EDITION

2021

S ANKALAN

THE BLUE
BRAIN
The first comprehensive attempt to
reverse-engineer the mammalian brain
in order to understand brain function.

HYPERLOOP
It id predicted that Hyperloop can take
you from Bhubaneswar to Delhi in 2
hours flat.

METAVERSE
Do we really need this?
IMAGE COURTSEY:
DEEPTI BHUYAN
3RD YEAR, CSE
FROM THE FOUNDER'S DESK..

Er. Sanjib Kumar Rout

Founder, President of CGU

It gives me immense pleasure to know that

the Department of Computer Science and
Engineering is going to launch their annual
magazine "Sankalan". On this occasion I
wish to congratulate the faculty members
as well as the students for their keen
interest in technical research activities. I
am pretty sure that this magazine would
definitely serve as a forum for the
dissemination of scientific knowledge and
help percolate down to the grass root
level. Further it is hoped that it would
provide an opportunity to the faculty and
the students to show case their technical
expertise in their respective fields of study.
I appreciate the degree of commitment
shown by all towards making this magazine
a success.
 FROM THE VICE
CHANCELLOR'S DESK..

Prof (Dr) B.S Satyanarayana

Vice chancellor

"There is nothing which can better deserve

your patronage, than the promotion of
Science and Literature."
So, I'm confident that "SANKALAN'21" will
become a frictionless platform for
creativity contemplation, with many current
pieces to be produced, and that it will
serve as a stepping stone for young people
to leave their mental and intellectual
imprints. It is a fantastic venue for students
to demonstrate their abilities in a variety of
professions. The Department's aim on
developing students as competent
professionals by imbibing interdisciplinary
culture via the promotion of Science, Arts,
and Literature is shown in such efforts. The
creation of an annual magazine is a
suitable step in the right direction, since
modern society needs talents in a variety of
fields. I wish "Sankalan'21" all the best.
FROM THE DIRECTOR'S DESK..

Prof (Dr) K.C. Patra

Director

Dear members of Magazine Committee of

CSE department.
I am happy to know that your department
is going to publish the annual magazine
"SANKALAN-2021" for the year 2021-22. I
am confident that the magazine will come
out as colorful and informative document
for both the students and the staffs of the
department. My blessings are always with
the students of "COMPUTER SCIENCE &
ENGINEERING" branch. I wish all round
growth of the department.
FROM THE REGISTRAR'S
DESK..

Dr. Binita Panda

Registrar

I am delighted to learn that students of

Computer Science & Engineering
Department are bringing out their branch
Magazine "SANKALAN 2K21". Computer
Science and Engineering course has
achieved greater importance in the
present era of computerization leading
to globalization. The students must take
their sincere endeavor for becoming a
successful professional/technocrat in
this sector. I hope the students are
striving hard to publish creative
technological articles in the magazine. I
wish all success for the magazine and
congratulate the organizers for
their sincere efforts.
 FROM THE DEANS' DESK..

Prof (Dr) Priyadarshi Kanungo Prof (Dr) Sukant Kishoro Bisoy

Dean Engineering Dean Student's Welfare

E Sankalan is particularly important as it Please allow me to extend

encourages the students to share the congratulations to the students and
knowledge they have acquired. Writing faculty community of Department of
articles for the magazine also improves the Computer Science and Engineering on
communication skills of the budding the occasion of publication of 2021
engineers of the department. It is common edition of annual magazine "Sankalan".
knowledge that representation of an idea lt is an excellent platform for students to
is as important as, if not more important, showcase their talent in diverse fields.
than the idea itself. It aims to inspire and An effort like this carries a lasting
nurture upcoming engineers to bring a reflection of Department's focus on
revolution in this ever evolving world of grooming the students as competent
technology. The magazine captures the professional by imbibing interdisciplinary
current technological advancements. To culture through the promotion of
conclude I would like to congratulate the Science, Arts and literature. Modern
faculty and the students of the editorial Society demands skills in diverse areas
team on bringing out this magazine. I am and publication of an annual
glad to see that they have lived up to the magazine in an appropriate step in that
high standards they had set with the direction. Wishing all the success for
previous edition and my best wishes to the "Sankalan".
students
for a bright future.
FROM THE DEANS' DESK..

Prof (Dr) Ashwin Kumar Sahoo

Dean Academics

I am extremely overjoyed at core of my

heart and excited in mind that Computer
Science & Engineering department is
moving towards the grand opening of their
annual magazine- "SANKALAN 2K21". As it
is well said that "literature transforms to
spirituality blended with modernity". So, I
am sure the publication truly becomes a
frictionless platform for the creativity
reflection with many modern articles to be
printed and in the journey, it becomes a
stepping stone on which youngsters can
stamp their footprints of mind and
intellect. I wish and pray to lord Jagannath
with folded hands for the grand success of
the magazine and provide pouring of
comfort rain for all those pain-takers who
were directly and indirectly put their pain
and sweat to bring it to blossom.
All the best.
 FROM
THE
HOD'S
DESK
Prof (Dr) Rojalina Priyadarshini
Head of Department, CSE

On behalf of the CSE department l extend a warm welcome to all the stakeholders to
be a part of the CSE Department. Our university has the distinction of being known
as one of the pioneers in the field of CSE and IT education and has been accredited
with a Grade 'A' by NAAC. Our aim is to become a leader in providing high-quality
education and research in the area of Computer Science, Information Technology,
and allied areas. We strive hard to develop human resource with sound theoretical
and practical knowledge in the discipline of Computer Science & Engineering and to
work in groups for Research, Projects, and Co-Curricular activities involving modern
methods, tools and technology and to collaborate and interact with professionals
from industry, academia, professional societies, community groups for enhancement
of quality of education. We seek to be renowned for our distinctive curriculum
emphasizing work- integrated learning, learning-based work, problem solving and
cross-cultural skills. As a Head of the Department, I take the leadership to maintain
academic standards focusing on Outcome Based Education (OBE) by innovative
pedagogy, Industry-Academic interaction and doing live projects etc. With our
distinct student cantered teaching-learning methodology, our students will be able to
face challenges of life with our holistic approach in teaching and learning
encouraging students to indulge in extra-curricular activities to shape them as
leaders of tomorrow. All these efforts are followed ambitiously to develop the overall
personality of the students so as to equip themselves with modern and sensitive
outlook to face the challenges of the competitive world. Our experienced faculty are
the strong pillars of the department whose focus is to empower a diverse community
of students to nurture their capabilities, transform their lives and find success through
high-quality teaching and learning. They also encourage engagement with industry
and community to make the world a better place through the creation, sharing, and
use of new knowledge. I thank all the members for their unconditional support in
preparing directly or indirectly for this magazine.
FROM THE FACULTY
CO-ORDINATOR..

Mrs. Monalisa Mishra

Faculty Co-Ordinator

I am glad to see that students from the

Department of Computer Science and
Engineering are releasing their branch
magazine "SANKALAN 2K21" The annual
magazine is very essential seeing as it
encourages pupils to share what they've
actually learned. Publishing articles for the
magazine also helps the department's
aspiring engineers enhance their
communication abilities. It is common
known that the depiction of a concept is as
as significant as the idea itself, if not more
so. Its goal is to inspire and develop
aspiring engineers in order to usher in a
technological revolution in this ever-
changing planet. The magazine documents
the most recent technology developments.
Finally, I'd want to congratulate the
editorial team's teachers and students on
the publication of this journal.
 FROM THE FACULTIES..

Mamatarani Das

Successful life is a technology of sustained excellence. Information

technology empowers you, too much information confuses you,
focused information drives you towards your goal.

Soumya Sahoo
Every struggle in your life has shaped you into a person you are
today. Be thankful for the hard times, they can only make you
stronger.

Prasant Kumar Dash

It's okay to fail. Take risks and make mistakes. This classroom is for
practice, not performance. Learning is practice.
 FROM THE FACULTIES..

Surendra Kumar Nanda

My dear students,
It has been amazing experience with you all. I would like to
extend my best wishes for a wonderful future ahead of you. It's
not how much you know, but what you do with what you know.
Always keep a positive attitude towards life and erase the word
"GIVE UP" from your dictionary. All the very best for your shining
future and keep learning.

Sampa Sahoo

"The duties of a teacher are neither few nor small, but they elevate
the mind and give energy to the character."

Anjana Mishra
"The function of education is to teach one to think intensively and
to think critically. Intelligence plus character—that is the goal of
true education."

Image Courtesy
Smaranika Pradhan
1st Year CSE
 FROM THE EDITOR'S DESK..
" One child one teacher one book One pen can change the world "
These golden words by Malala Yousafzai the Youngest Nobel Prize
Laureate ignite my heart every time I read them and follow the tradition it
was my heart with pride and pleasure and will launch the 2021 edition of
"Sankalan" magazine. Through all these years this magazine has provided
a platform for every student to showcase their artistic and literary along
with their phone out-of-the-box technical to read and cherish the
brilliance wrapped around them. I am to make a difference in the world
and inspire readers.
In this edition of "Sankalan" along with technical articles creative writing
paintings and beautiful moments captured in our department for the year
we have added a section that will showcase their extraordinary
photography skills of our beautiful Wayne campus. This magazine is not of
continuous support and encouragement we receive from all the members
of society of computer science and engineering department registration
and all the students. Then it is the day when the magazine is finally
coming out has been a very memorable one and the shared talent of all
our states is a remarkable we extend our heartfelt gratitude to everyone
who said they beautiful pieces for the magazine.
We would also like to extend our warm regards to everyone who was
involved in this magazine directly and indirectly making and process very
pleasurable.
THE DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE
AND ENGINEERING
 CSE
SOCIETY
AMAN IRSHAD
CULTURAL SECRETARY
MEMBERS

RITESH SINHA
SHREEN NAAZ GENERAL SECRETARY
TECHNICAL SECRETARY

SWAGAT CHOUDHURY
SPORTS SECRETARY
 Program
1.
Outcomes
Engineering knowledge: Apply the 8.Ethics: Apply ethical principles and
knowledge of mathematics, science, commit to professional ethics and
engineering fundamentals, and an responsibilities and norms of the
engineering specialization to the solution of engineering practice.
complex engineering problems.
9.Individual and team work: Function
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, effectively as an individual, and as a
review research literature, and analyse member or leader in diverse teams, and in
complex engineering problems reaching multidisciplinary settings.
substantiated conclusions using first
principles of mathematics, natural sciences, 10.Communication: Communicate
and engineering sciences. effectively on complex engineering activities
with the
3. Design/development of solutions: engineering community and with society at
Design solutions for complex engineering large, such as, being able to comprehend
problems and design system components or and write effective reports and design
processes that meet the specified needs documentation,
with appropriate consideration for the make effective presentations, and give and
public health and safety, and the cultural, receive clear instructions.
societal, and environmental considerations.
11.Project management and finance:
4. Conduct investigations of complex Demonstrate knowledge and understanding
problems: Use research-based knowledge of the engineering and management
and research methods including design of principles and apply these to one's own
experiments, analysis and interpretation of work, as a member and leader in a team, to
data, and synthesis of the information to manage projects and in multidisciplinary
provide valid conclusions. environments.

