in a
points to give a field line. Plot other field lines solenoid and increasing d.c. current through the
by repeating the process with the compass at solenoid. [2]
different starting points. [3] 5 a repel [1]

10

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