5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and 12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need
apply appropriate techniques, resources, for, and have the preparation and ability to
and modern engineering and IT tools engage in independent and life-long learning
including prediction and modelling to in the broadest context of technological
complex engineering activities with an change.
understanding of the limitations.

6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning

informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and
cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to the professional
engineering practice.
Environment and sustainability: Understand
the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental
contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge
of, and need for sustainable development
Program
Specific
Outcomes
1.The ability to understand, analyse and
develop computer programs in the area of
computer science and to solve computer
software and hardware related engineering
problems.
2.The ability to develop software systems to
allow convenient use of computing system
and possess professional skills and
knowledge of software design processes.
3.The ability to gain knowledge in diverse
area of computer science and apply for
successful career entrepreneurship and
higher studies.
4, Ability to use knowledge of ethical and
management principles required to work in
a team as well as to lead a team.

Vision
To become a leader in providing high quality
education and research in the area of
Computer Science, Information Technology,
and allied areas.

Mission
To develop human resource with sound
theoretical and practical knowl­edge in the
discipline of Computer Science &
Engineering.
To work in groups for Research, Projects,
and Co-Curricular activities involving
modern methods, tools and technology.
To collaborate and interact with
professionals from
industry, academia, professional societies,
community groups
for enhancement of quality of education.
 Program
Educational
Objective
PEO1: To provide the fundamental
knowledge in mathematics, science and
engineering concepts for the
development of engineering system
(Fundamental Knowledge).
PEO2: To apply current industry
accepted computing practices and
emerging technologies to analyze,
design, implement, test and verify high
quality computing systems and
computer-based solutions to real world
problems (Design and development).
PEO3: To enable the use of appropriate
skill sets and its applications towards
social impacts of computing
technologies in the career related
activities (Skill Set) and to produce
Efficient team leaders, effective
communicators and ca­pable of working
in multi-disciplinary environment
following ethical values.
PEO4: To practice professionally and
ethically in various positions of industry
or government and/or succeed in
graduate (Professionalism) and to make
substantial contributions to the society
(Societal Contribution).
Department of Computer Science
and Engineering BATCH 2018-22

Society of
presented by

Computer Science
and Engineering
contents
02 LEAP OF WORLD
ORDER
I 27 MARKING UP THE
HTML

04 COVID 19 LITERATURE 29 WHICH

PROGRAMMING
05 STRIVE FOR THE LANGUAGE..
BEST
30 NFT: NON

II
06 INDIA@ 75 FUNGIBLE
TOKENS

08 PLACEMENT AND 31 BIONICS

LUCK

09 EMOTIONAL POETRY 35 VISUALLY

IMPAIRED..
MASTERY
37 ROBOTIC'S
12 THE LAST DAY FUTURE
SHE 40 METAVERSE
13

III
SATISFACTION 42 ELON MUSK'S
14
HYPERLOOP
HIS EYES SHUT
15 SLOWLY HOLOGRAPHIC
44
TELEPRESENCE
A PEACEFUL TECHNICLAS
16 GREY DAY THE BLUE BRAIN
46
VYAKUL PARVAT CLOUD
17 TECHNOLOGY..
47
MAIN NARI
HOON.. MAIN CREATING
18

IV
SHAKTI HOON 50 GAMES USING C#
& UNITY
ANDAR KA
INSAAN MARR 53 DARKWEB
19 RAHA

VIDYA ACHIEVEMENTS INTRODUCTION

55 TO MACHINE
20 LEARNING
NAYA DIN, NAYI
BAHAR GET A STEP
21
57 AHEAD OF NFT
ANISHCHITTA SCAMMERS

V
KI SEEKH
22
58-71 ACHIEVEMENTS
MAA
23 ART &
BLOCKCHAIN 72-83 PHOTOGRAPHY
25 ART &
PHOTOGRAPHY
LITERATURE

01
 In this changing world order, technology is the key aspect for
one nation to conquer. We have observed of yore centuries
were those nations dominated the world order those who
bring in the new era of changes to society which brought
them to the apex which earned them the titles of world
superpower. The subcontinent was once the foremost

LEAP OF
torchbearer as they developed the structure of society such
as Indus’s valley civilizations, then the torch went to the
Eastern Asia as they brought in trade model in the form of
the robust silk route. As the centuries unfolded with the great
Renaissance Europe took the torch and unfolded science to
the world. After the world witnessed two world wars the USA

WORLD
took the torch by developing modern warfare, bringing in a
nuclear arsenal. So, what stands next? How will the world
order be shifted again? What will be the feather on the cap
for the next nation to hold the torch? For formulating the
answers to these questions, we need to observe the

ORDER
progress made by the nations.

Nations around the globe are putting their utmost effort to

get a hold of next-generation technology. In recent years the
world had seen a surge in the nations' spending of GDP on
their R&D for the advancement of the technology countries
like Chinaspends 514.798 billion $; were as with thumping
spending of 612.714 billion$ United States tops the charts,
with other countries such as Russia, Germany, and Taiwan.
Technology not only just brings advancement to the working,
but it also provides defensive as well as economical backing
to the nation. Nations are forming dedicated ministries for
Divy Prakash the promotion of new-age ideas that have the potential to
1st Year, CSF change the current societal dilemmas. Development is not
just being carried out in one dimension, it opens up the
aspects of military advancement, financial structure, with the
functioning of governance infinite sectors.

02
 "India is showing exponential Evidence suggests that countries like Russia, China, North
growth in bringing in new Korea operates contingent of coders who operates cyber-
technology in the defense sector, attacks on the confidential databases of other nation and
from the development of next-gen organizations. They are also entitled to the work of
developing next-gen AI-based security software plus which
fighter jets such as AMCA, to
can be integrated into weapons of mass destruction. It is
constantly updating its missiles
reported that the new generation defense machine is being
arsenal with out-of-the-box design automated, from jets like Japanese i3, F/A-XX American
and specifications such as concept to European's Future Combat Air System (FCAS)
Brahmos, HSTDV & Agni series." which will be equipped with swamp drones, AI pilot with
capability having high-intensity laser; to ground-based
missiles systems which can counter any aerial threats.

On the turf of economics China had rolled out their digital

currency named as Digital Yuan based on blockchain
technology and had given the status of valid tender around
the States, were as El Salvador had accepted the Bitcoin
status as a commodity. It shows that countries are now
working and investing resources in the new era of digital
economics-based technology which will be playing a key
role in the advancement of their financial sector before the
rest catch up.

In this new era, India is jotting down her keynotes.

India is working passionately on its technological
advancements either on its defense half or the
finance side even not neglecting governance, India is
taking each step in the right direction for keeping itself
in the race to get the torch for the upcoming
centuries. India is showing exponential growth in
bringing in new technology in the defense sector,
from the development of next-gen fighter jets such as
AMCA, to constantly updating its missiles arsenal with
out-of-the-box design and specifications such as
Brahmos, HSTDV & Agni series. From the ramparts
of the parliament Minister of Finance, Mrs. Nirmala
Sitharaman had announced that India will be rolling
out its digital currency issued by RBI. In the past few
years, we have seen the graphs of a digitalized
economy going up exponentially. This shows that
Indians are too working hand in hand with the new
era of technology.

The new chapter to this world order will unfold when

nations will draft the pages of technology. Its well-said
history repeats itself and the current scenario justifies
the same were nations building upon their technology
to become the next torch bearer for the forthcoming
centuries.

03
covid 19 SRUTI REKHA PRUSTY
1ST YEAR CSE(DS)

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic loss of human life worldwide and
presents an unprecedented challenge to public health, food systems and the world
of work. The economic and social disruption caused by the pandemic is devastating:
tens of millions of people are at risk of falling into extreme poverty, while the number
of undernourished people.It has undoubtedly lead us to experience mental health
issues.
Today’s youth are our tomorrow ‘s future , but due to ominous situation created by
covid 19 , the youth is really shaken from all the pressure may be studies , family and
peer.The pandemic has disturbed the students daily routine . It has shifted their
attention towards unnecessary stuffs like social media , drinking activities ,smoking
, selfdoubt.
The speedy shifting of examinations has lead to the creation of selfdoubt within
them and made them impotent. Every year there are lakhs of students attending
entrance examinations which also include droppers.
This examinations pressure was really tough for them to handle along with the losses
of their families. According to the reports nearly 34 students died by suicide each
day.
Loss of condolosesnce and comolete loss of touch from outside world has lead the
teenage people more anxious and resulted to feel anxiety.
Due to tremendous increase in the death rate by covid, all work places were shut
down , which has lead to a great loss for employment.
Common man in current situation is facing problems regarding its financial
condition.
The farmers suffered a huge loss , as they were not able to sell their products due to
Lockdown .
The migrant workers specially had to come across many difficulties to return to their
own places. Due to sudden implication of lockdown there were negligible travelling
facilities. For example, a 13 year old girl travelled 1200km from Gurgan to
Darbhanga and brought her father in bicycle.
Even in such apathetic conditions the reel life villianSonuSood turned into real life
hero . He along with his own team helped many workers to reach their places safely .
His organisation was a saviourfor many homeless people.
There’s always a beam of light even in the darkness.
Covid 19 has taught us to tackle to live with unpredictable situations. The pollution
rate has gone down to some extent especially during pandemic.
The death rate of street animals has decreased during this time.
So in general even in this pathetic condition we have learned to live our life with new
perception that nothing last forever.

04
 “Keep
evolving, keep With the startups like Housing.com, Flipkart, Zomato, Myntra etc. Climbing the ladders
of success, we all want to work with the most innovative minds or rather have a startup
thinking, keep of our own. Maybe working in an MNC and end up being the key or the best performer.
Well there is always the flip side to it where you end up with just another job and start
pushing cribbing everything around you just due to frustration, lack of opportunity to prove
yourself, internal politics etc..etc..
yourself. Stay THERE IS ONLY ONE WAY TO BE THE FORMER SIDE AND THAT IS ONLY
IF YOU STRIVE FOR ‘THE BEST’
on top of it.”
Everyone aspires for something different. Be it a specific job title, a big dream to chase, a
particular spouse. Nothing is wrong about it, especially considering needs of any single
person who does not remain static over their lifetime, but evolve to match their

STRIVE circumstances at one time. Obvious, isn’t it? Yet some of our strives seem well, unnatural
at best.

FOR
f you imagine a tree, its history, the legend behind it, what do you see? It starts with a
single stalk, then first leaf, then trunk manifests itself, then you get branches with more
and more leaves and even more branches. Environmental reality can and will affect the
process. Winds will blow shaping the tree with an awkwardly aerodynamic shape,

THE BEST allowing it to grow more easily. Every now and then a flower will sweep the area-
hopefully the tree will be big enough to sustain it. Mistletoe will prey on it, as will several
insects, birds and other beings. What will the tree do about it?

ANKITA JAISWAL And we do have plenty of excuses, most of them easily distinguishable by the word
‘anyway’. No excuse is good enough to settle for the next best thing.
1ST YEAR CSE
"BUT WHAT IF I FAIL?”

HAVE A CLEAR IDEA OF Oh, sure, you will several times be honest. Infact, it doesn't really matter. You fail, you
WHAT YOU WANT. draw conclusions, you evolve, you keep calm and carry on..That’s it!! This is how the
greatest inventions are mad. This is how people become genuinely happy in their life.
Keep on growing. I’ve never heard of a
tree or any other living organism to
What does it take to get there? It's actually easier than you think. If were to be all
voluntarily stop growing. To decide its
managerial and play with SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic,
‘big enough’. To settle for whatever the
reality gives them. Timeboxed) goals, you could either magnify the goal tenfold or decrease the timebox
ten times.
BECOME BETTER.. Thinking of a dream job, far beyond your seemingly achievable postings? Just file your
resume. Worst case scenario, nothing will happen. Odds are, you’ll receive some
Only one species is the exception to feedback like-” you don’t have enough experience in the areas of A, B,C”.
this rule. Some call it homosapiens,
other mentions the mankind, yet others Fantastic, now you know what to do to get there. I got to work with industry-best this
are honest enough to simply look in the way. Attempt, Rejection, Feedback, Conclusion, Improvement, another attempt leads
mirror. Yes, we’re this very special to success. That’s how it works. They say persistence is the key to success-and it might
species. We voluntarily give up our actually be.
chances to achieve something more, to
become someone better, to positively
It is not only about career. See that fancy Lamborghini parked there. Is it something
and actively affect our reality
you’d really like, yet can’t afford?Well, how do you know you can’t? See that someone
over there, the popular one, which you’d dream would live with you “happily ever
after”? Why wouldn’t you just come over and try? Sure, you can get rejected-but then
you know what might not work on this kind of person. Lesson learnt.

It is unnatural for any being to limit itself voluntarily. This is not ho we change
ourselves, how we change our reality, how we change the world. Whatever you do,
aspire for the best. If you fail, learn from it, modify your approach, then do it again.

Blind persistence is a fantastic pathway to the exceptional mediocrity. Persistence in

adapting and striving the best can put you in the stars.

A small mantra of success by APJ ABDUL KALAM which you ought to recite daily: “I
will have great aim; I will continuously acquire knowledge; I will do hard work; and I
will persevere and succeed”

0505
 Self-sufficiency in India
does not imply turning
inwards or becoming an
insular nation, but rather
embracing the world by
getting stronger. The call
for a self-sufficient India
does not imply closing
doors to globalisation, but
rather that India should
thrive alongside the rest of
the world, as a self-
sufficient India will have
more to give the rest of the
world. As a result, we
should all strive together
to build a self-sufficient,
ART BY
resilient, and dynamic
ROHIT ROSHAN
2ND YEAR, CS(DS)
India that honours our rich
history.

India
India has been independent for 75 The first five-year plan was launched
years. India's GDP is currently in 1951, just a few years after India's
valued at 2.78 trillion dollars and is independence. It concentrated on
expected to reach the 5 trillion agriculture and irrigation to increase

@75
dollar milestone by the 2030s. All of farm productivity since India's foreign
this is made even more amazing by reserves were being depleted by food
the rock bottom we had reached as grain imports. The plan was a success,
a result of Britain's with the economy increasing at an
deindustrialization of our study. In annualised pace of 3.6 percent, above
1947, just about a sixth of India's the aim of 2.1 percent, but it was the
A BRIEF HISTORY OF population was literate. According Mahalanobis plan, the second five-
OUR ACHEIVEMENTS to Cambridge history and the study year plan, that established the
of Angus Maddison, India's share of groundwork for economic
SINCE 1947
global GDP fell from 22.6 percent in modernization to better serve India's
1700 - nearly equivalent to Europe's long-term growth imperatives.
Samar Chandra 23.3 percent - to 3.8 percent in 1952. Prashant Chandra Mahalanobis was
3rd Year, CSE possibly the single most influential
figure in shaping India's development
"The brightest jewel in the British strategy. He was the chief advisor to
crown," as former Prime Minister the commission that formed the
Doctor Manmohan Singh called it, Indian Statistical Institute in 1955, and
was the poorest country in the is widely regarded as India's father of
world in terms of per capita GDP at modern statistics. The Mahalanobis
the turn of the twentieth century. plan was based on the Swadeshi (or
self-reliance) mentality.

06
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, our first Prime Minister, defined power and steel as the foundations for
planning. The 680-foot Bhakra multi-purpose project on the Sutlej River in Himachal Pradesh, he said, is
the new temple of a resurgent India. Several hydel projects were developed in India to power houses,
factories, and irrigate crops, including the massive Bhakra-Nangal dams. The second plan established a
goal of 6 million metric tonnes of steel production. Germany was given the contract to build a steel plant
at Rourkela, while Russia and the United Kingdom were given the contracts to build steel plants in Bhilai
and Durgapur, respectively. Other "modern temples" were the Indian Institutes of Technology and the
Atomic Energy Commission.

On June 9, 1964, Lal Bahadur Shastri, a minister without responsibility in Nehru's government, took over
as Prime Minister. India's economic fragility had been revealed as a result of the war with China. He was
convinced that India needs to shift away from centralised planning and price controls due to chronic
food shortages and price increases. He refocused on agriculture, accepted a larger role for private
enterprise and foreign investment, and reduced the influence of the former Planning Commission.

The fact that India was on the verge of a major famine in the 1960s prompted Shastri to focus on food
security. Food aid imports from the United States, on which India was depended, were beginning to
wreak havoc on the country's foreign policy autonomy. That's when geneticist M.S. Swaminathan,
together with Norman Borlaug and other scientists, stepped in with high-yield wheat variety seeds,
kickstarting the Green Revolution. Swaminathan is currently a proponent of India's transition to
sustainable development. He is an advocate for environmentally sustainable agriculture, food security,
and biodiversity preservation. This is what he refers to as a "evergreen revolution."

Following the triumph of the Green Revolution, Shastri focused on the dairy industry, particularly the
Verghese Kurien-led cooperative movement in Gujarat's Anand. He contributed to the expansion of the
Kaira District Co-operative Milk Producers' Union Ltd's activity, ushering in the White Revolution. The
government's Operation Flood resulted in a rapid increase in milk production in the years that followed.
The dairy industry's self-sufficiency was accomplished exclusively through the cooperative movement,
which now includes over 12 million dairy producers across the country. Amul, the brand founded by
cooperative farmers in Anand, is still the market leader decades later.

The first Maruti automobile went off the Gurgaon assembly line in 1983. In November of that year, Prime
Minister Indira Gandhi handed over the keys to Harpal Singh of Delhi. It was a contentious project,
developed by Indira's son Sanjay but plagued by defects to the point where the government finally
agreed to a joint venture with Suzuki of Japan to manufacture the car. It was a true people's car: fuel-
efficient, inexpensive, and simple to drive, a far cry from the ponderous cars that Indians had been used
to up until that point. The Maruti 800's popularity signalled the emergence of a new Indian middle class.

Indians were unchained after ten years of economic liberalisation, and the first decade of the twenty-first
century reflected that. As a result, in 2007, a much smaller Tata Steel purchased the UK-based company
Corus for a staggering $13.1 billion. In 2007, the Aditya Birla Group's Hindalco Industries Ltd completed a
$6 billion takeover of Novelis, a US-based company. Tata Motors purchased Jaguar-Land Rover for $2.3
billion the following year. In 2010, Bharti Airtel paid $10.7 billion to buy out Zain Africa. It was a time when
multibillion-dollar acquisitions were commonplace. The hysteria has subsided, but aspirations have not.

Several companies have sprung up across India in the last decade as young entrepreneurs experiment
with ideas in digital payments, online shopping, on-demand delivery, education, software, and other
fields. Flipkart, one of India's first companies and early unicorns, was valued at over $21 billion when
Walmart bought a 77 percent investment in it in 2018. Flipkart was created by two former Amazon
workers in 2007 and was valued at over $21 billion when Walmart bought a 77 percent stake in it in 2018.
Every year, the number of unicorns, or new enterprises valued at above $1 billion, has increased. The rise
of startups has resulted in the emergence of a new ecosystem of angel and venture capital, incubators
and accelerators, as well as new societal consumption patterns.

07
I am taking you back to a point where all the final years are also stuck sometimes and that phase comes between
job and college life yes friends its placement.
Placement this phase is the most important phase of any college student whether he/she may be an engineer,
doctor or lawyer, or anything this phase is very important for him/her.
Luck or Hard work in Campus placements….?
Many people say that luck is a thing that many people use as an excuse for a mistake or failure in their tasks.
They also think that there is nothing that has called luck, it’s just the hard work and the talent individual needs to
possess in order to achieve success.

This brings us to the conclusion that all the successful people in the world are hard working in nature and they
got that height of success without an unknown dimension called luck.
This is the stage where I was baffled about the luck factor in my life. Then the crucial part of my life Campus
Placements has began in our college.
Absolute Success is Luck. Relative Success is Hard Work
Absolute view considers your level of success compared to everyone else, But Relative success is choices and
habits which you decide.

My point of View
Success is not a matter of luck or accident or being in the right place at the right time. Success is as predictable
as the sun rising in the east and setting in the west. By practicing the principles that you have just learned, you
will move to the front of the line in life.
MAKE THE SUCCESS AND PATH COME TO YOU NOT ONLY THE SUCCESS BECAUSE WHEN YOU LOOK
BACK IN LIFE YOU SHOULD SEE THE PAIN AND THE BELIEVE IN YOURSELF AND NOT THE HELP OF
YOUR FRIEND IN PLACEMENT
BUT SOMETIMES HELP IS ALSO IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT GIVE A CHANCE TO A FAILURE TO IMPROVE
HIMSELF IN HIS LIFE

NABA RATAN PATRA

4TH YEAR, CSE

08
Emotional These calls to action are there to remind
you that you don't want to be like the fly
who keeps banging himself against the
window, trying to get through the glass—

Mastery
if you don't change your approach, all
the persistence in the world will never
pay off. Your Action Signals are
whispering to you (perhaps screaming!),
through the experience of pain, that you
Subhrakant Sahu need to change what you're doing.
I've found that whenever I feel a painful
1st Year, CSE emotion, there are six steps I can take
very quickly to break my limiting
patterns.

SIX STEPS TO MASTER

YOUR OWN EMOTIONS

1.Identify What you are really feeling

or struggling with

So often people feel so overloaded they

don't even know what they're feeling. All
they know is that they're being
"attacked" by all these negative
emotions and feelings. Instead of feeling
overloaded, step back for a moment and
ask yourself, "What am I really feeling
right now?" If you think at first, "I'm
feeling angry," begin to ask yourself, "Am
I really feeling angry? Or is it something
else? Maybe what I'm really feeling is
hurt. Or I feel like I've lost out on
something." Realize that a feeling of hurt
or a feeling of loss is not as intense as
the feeling of anger. Just in taking a
moment to identify what you're really
feeling, and beginning to question your
emotions, you may be able to lower the
emotional intensity you're experiencing,
and therefore deal with the situation
THE DEFINITION much more quickly and easily. If, for
You don't have to wait for anything or anyone! You don't need any special example, you say, "Right now I feel
reason to feel good—you can just decide to feel good right now, simply rejected," you might ask yourself, "Am I
because you're alive, simply because you want to. feeling rejected, or am I feeling a sense
So, if you're the source of all your emotions, why don't you of separation from a person I love? Am I
feel good all the time? Again, it's because your so-called negative emotions are feeling rejected, or am I feeling
giving you a message. What is the message of these Action Signals? disappointed! Am I feeling rejected, or
am I feeling a little uncomfortable?"
They're telling you that what you're currently doing is not working, that Remember the power of
the reason you have pain is either the way you're perceiving things or the Transformational Vocabulary to
procedures you're using: specifically, the way you're communicating your immediately lower your intensity. Again,
needs and desires to people, or the actions you're taking. What you're doing is as you identify what you're really feeling,
not producing the result you want, and you have to change your approach. you can lower the intensity even more,
Remember that your perceptions are controlled by what you focus on and the which makes it much easier to learn
meanings you interpret from things. And you can change your perception in a from the emotion.
moment, just by changing the way you're using your physiology or by asking
yourself a better question. Your procedures include your style of 2.Acceptance -Acknowledge and
communication. Maybe you're being too harsh in the way you communicate, Appreciate Your Emotions
or maybe your procedure is not even communicating your needs, and you're
expecting other people to know what you need. This could create a lot of
You never want to make your
frustration, anger, and hurt in your life. Maybe this Action Signal of feeling hurt
emotions wrong. The idea that anything
is trying to tell you that you need to change your way of communicating so you
you feel is "wrong" is a great way to
don't feel hurt again in the future. Feeling depressed is another call to action,
destroy honest communication with
telling you that you need to change your perception that the problems you're
yourself as well as with others. Be
dealing with are permanent or out of control. Or, you need to take some kind
thankful that there's a part of your brain
of physical action to handle one area of your life so that once again you
that is sending you a signal of support, a
remember that you are in control. This is the true message of all your Action
Signals. They're merely trying to support you in taking action to change the call to action to make a change in either
way you think, change the way you're perceiving things, or change your your perception of some aspect of your
procedures for communicating or behaving. life or in your actions.
09
 If you're willing to trust your emotions, knowing that even One way to do this is to simply remember the ways
though you don't understand them at the moment, each you've handled it in the past, and rehearse handling
and every one you experience is there to support you in situations where this Action Signal would come up in the
making a positive change, you will immediately stop the war future. See, hear, and feel yourself handling the situation
you once had with yourself. Instead, you'll feel yourself easily. Repetitions of this with emotional intensity will
moving toward simple solutions. Making an emotion create within you a neural pathway of certainty that you
"wrong" will rarely cause it to become less intense. can easily deal with such challenges. In addition, jot down
Whatever you resist tends to persist. Cultivate the feeling of
on a piece of paper three or four other ways that you
appreciation for all emotions, and like a child that needs
could change your perception when an Action Signal
attention, you'll find your emotions "calming down" almost
comes up, or ways that you could change how you were
immediately.
communicating your feelings or needs, or ways that you
3.Exploration - Get Curious about the Message This could change the actions you were taking in this particular
emotion is offering you situation.

Remember the power of changing emotional states? If you 6.Get excited and take action
put yourself in a state of mind where you truly are feeling
curious about learning something, this is an immediate Now that you've finished the first five steps—
pattern interrupt to any emotion and enables you to learn a identified what you were really feeling, appreciated the
great deal about yourself. Getting curious helps you master emotion instead of fighting it, gotten curious about what it
your emotion, solve the challenge, and prevent the same really meant and the lesson it was offering you, learned
problem from occurring in the future. As you begin to feel from it, figured out how to turn things around by
the emotion, get curious about what it really has to offer modeling your successful past strategies for handling the
you. What do you need to do right now to make things emotion, and rehearsed dealing with it in future situations
better? If you're feeling lonely, for example, get curious and and installed a sense of certainty—the final step is
ask, "Is it possible that I'm just misinterpreting the situation obvious: Get excited, and take action! Get excited about
to mean that I'm alone, when in reality I have all kinds of the fact that you can easily handle this emotion, and take
friends? If I just let them know I want to visit with them, some action right away to prove that you've handled it.
wouldn't they love to visit with me as well? Is my loneliness Don't stay stuck in the limiting emotions you're having.
giving me a message that I need to take action, reach out Express yourself by using what you rehearsed internally to
more and connect with people?" Here are four questions to create a change in your perceptions or your actions.
ask yourself to become curious about your emotions: What Remember that the new distinctions you've just made will
do I really want to feel? What would I have to believe in change the way you feel not only today, but how you deal
order to feel the way I've been feeling? What am I willing to with this emotion in the future. With these six simple
do to create a solution and handle this right now? What can I steps, you can master virtually any emotion that comes up
learn from this? As you get curious about your emotions, in your life. If you find yourself dealing with the same
you'll learn important distinctions about them, not only emotion again and again, this six-step method will help
today, but in the future as well. you identify the pattern and change it in a very short
period of time. So practice using this system. Like anything
4.Appreciate and Get confident else that's brand-new, at first this may seem
cumbersome72. But the more you do it, the easier it will
Appreciate what you can learn from your emotions and become to use, and pretty soon you'll find yourself being
get confident that you can handle this emotion immediately. able to navigate your way through what you used to think
The quickest, simplest, and most powerful way I know to were emotional minefields. What you’ll see instead will be
handle any emotion is to remember a time when you felt a a field of personal coaches guiding you each step of the
similar emotion and realize that you've successfully handled way, showing you where you need to go to achieve your
this emotion before. Since you handled it in the past, surely goals. Remember, the best time to handle an emotion is
you can handle it again today. The truth is, if you've ever had when you first begin to feel it. It's much more difficult to
this Action Signal before and gotten through it, you already interrupt an emotional pattern once it's full-blown. My
have a strategy of how to change your emotional states. So philosophy is, "Kill the monster while it's little." Use this
stop right now and think about that time when you felt the system quickly, as soon as the Action Signal makes itself
same emotions and how you dealt with them in a positive known, and you’ll find yourself being able to quickly
way. Use this as the role model or checklist for what you can handle virtually any emotion.
do right now to change how you feel. What did you do back
then? Did you change what you were focusing on, the Acceptance, Awareness, exploration and appreciation are
questions you asked yourself, your perceptions? Or did you the four simple steps towards mastering your emotions
take some kind of new action? Decide to do the same right and all these abovementioned qualities can only be
now, with the confidence that it will work just as it did achieved by a lot of practise and self-discipline.
before. If you're feeling depressed, for example, and you've
been able to turn it around before, ask yourself, "What did I
do then?" Did you take some new action like going for a run The best thing about hard times is that they
or making some phone calls? Once you've made some make you stronger, they teach you how to be
distinctions about what you've done in the past, do the a fighter and the most important thing is that
same things now, and you'll find that you’ll get similar they make you a good human being. So rather
results. fighting with your own emotions during a bad
phase better accept your emotions and give a
5. Get Certain You Can Handle This Not Only Today, But shoulder to yourself.
in the Future as Well. Don’t be harsh on yourself and remember
one thing,” If you could only love enough, you
You want to feel certain that you can handle this emotion
could be the most powerful person in the
easily in the future by having a great plan to do so.
world."
10
POETRY

11
 The Last
Day
Aditya Saumya
2nd Year, CSE(DS)

The lead of my pencil withers

as I write about the last day
we saw each other,
but I still sit and wonder
why won’t the memories
fade the same way.

That night,
you walked up to me
soaked in rain
that pleasant smell you carried
as your cologne slowly washed away.
Your sparking eyes, full of angst
refused to meet mine when you said the last words
that came crashing down on me
like a faint clap of thunder
which still echoes in my ears
reminding me,
of the forgotten loneliness
you had taken away from me.

That night,
I shed tears along with the sky.

12
 She Prince Kumar
3rd Year, CSE

Though being quite acquainted with her great endurance,

Instead of sympathy, what we payback is only ignorance.
Even a speck of the whole lot she does of household chores,
One can't just imagine doing without lots of frets and bores.
Nevertheless, she's confined not only to these stuffs,
Rather backs you far and wide, and nowhere ever rebuffs.
Indeed an agony it is, to stay feminine in this macho society.
She is, At no point in time, free from stress and anxiety.
If inside the metra, she stays blessed enough to survive,
Assassinated she would be, even before she thinks of revive.
If either literate or too discreet to abort, come her parents,

Later on at each step, she fears of getting judged as aberrants.

To her character, her dressing senses are considered as a hint.
If she wears shorts, she would be supposed to be a hussy bint.
She is prone to evils like acid attack, violence, and molestation.
Millions of SHEs, sadly, are still off proper and higher education.
Somehow, if she succeeds to withstand all such worries,
For her parents, Challenge just next to it pops out as dowries.
For marriage, she is examined like some item to be purchased.
Isn't it a deal where dealers pay by themselves for their own trade?
That she is relayed successfully to her in-laws, lemme suppose.
There too, she feels forlorn and seldom gets the right to oppose.

Her needs, desires, and anguish are all suppressed forever.

Yes, she is treated as if she will remain a puppet forever.
How ruthless and shameful it is for us, can't we realize?
No, we are so-called chaps, and we won't ever apologize!

13
SATISFACTION
Aman Bawri
2nd Year CSE

In the morning sunshine ,

In the soothness of the rays,
All I look for is different ways.
I stood amidst the familiar faces, wondering
whom to talk,
All I crave is a moment for a walk.
Still trying to figure things out,
Everyone says he’s the one who fought,
I don’t know how to act sensitive,
Still am trying to think positive,
Tenderness is the way to humanity,
And here I am ruining everything to the
calamity.
One day i will prevail,
Not like the monkey king with a tail,
But still everyone will hail,
I’ll be the king with nothing to conquer,
Not like the monster,
Everything else will be nullified,
But atleast i'll be satisfied.
14
HIS EYES SHUT
SLOWLY
SAYANDEEP PAL
1ST YEAR, CSD

There was chaos all around,

bullets and bombs were falling freely;
and, as he looked about,
his eyes shut slowly.

The voices became dimmer and dimmer,

black patches all he could see,
and as everything started growing distant,
his eyes shut slowly.

A soft, sanguine light,

glowing from a distance;
looked at him mockingly,
while his eyes shut slowly.

The war was waging around,

accepting his life’s piddling importance.
With all his efforts going futile,
his eyes were shutting slowly.

He saw his children run to him,

his wife smiling at him dearly.
As they enjoyed in the garden,
somewhere his eyes shut slowly.

Life gradually left his body,

as he keeps looking around hopelessly.
Struggling to stay alive,
yet his eyes were going down slowly.

For no good reason, had the war began,

till death did he fight fearlessly.
And now that he had died, made his country proud,
his eyes shut finally.

15
A Peaceful Grey
Day PALLAVI DAS
1ST YEAR, CSE

A peaceful grey day

The cold breeze
That splash of rain
Winds blowing fast
And faster showering the droplets
And that will be
The path in which I want to pass
Feel the coldness on my cheeks
road where nothing further
Can be seen due to the rain
I want to walk alone
To jump in the puddle
Shout out loud
Cry out loud all my pain
A place where the voice breeze
Can be heard
Where the rain drops falling on the earth
Can be heard
A place where I can hear nature
But where nobody can hear me
And that will be
The path in which I want to pass
Where I can weep to my heart...
And make myself empty
Of all the frustrations
Of all the sorrows I couldn't let out...
A little of lonely moment from this world
A more of my moment in this world
And if there exists any place as such...
That will be the path
In which I want to pass.

16
 व्याकु ल पर्वत अंकित कु मार पाठक
प्रथम वर्ष, CSE

व्याकु ल पर्वत के समीप एक गांव स्थित है, गांव के लोग पर्वत और उसके वन पर काफी हद तक
आश्रित थे । कई किलोमीटर दूर शहर से एक व्यक्ति अक्सर अपने कीमती गाड़ी में आया करता
जंगल के बीच पर्वत की ओर गाड़ी रोककर घंटों सिर्फ पर्वत को देखा करता । एक दिन चालक
स्थान पर बैठे बैठे उस व्यक्ति की मृत्यु हो गई उस दिन से लेकर आज तक वह गाड़ी वहीं खड़ी है
। गांव में अफवाह फै लने लगी लोगों का कहना है पर्वत से लौटते वक्त उन्होंने गाड़ी में बैठे एक
साए परछाई को देखा है । शिक्षक अजय ने अफवाह को समाप्त करने की ठानी उन्होंने कई
योजनाएं बनाई लोगों से ऐसे ऐसे तर्क किए कि लोग मानने के लिए तैयार हो गए भूत प्रेत कु छ
नहीं है । लेकिन इस दौरान उन्हें भी इस गाड़ी से लगाव हो गया अब वह भी चालक की बगल
वाले स्थान पर बैठकर घंटों सिर्फ पर्वत को देखा करते एक दिन वे लापता हो गए । गांव में
अफवाह फिर से फै लने लगी लोगों का कहना है उन्होंने गाड़ी में बैठे दो साए परछाई को देखा है
। हर्ष शिक्षक अजय के घनिष्ठ मित्र थे उन्होंने बचपन से लेकर आज तक उनकी मेहनत को
देखा था और उनके गायब होते ऐसी अफवाह फै लना उन्हें काफी परेशान कर रही थी । इस
चिंताभाव में वो उस गाड़ी के करीब ही टहल रहे थे । चांदनी रात की रोशनी पुणे वाकई गाड़ी में
बैठे थे साहिब परछाई को दिखलाती है । वे क्षण भर में अपने मित्र को पहचान गए उसके तरफ
यह बोलते हुए तोड़े "तुम कहां थे तुम जानते हो तुम्हारे लापता होने के बाद कै सी अफवाएं...."
"यह अफवाह नहीं व्याकु ल पर्वत की अलौकिक भावनाएं जो मुझे इस व्यक्ति के संगती ने
सिखलाई है" शिक्षक अजय ने चालक स्थान की ओर इशारा किया जहां पर कोई नहीं था । फिर
वह बोले "जब मानव आज तक मौलिक भावनाएं नहीं समझ पाए तो क्या समझेंगे ये दुख दर्द
पीड़ा की शांति, अके लेपन की हलचल और भय का सुख भावनाएं मनुष्य प्रेत ईश्वर के बीच की
रेखा होती है संतुष्ट व्यक्ति के लिए अमृत और असंतुष्ट व्यक्ति के लिए विष जैसा होती है ।
शिक्षक अजय ने अपने मित्र को गाड़ी के भीतर बुलाया चांदनी रात की रोशनी गाड़ी के भीतर
उन्हें वाकई दो साए परछाई को दिखलाती है उस दिन से लेकर आज तक कोई भी चिंतित
मनुष्य अगर उस राह से गुजरा है वह आज तक कभी अपने घर वापस नहीं लौटा है ।

IMAGE COURTSEY:
ALISH SHRESHTHA
1ST YEAR, COE

17
 मैं नारी हूं.. मैं शक्ति हूं..
श्रीलेखा गौड़ा
प्रथम वर्ष, CSIT
सदियों से ही धरती पर, अपमान नारी को थमाया है, पर ईश्वर ने सौ सौ बार, राज यही सुनाया है। धरती को
साक्षर बनाने को, माता ने सरस्वती रुप पाया है।बात सोलह आने सच है। धरती के निर्माता भगवान श्री
ब्रह्मा ने जब अपनी पुत्री धरा बनायी थी। तब ही उसके विकास के लिए उन्होंने सरस्वती एवं लक्ष्मी माता
को बनाया। फिर पृथ्वी पर मानव जीवन का प्रारम्भ हुआ और पुरुष ने नारी पर अत्याचार शुरु किए, तभी से
धरती तबाही की ओर चल रही थी। नारी हमेशा से ही धैर्य एवं ममता की मूरत रही है। परन्तु कु दरत का
मानो यह नियम हो कि अच्छे को इम्तिहान के दौर से गुजरना पड़ता है।इंसान चांद पर पहुँच गया है। तारे
तोड़ने का ख्वाहिश रखता है, परन्तु उसकी सोचने की क्षमता उतनी ही पिछड़ी है जितनी ये संसार । आज
भी और तशोषण एवं अत्याचार का लक्ष्य है। पुत्री के जन्म से पहले उसके माता –पिताउ से खत्म करने की
योजनाएँ बनाने लगते हैं। उसके बड़े होने से पहले उसे काम पर लगा दे ते है जबकि सरकार ने मुफ्त शिक्षा
जारी कर दी है परन्तु फिर भी असाक्षरता में कोई गिरावट नहीं है। इसलिए सरकार को कठोर कदम उठाने
होंगे। उनके घर घर जाकर बेटी और बहू को शिक्षा का महत्व बताना होगा अपने घर की, पड़ोस की
लड़कियों को विद्यालय भेजना होगा। उनके माता-पिता को समझाना होगा। तभी सभ्यता का विकाश हो
सकता है।यदि धरती को कु दरत से बचाना है, तो नारी का, सम्मान करना होगा। उसकी शक्ति पहचानना
होगा। नारी को शिक्षित करना होगा, तभी दुनिया हकीकत में विकसित मानी जाएगी। नारी के प्रति धर्म
समझना ही नहीं निभानाभी होगा।
मत समझना नारी को कमजोर,
साक्षात शक्ति का रूप है नारी ||

18
 खेतों में किसान मर रहा।
सरहद पे जवान मर रहा।
जिन्दा तो हैं वैसे हम सब,
पर अंदर का इंसान मर रहा।

संत मर रहे अब मंदिरों में।

मस्जिदों में इमाम मर रहा।
हुए खामोश नदी पेड़ भी,
नेकी और अहसान मर रहा।

भूख से छोटे बच्चे मर रहे।

कष्टों से उनका बाप मर रहा।
घुटन से माएं-बहनें मर रही,
यूँ ही पूरा परिवार मर रहा।

लेखनी मर रही लेखकों की।

गायकों का भी तान मर रहा।

अंदर का कला गुलाम है पैसों की अब,

हर सच्चा कलाकार मर रहा।

इंसान मर जीते जी हम सब मर रहे।

हम सब का ईमान मर रहा।

P
रहा। जिन्दा तो वैसे हैं हम सब,
पर अंदर का इंसान मर रहा।

प्रिंस कु मार
तृतीय वर्ष, CSE
19
 विद्या
दीप्ति भुईयाँ
तृतीया वर्ष, CSE

विद्या धारण कर लो जीवन भर काम आएगी,

धारण की हुई विद्या कभी भी व्यर्थ नहीं जाएगी।

शिक्षा से ही मिल सकता है सर्वोपरि सम्मान,

शिक्षा से ही बन सकता है हमारा भारत महान।

ऐसी धारण करो तुम शिक्षा,

जीवन में कभी मांगनी न पड़े भिक्षा।

पढ़-लिख कर तुम बनो विद्वान,

कामयाबी हासिल कर दुनिया में बनाओ अपनी
पहचान।

करो माँ सरस्वती की पूजा, होगी ज्ञान की बारिश,

ज्ञान अर्जित करो, पूरी होगी हर ख्वाहिश।

विद्या को प्राप्त करो धन अपने-आप प्राप्त हो जाएगा,

जितना बाँटोगें ज्ञान वह उतना बढ़ता जाएगा।

विद्या का सही इस्तेमाल कर बनो अच्छे इंसान,

न की गलत उपयोग कर करो अपना और देश का
नुकसान।

अधूरा ज्ञान बहुत घातक होता है,

क्यूँकी इसके कारण आतंक बढ़ता है।

इसीलिए विद्या हासिल करते वक़्त मत करो तुम

लापरवाही,
वरना उससे हो जाएगी देश की तबाही।

धारण की हुई विद्या हमारा हथियार है,

विद्या प्राप्त करना हम सबका अधिकार है।
20
 नया दिन
नयी बहार
कशिश बर्नवाल
प्रथम वर्ष, CSIT
IMAGE COURTSEY:
PRATYAY RAJ
2ND YEAR, CSSE नया दिन नयी बहार
नयी शुरुआत नये आधार
पीछे छोड़ सारे अंधकार
करने निकल सच्चाई का प्रचार
हर एक ख़्वाहिश को देकर आकार
कर सारे स्वप्नो को साकार
साथ लिए सकारात्मकता का प्रहार
दृढ़निश्चयी कर ना मानना अब हार

फर्क ना पड़े कोई हो या ना हो साथ

जरूरतों मे थाम ले तु अपना ही हाथ
शक्ति है तुझमे रोकने की कोई भी अनर्थ
ढूंढने तो निकल इस जीवन का अर्थ
समझ ले तु हर एक यथार्थ
IMAGE COURTSEY:
SIDDHARTH MOHAPATRA
1ST YEAR, CSE
चल पड़ तु न्याय और इंसाफ़ के पथ
बिना किये एक भी क्षण अपना व्यर्थ
स्पष्ट कर अपना लक्ष्य जैसे करे पार्थ

अपनी कला को बना तु अपनी पहचान

खुबियों से अपनी मत बन तु अंजान
बिना किये खुद पर अभिमान
कायम रख अपना स्वाभिमान
रख कोशिशें अपनी जारी पूरे होंगे हरेक अरमान
सफलता भी चुमेगी तेरे कदम बस स्वच्छ रख तु अपना
ईमान
बन तु सबसे अलग बदल डाल विधि का विधान
कर दिखा कु छ ऐसा इस दुनिया से रुख़सत लेने के बाद
भी मिले तुझे परम सम्मान।।
IMAGE COURTSEY:
SUNIL KUAMR SAHOO
2ND YEAR, CSE
21
अनिश्चितता की सीख
के शव भारद्वाज,
प्रथम वर्ष, CSE

जीवन मेरी एक नैया थी

मैने नदी में उसे उतारा था
रास्ते का तो पता था लेकिन
किनारा ही अनजाना था
खूब अटखेलियां खाती वो
डगमगाती रही बहाव में
तब तक न रुकी थी वो
जब तक मैं बैठा था नाव में
अनिस्चिता का एक दौर बनकर
वक्त एक ऐसा भी आया
बदला प्रकृ ति का मिज़ाज
और नदी में तूफान आया
वो सफर अनोखा होता है
जिसमे अनिस्चित्ता पलती है
दुर्गम परीक्षा ले कर भी
सुंदर शिक्षा देती है
ना समझा मै ना कोई समझेगा
जीवन जो संके त बताती है
अनिस्चित्ता के बस में लेकर
हमे ये बहुत सताती है
निश्चित अनिश्चित कु छ नही
बस कर्म ही प्रधान है
निश्चित या अनिश्चित होना
के वल विधि का विधान है

22
 माँ
प्रिंस कु मार
तृतीय वर्ष, CSE

इस जहाँ में प्यारा शायद कोई नहीं उसके जैसा है।

छांव उसके आँचल जैसी कोई वृक्ष न दे सकता है।
कं पकं पाती ठं ड से और चिलचिलाती धूप से भी,
जो खुद की परवाह न कर हमें बचाये वही माँ है।

गोद में उसके जाते ही कु छ और नजर नहीं आता है।

सारी खुशियाँ जन्नत की हर कोई वहीं पर पाता है।
डाँट भी जिसकी प्यारी लगती, अहा! वो कितनी न्यारी
लगती।
बचपन से बुढ़ापे तक, जो ख्याल रखे सदा वही माँ है!

पापा की कड़वी बातों से जब कभी मन भर आता है।

कै रियर और पढ़ाई का डर, जब कभी हमें सताता है।
अपनी ममता के छाते से, और एक शिक्षक के नाते से,
जो स्नेह दे, दिलासा दे, जो सीख अच्छी दे वही माँ है।

जब भी मुश्किल हालातों में सब मदद से कतराता है।

टूट जाते जब सारे रिश्ते और कोई नहीं अपनाता है।
उस वक्त भी जो गले लगाए, ढोंगी दुनिया को आईना
दिखाए,
जेवरातों की अपनी झोली बेच जो मदद करे वही माँ है।

23
Technicals

24
 BLOCKCHAIN
Abhinav Kumar
CSE AI&ML, 1st Year

As the name suggests blockchain is a chain of

blocks that stores information, it is a system
that is decentralized, in which one single
authority does not control all the data, the data
is being shared by everyone, on which

The experts of
changing the data in the block is near to
impossible, and this type of database is

this
blockchain. New data is added to the chain in
the form of new blocks, the information is
transparent to everyone so, everyone can verify
and validate. This technique was originally
technology
described in 1991 by a group of researchers and
it intended to record a digital copy of the time
like Elon
of occurrence of particular events so that it is
not possible to backdate them or to tamper
Musk, Jack
with them. It is almost like a person authorized Dorsey,
to perform certain legal formalities, especially
to draw up or certify contracts, deeds, and Mukesh
other documents for use in other jurisdictions.
However, it was unused until 2009 when Ambani stated
Satoshi Nakamoto an anonymous developer
adapted this technology to build a digital that this
technology
cryptocurrency ‘Bitcoin’, for maintaining a
secure and decentralized record of
transactions.
has the power
As the birth of world wide web , expands
usages of the new technology arises along with
to
the expanded business opportunities, web
server, people who host and store the
revolutionize
documents and web browser , companies set
up to help you view linked documents and the
how
exploration of the internet began The growth businesses
of internet was like
Web 1.0 - Internet of connection and the world
Web 2.0- internet of information
Web 3.0 - internet of value interact.
The web 3.0 the internet of value represents a
world where value is exchanged at the speed
in which information moves today.The new
web 3.0 browser is being built to help you
manage your cryptocurrency ,keys,password
and other blockchain features.

25
 Hearing the word ‘Blockchain’ in today's time is like
hearing the word internet in the 90's. Where people
thought that it is not going to impact their daily life but in
today’s scenario the events that have taken place in the
past 30 years had a great impact on the users daily lives.

It has transformed the way we do business and

communicate with each other.

In today’s world Blockchain has a huge impact on lives of

people .Blockchain tends to solve problems that have a
greater impact and concerns a large group of people
.Blockchain allows people to exchange assets and perform
transaction without a third party .Imagine a world where
you don't need intermediaries. While traditionally we need
central authority to trust one another and fulfill contracts
,blockchain made it possible to have peers guarantee that
for us.

Blockchain gives users another super technology called

smart contract which is like a program that is pre-stored
on a blockchain that runs when predetermined conditions
are met . People tend to think that blockchain is a very
high-end and new technology which might be difficult for
them to accept , but on the contrary it is an easy new and
creative way of combining older ideas together to give us
an incredible new solution platform.

What will be the future of Blockchain?

Everybody is excited about the idea of blockchain, but
when it comes to implanting the idea into reality people
tend to get nervous. In my opinion, I see that this
technology can be an act as an important layer in the
other technology revolution like AI/Ml, IoT, and smart
devices.

How do we ensure which tech will make our data secure

and immutable? The answer is blockchain, so I think that
this technology is going to see a lot of growth in emerging
technology, and it is going to make more and more things
possible. This tech has got huge potential in days to come,
many companies with innovative ideas will come and use
this tech.

According to Gartner's report, By 2030, it could be used as

a foundation technology for 30% of the global customer
base. By 2025, Blockchain would create a business that
might grow over $180 billion and if it happens by 2025 this
tech would take the market capitalization of $3.2 trillion,
and it simply shows uncovered potential.

26
Marking up the
HyperText Markup
Language Divya
1st Year, CSE

HTML is not a programming language.

In this article, I will give you insights of the HTML. This article will be a kind of concept
map. According to me in this fast growing and changing tech world where queries are one
search away, mastering a language doesn’t mean knowing and remembering every syntax
or every single detail of it. It means knowing all the concepts and getting enough syntax
knowledge to understand every line of code.
To achieve the level of mastery you have to work enough with it and it might happen just
after you completed the learning, the language got updated or a new language replaced it.
Therefore concept mapping is necessary for every language. For programming languages,
basics are the same for almost every language but have differences in syntax.

HTML is abbreviated as hypertext markup language. It is used for structuring the content
on the web (means placing your content at their place so they become meaningful). In
layman’s term, it is the building block of the webpage. And we use it to make web pages.

So now you get some understanding don’t worry if you don’t just remember that almost
everything you search on the internet is made up of HTML. There are plenty of resources
on the internet to guide you. So wake up the curious spider of yours and surf the web to
learn more about the web.

27
Let’s start with some basic terminologies and concepts:-

1. tags - tags are the basic formatting tools in html. For

example- <p>, <body><table> etc.
There are two types of html tags:-
1) Opening tag - it is used to start your element. For
example:- <html>, <title> etc.
2) Closing tag:- it is used to end your element. For
example:- </html>, </title> etc.

2. Elements- opening tag, content, closing tag are

combinedly called an element. For ex:- <p> This is a dog.
</p>

"
There are two types of element in html:-
1)Block element- this starts with a new line and
THESE ARE SOME OF
take all the breadth of the
Screen. For ex- <div>, <p> , <h1> etc. THE BASICS YOU
2) Inline elements- this doesn't start with a new line MUST KNOW TO
and take as much width
is necessary. <span> , <img> , <a>, <button> etc. STRUCTURE YOUR
WEBPAGE. HTML
3. Attributes- Attributes provide additional information
about HTML elements.
ALSO HAS SOME
For example- <a href=”#”> here “href” is an MORE FEATURES
attribute. LIKE HTML APIS,
4. Semantics- This is an important thing to keep in mind CANVAS,
cause semantics helps you to convey your message in an MULTIMEDIA AND
understandable way by the humans and the screen
readers both. Semantic means providing meaning or logic
MANY MORE. IT WAS
to your content. For example:- <h1> tag has a semantics JUST AN OVERVIEW
that it shows the highest prior heading. Hence your page TO MAKE YOU
shouldn’t use the <h2> tag before the <h1> tag cause this
will hinder the semantics of your page and this will lead to AWARE OF THE
nuances in the meaning of your content. CHECKPOINTS YOU
5. DOM:- DOM is abbreviated as Document object
MUST PAY
model and it is the only conceptual stuff to learn in the ATTENTION TO IN
Html. It is an API that describes the logic for how your
YOUR JOURNEY. SO
content would be manipulated. In this concept, all the
elements are children of the parent component HTML GO AND EXPLORE
and the properties are and methods of the parent THE WORLD OF THE
element are inherited by the child element. All the styles
WEB AND HTML.
applied to the parent element is also applied to the child
due to this model.

28
"
 WHICH
PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE TO
CHOOSE RIGHT
NOW
"Sometimes it's better to leave something alone, to pause, and that's very true of
programming."

By Priya Ranjan
1st Year, CSE

Programming languages are like If we go through the internet

the English language which we use according to it the top
to communicate with each other programming languages right now
similarly to communicate with the are python, java, javascript, Kotlin,
computer Programming languages r, PHP, go swift,c#, and c++.
come into play or we can say in C family tree languages like
technical terms like this a c,c++,c#,objective
programming language is any set C,Java,ECMAScript,Go,swift,and
of rules that convert characters, more.if we choose from the c
numbers, strings, or graphical family tree we must go with older
program elements in the case of languages to start with as they are
visual programming languages, to in close range with low-level
various kinds of machine code language and high-level language
output. Which makes your that's why it is easier to switch
computer do such things that you between different languages when
want it to do. we have to understand some older
languages like(c,c+,c#).suppose we
Currently, most beginners looking choose languages like python, rust
to code are worried about which which are kind of newer in
language to choose. If we look at perspective. It is harder to switch
the option available right now are between different programming
c,c++,c#, python, javascript, java, languages because these languages
and more. First, we need to are near to human languages.
understand what is our need if you
are looking to do freelancing, If one seems to make passive income
competitive programming, web from coding and they had gone
deb, app dev, artificial intelligence, through c,c++,c#. The best language
machine learning, and more. for that is javascript.
29
NFT: NON-
18
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) have exploded the
internet in the earliest quarter of 2022.Those
properties, which range from artwork, music,
and dance to bored apes, are being purchased

FUNGIBLE
for more than the cost of land in India; in
some cases, for tens of thousands of dollars.
Some professionals advise that the NFT is a
bubble poised to pop, and others accept that

TOKENS
they may be right here to live, and with that,
they may alter the face of making an
investment forever.

ANUNAY SINHA Now, what's an NFT? An NFT is a virtual

2ND YEAR, CSE AI&ML shape of an asset that someone owns and
which represents real-global gadgets like
artwork, music, games, and videos. They are
commonly bought online with the use of
cryptocurrencies. The reason that NFTs are
promoted at such a high price is that they are
distinctive and certainly one-of-a-kind; they
have unique calculating codes everyone can
view the NFTs without spending a dime.
However, humans pay for them. The purpose
right here is pretty easy due to the fact that an
NFT permits the proprietor to maintain the
authentic item. It has an integrated
authentication that serves as evidence of
ownership. The proprietor values the "virtual
bragging rights" more than the NFT itself.
NFTs exist on a blockchain, a device wherein a
file of transactions made in cryptocurrency is
maintained throughout numerous computer
systems that might be connected in a peer-to-
peer network. NFTs are usually stored on the
Ethereum blockchain, even though different
blockchains can help them as well. NFTs are
minted from the virtual gadgets that
constitute each tangible and intangible gadget.
Essentially, NFTs are collectors’ gadgets,
which might be typically virtual.

To start the adventure of gathering NFTs, one

should first get a virtual pocket that permits
them to keep NFTs and cryptocurrencies. One
Art isn’t the simplest way to make cash with has to buy a few cryptocurrencies, like Ether,
depending on what currencies the NFT
NFTs. Brands like Charmin and Taco Bell company accepts. Once your pocket is
installed and funded, there’s no shortage of
have auctioned off themed NFT artwork to NFT websites to shop at. opensea.io, rarible,
increase their price range for charity. Nyan foundation, and nifty gateway are a number of
the most well-known online marketplaces to
Cat, a 2011-generation GIF of a cat with a shop for change and promote NFTs. Approach
pop-tart body, was bought for nearly NFTs much like you would any funding. This is
via a means of doing all of your own research,
$600,000 in February, and NBA Top Shot knowing the dangers involved, and that you
would possibly lose all your making an
generated more than $500 million in sales. investment quantity. If you are determined to
take the plunge, continue with a wholesome
dose of caution
30
 A CYBORG (/
ˈSAꞮBƆːRꞬ/) A
PORTMANTEAU OF
CYBERNETIC AND
ORGANISM—IS A
BEING WITH BOTH
ORGANIC AND

BIONICS
BIOMECHATRONIC
BODY PARTS.

SAMAR CHANDRA

CYBORGS : FICTION
3RD YEAR, CSE

OR REALITY?
WHAT IS A CYBORG?
A CYBORG IS PERSON WHOSE PHYSICAL ABILITIES ARE EXTENDED BEYOND NORMAL
HUMAN LIMITATIONS BY MECHANICAL ELEMENTS BUILT INTO THE BODY.

EXAMPLE: ANGEL GIUFFRIA

ANGEL GIUFFRIA IS AN ACTRESS, PUBLIC SPEAKER, HUMANITARIAN AND MODEL WHO

HAPPENED TO BE BORN WITHOUT A LEFT HAND. AT JUST SIX WEEKS OLD, SHE WAS
FIT WITH A PASSIVE PROSTHESIS, AND AT FIVE MONTHS OLD, SHE GRADUATED TO A
MYOELECTRIC HAND.

31
OPERATION
Modern bionics operate by interfacing
motor signals with rerouted nerves
that connect to working muscles . For
example, patients with amputated
arms undergo a complicated surgery
that re-wires nerves from dead
shoulder tissue to healthy chest
muscle. Electrodes are then attached
to the chest and connected to the
bionic arm, which enables signals to
be relayed from the brain to the
bionic, causing it to move in the
desired manner . Bionics are currently
capable of a quite a range of motions,
including grasping, flexing, reaching,
exerting, and rotating joints . While
we’re nowhere near being able to
construct a Terminator, the advent of
techniques such as 3D printing has
helped propel the field over several
obstacles, including those of cost,
customization, and versatility.

ORGANIC VS. BIOMECHATRONIC

The record for an overhead lift stands
at 263.5 kilograms.
According to Dan Wathen, an athletics
trainer at Youngstown State
University, Ohio, Bolton and
weightlifters like him are nearly five
or six times stronger than the average
man, who will struggle to lift 45
kilograms over his head.
However, using a modern
exoskeleton, a person can lift up to
200 pounds with ease. That’s double
of what an average man could lift.
Now, why do we need an exoskeleton
if only the arm can be mechanized?
Its so because the weight lifted by the
human body is distributed all over the
skeleton. The arm maybe strong
enough but the skeleton must also be
durable enough to hold that weight.

32
 HISTORY OF EXOSKELTONS

Slipping into a robotic exoskeleton

that could enhance strength or even
serve as a prosthetic limb is a highly
appealing concept and contrary to
popular belief, exoskeletons that aim
to impart superhuman strength are
not new and can be traced back to
1965. It was then that, with funding
from the US Department of Defense,
General Electric developed the
prototype Hardiman (Human
Augmentation Research and
Development Investigation, see Figure
1) which was intended to allow the
wearer to lift loads of up to 1,500 lb.
(682 kg). However, by 1970 only one
arm had been made to work and
although it could lift 750 lbs. (341 kg)
and responded according to
specification, it weighed three-
quarters of a ton.

MILITARY EXOSKELETONS

Military uses feature prominently

among proposed exoskeleton
applications and the US Army is
showing great interest in the
technology. With funding from the
American Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency (DARPA), Sarcos, a
Raytheon company, has been
developing a robotic suit since 2000
which is aimed at the “soldier of
tomorrow”, at its research facility in
Salt Lake City, Utah. The exoskeleton is
essentially a wearable robot (Figures 2
and 3) that amplifies the wearer’s
strength and endurance, allowing
them, for example, to lift 200 lb loads
repeatedly without tiring. In addition,
Raytheon claims that the exoskeleton
can increase a soldier’s agility, enabling
them to navigating rough terrain as
well as conducting more mundane
tasks such as kicking a soccer ball,
working out on a punch bag or climbing
33 stairs.
NON-MILITARY APPLICATIONS

Exoskeletons are also under

development in Japan and some are
already being commercialized,
notably by Cyberdyne, Inc. This
company was founded in 2004 to
exploit the work of a group of
cybernetics researchers headed by
Yoshiyuki Sankai, a Professor of
System and Information Engineering
at Tsukuba University. The product is
the Robot Suit Hybrid Assistive Limb
(HAL) exoskeleton which is aimed at a
range of non-military uses including
training doctors and physical
therapists, assisting the disabled,
allowing workers to carry heavier
loads and as an aid in emergency
rescues.

BIONICS: FROM DISABILITY TO

SUPERPOWERS

With the advancement of the brain-

computer interface and myoelectric
signals which can be read through the
nerves of an amputee, bionics are
advancing into a state where
disabilities are nonexistent moreover
amputees could have enhanced
strength, greater durability, and
agility,
better vision, enhanced brain
function, and whatnot. As research
advances into these directions we
move towards a future where
characters
like Iron Man, Winter Soldier, and
Cyborg will become a reality. Keeping
arguments of ethics and morality
aside bionicscould be the first
stepping stone towards gaining
immortality through technology.

34
Since the invention of The Braille Language in the pre-
digital world in 1819, we have come a long way in
assisting visually impaired folks to have their share of
self-sustenance.In a world of downright dependence
on gadgets, many are trying to create independence
for themselves.
VISUALLY IMPAIRED
According to a BrailleWorks article, until 2012, various
PEOPLE INTO THE
single-purpose applications were developed to make
life easier for the blind. Some of which include
REALM OF
●LookTel: The Money Identifier Mobile App which AUTONOMY AND
instantly recognizes currency and speaks the
denomination, INDEPENDENCE
●KNFB Reader App: Reads Virtually Any Text Aloud
from both Single and multi-page documents accurately,
fast, and effectively,
Amisha Kirti
●TapTapSee: Identifies objects they encounter in their
daily lives through Photos, 3rd Year, CSE
●Color ID Free: Discovers the names of the colors
Around You using Iphone Camera,

Despite all of these advances, there was still a need for

an invention that integrated all of these functions into
one platform
35
. Then, in 2013, Aira Technology made its debut, where white canes and guiding dogs
failed.Originally as an experiment hedging off of Google Glass and OnStar
technology,Aira utilized smart glasses connected with a phone to connect a user with an
agent. Similar wearables existed, however they lack Aira's rapid response time and
portability. Aira was backed by a group of powerful advisers, including Google's John Lee
and venture capital companies Lux Capital and Arch Venture Partners.Virtual assistants
like Siri may also be integrated in future.

MyEye ,one of the competitors of Aira, incorporated an earpiece and camera which is AI
run.Both of these, however, were unable to overcome the disadvantage of high cost.In
2015, a major breakthrough, Be My Eyes, a Danish smartphone app was released, which
eliminated the need for wearables.Thanks to its audio-video connexion, which allowed
individuals to be the eyes for a blind person in need of aid remotely via a live video
connection and be assisted by a network of sighted users through a live chat.

Nevertheless, we couldn’t overlook the difficulties of dealing with agents in real time and
none of the technologies listed above totally relied on the fast improving AI and vision
capabilities.

In 2017,a groundbreaking SeeingAI app was released marking one of the first major
strides into the AI accessibility space by a major tech company, Microsoft. A research
project that brought together the power of the cloud and AI to deliver an intelligent app
It could recognise photographs, colours, and faces, as well as provide data on people's
emotions. A multipurpose programme that could read and explain any type of paper that
is placed in front of the smartphone camera, such as banknotes or product barcodes.
With VoiceOver, this software proved to be completely accessible.The no cost feature
turned out to be another boon.

Apps like Seeing AI are truly revolutionary for blind and visually impaired people who can
nonetheless see their surroundings in a new way.”Microsoft's advancements in object
captioning will help automate managing rich media assets and enrich metadata
significantly”, Pelz-Sharpe, founder of market advisory and research firm Deep Analysis.
said.

Seeing AI was developed for iOS but Lookout is the equivalent app of Seeing AI on
Android.Envision Technologies built a similar programme called Envision AI, however it
isn't fully free..Therefore for now, SeeingAI dominates the oversaturated app market.

36
ROBOTICS’ FUTURE
ARE ROBOTS GOING TO CHANGE THE WORLD?
PRAVAT KUMAR PANDA
2ND YEAR, CS AI&ML

When we think of robots, we might imagine a range of different types of machines, human like
automatons etc. But what are they and how will they change the world in the future?
Do you know what robots are?

Robotics vary from other machines in the way they interact with the world. They have the ability to
modify their environment and adapt to the world around them based on their activities.
A detailed definition explains that:A robot is a product of the robotics sector, which involves the
creation of programmable robots that can aid people or duplicate their operations.
Robots were originally designed to perform repetitive activities (such as assembling parts in an
assembly line), but they have since evolved to accomplish duties such as fighting fires, cleaning
houses, and aiding with extremely complex procedures. Each robot has a different amount of
autonomy, ranging from fully-autonomous bots that accomplish activities without any external
influences to human-controlled bots that carry out tasks that a person has complete control over.

37
TYPES OF ROBOTS
Although the notion of robots has been around
for a long time, it is only in the last few
decades that they have become more
complicated and useful. Robots now have a
wide range of practical applications in a
variety of industries. some of these types of
robots include:
·INDUSTRIAL: The most prevalent
application of robots is in basic, repetitive
industrial activities. Assembly line
procedures, picking and packaging,
welding, and other related activities are
examples. They are reliable, accurate, and
quick.
·ARMY:Military forces all over the globe
now deploy robots in fields like UAVs
(Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), UGVs
(Unmanned Ground Vehicles), triage, and
surveillance, thanks to recent innovations.
·SERVICE: One of the main growth areas in
robotics is in the personal service industry.
Uses include for manual tasks such as
dispensing food and cleaning.
·MEDICAL: Medtech robots are being
employed in a variety of ways in the
healthcare industry. Whether it's aiding
with surgery, rehabilitation, or
physiotherapy, or handling test specimens.
·EXPLORATION:We often use robots to
reach hostile or otherwise inaccessible
areas. A good example of exploratory
robots is in space exploration, such as the
Curiosity Rover on Mars.
·CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTS:Certain
environments can be dangerous for humans
to enter, such as disaster areas, places
with high radiation, and extreme
environments. In those places robots are
used to do all the tasks.

Advantages and disadvantages of robots:

The area of robotics provides answers to a

wide range of issues. As we'll see, the future
of robotics has the potential to transform our
planet. However, this does not negate the fact
that the technology has drawbacks.

38
ADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES:
·In some situations, they can boost ·In certain industries, robots are displacing
productivity, efficiency, quality, and humans, posing economic challenges.
consistency. ·Robots, on the whole, can only do what
·Robots, unlike humans, do not become they're instructed, which means they can't
bored. improvise (although AI and machine
·They may keep repeating the same learning is changing this).
procedure until they wear out. ·Because of current robotics technology,
·They may be extremely precise, down to most machines are less dexterous than
fractions of an inch, which makes them humans and lack the capacity to
particularly helpful in microelectronics comprehend what they observe.Experts are
production. focusing on designing robots that can
·Robots can operate in hazardous perceive the environment better.
conditions for humans, such as with ·In terms of the original cost, maintenance,
hazardous chemicals or in high-radiation the requirement for supplementary
zones. components, and the need to be
·They don't have the same physical or programmed to complete the task, robots
environmental demands as humans. with practical applications are often
·Some robots feature sensors and actuators expensive.
that are superior than those found in
humans.
Is robotics the future of the world?

Automation and robots, according to a McKinsey analysis, will cause a revolution in the way we work.
They believe that employees in different parts of Europe will require different talents in order to
obtain job. According to their estimate, activities requiring mostly physical and manual abilities
would decrease by 18% by 2030, while those needing basic cognitive skills will decrease by 28%.
Workers will require technical abilities, and those with competence in STEM fields will be in even
higher demand. Similarly, many jobs will require socioemotional abilities, especially those that
cannot be replaced by machines, such as caring for others and teaching.
Robots may potentially become a more fundamental part of our daily lives. Many ordinary duties in
our homes, such as cooking and cleaning, can be difficult.
Similarly, machines that can use computer vision and natural language processing, such as self-
driving cars and digital assistants, may become increasingly capable of interacting with the world.
The future of medicine may be shaped by robotics as well. Surgical robots can do incredibly
accurate operations, and with developments in artificial intelligence, they may be able to undertake
surgeries on their own in the future.
Machines and robots with the ability to learn could have an even wider range of uses. Robots that
can adapt to their surroundings, learn new procedures, and change their behaviour in the future will
be better suited to more complicated and dynamic activities.
Robots have the potential to improve our lives in the long run. They may be able to enhance
healthcare, make transportation more efficient, and provide us more freedom to pursue creative
endeavours in addition to shouldering the strain of physically demanding or repetitive work.

CONCLUSION:
Robotic machines are all around us, even though humanoid robots are still primarily in the world of science
fiction. These technical marvels currently assist us in a variety of areas, and they have the potential to
revolutionise our future.
Despite a multitude of benefits and drawbacks, one thing is certain: persons with robotics talents will be in
great demand in the future. There will almost certainly always be work in the field of robotics, whether it be
designing, programming, or maintaining robots.

39
METAVERSE
By Musharaf Parwej
Almost everyone knows about the
word METAVERSE even those who
1st Year CSE

are not in the technological sector are

well aware of this term. Facebook
recently changed its name to META
which brought the attention of the
common masses to the question “Why
did it change its name?” and as the
people searching for the answer to
this question they got to know about
METAVERSE.

What is METAVERSE?

A metaverse is a network of 3D
virtual worlds focused on social
connection. It is a virtual reality where
people can interact with other people
more easily. We all can interact with
people using a holographic image of
ourselves in the metaverse called
avatars.

Metaverse will allow us to interact

with people all across the world in
such a manner that we can feel the
presence of other people even if they
are located on the other side of the
globe better than a normal call or
video call provides us.

"You ’ll be able to hang out with

friends, work, play, learn, shop, create,
and more. It’ s not necessarily about
spending more time online — it’ s
about making the time you do spend
online more meaningful," says
Facebook about metaverse.

40
 Future of METAVERSE

Dominic Ryder, CEO of vEmpire says

Metaverse has become the next natural
Yes! It sounds great talking about virtual progression for the way people interact
reality, avatars, and interacting with digitally, and the possibilities are
more people who are far apart from us, endless. There are options like the
But the question is do we need this? Do Sandbox (for creative minds and gamers
we need this to be a part of our life? that want to build experiences). There
What need doesn’t fulfill? Don’t we is also a Decentraland, which is
have more problems in this real world becoming a hub for all sorts of events.
that need immediate attention rather Today we already have a nascent
than creating a virtual world and living version of the Metaverse existing with
in our fantasies? digital goods like Non-Fungible Tokens
(NFTs) representing popular art and
Negative effects of METAVERSE digital memorabilia already being
lapped up by investors and crypto fans
Metaverse as of now is very unregulated alike.
and still under development so
malpractices will go ignored and there
are no laws for someone who does a
crime in the metaverse, even if we find
someone doing something punishable in
the real world on what grounds will we
Do we really
punish the avatars. The incident of need this?
verbal harassment in metaverse was
seen a few days ago where a 49 yrs old
woman was harassed verbally in the
metaverse by the 3-4 male avatars.
Recently Microsoft has introduced
Psychologists consider metaverse to be
Microsoft Mesh where people can
more dangerous and addictive than
collaborate face to face, It is similar to
social media platforms, some of them
metaverse where people will feel like
say that the concept of avatars in the
they are there with their colleagues
metaverse could affect adolescents due
giving them the best Environment.
to the concept of avatars. When we are
engaging with any type of virtual reality
The future of metaverse will
device, we are depriving our brain of the
undoubtedly be amazing as this new
information it needs for proper
concept will blow off the minds of
development.
people but everything has its pros and
cons, Metaverse will lead to addiction
and people will be separated from
reality and nature. Due to Covid-19
most of us have already faced this
situation of separating from nature and
we have seen how much depressing it is.

41
ELON MUSK'S
HYPERLOOP Prasant Sagar
The Next Big Thing in Transportation 2nd Year CSE

We all have heard of Elon Musk, the man who founded Tesla and SpaceX, but what is a Hyperloop?
Hyperloop is a proposed mode of transport that would propel pods through tubes at speeds as high
as 760 miles per hour. The pods would move as fast as trains, planes, and automobiles but use an
energy-efficient system to provide better capacity than any other mode of transportation. In fact, it's
projected that Hyperloop could take you from Bhubaneswar to Delhi in less than 2 hours flat!
It sounds too good to be true right? That's because it might be. But this type of ground-breaking
transportation system has massive potential for changing the future we live in.

What is a Hyperloop?

Hyperloop is a new form of ground transport currently in development by a

number of companies, It could see passengers travelling at over 700 miles In Musk's model, the
an hour in floating pod which races along inside giant low-pressure tubes, pressure of the air
either above or below ground. inside the Hyperloop
tube is about one-sixth
How does a Hyperloop tube work? the pressure of the
atmosphere on Mars.
The basic idea of Hyperloop as envisioned by Musk is that the passenger This means anoperating
pods or capsules travel through a tube, either above or below ground. To pressure of 100 pascals,
reduce friction, most -- but not all -- of the air is removed from the tubes by which reduces the drag
pumps. force of the air by 1,000
times relative to sea
Overcoming air resistance is one of the biggest uses of energy in high- level conditions, and
speed travel. Airliners climb to high altitudes to travel through less dense would be equivalent to
air; in order to create a similar effect at ground level, Hyperloop encloses flying above 150,000
the capsules in a reduced-pressure tube, effectively allowing the trains to feet.
travel at airplane speeds while still on the ground.

42
How do Hyperloop capsules work?

The Hyperloop capsules in Musk's model float above the tube's surface on a set of 28 air-bearing
skis, similar to the way that the puck floats just above the table on an air hockey game. One major
difference is that it is the pod, not the track, that generates the air cushion in order to keep the tube
as simple and cheap as possible.

The pod would get its initial velocity from an external linear electric motor, which would accelerate
it to 'high subsonic velocity' and then give it a boost every 70 miles or so; in between, the pod
would coast along in near vacuum. Each capsule could carry 28 passengers (other versions aim to
carry up to 40) plus some luggage; another version of the pods could carry cargo and vehicles.

How would Hyperloop be powered?

The pods will get their velocity from an external linear electric motor -- effectively a round
induction motor (like the one in the Tesla Model S) rolled flat. Under Musk's model, the Hyperloop
would be powered by solar panels placed on the top of the tube which would allow the system to
generate more energy than it needs to run.

Advantages of Hyperloop Technology: Disadvantages of Hyperloop Technology :

➨The technology offers very fast speed of ➨High speed of capsule (almost at speed of
transportation which is twice that of aircraft. sound) may cause dizziness to the passengers
➨It has very low power consumption. travelling due to vibration and jostling.
➨It is low-cost transportation system on long ➨Initial cost of investment to have the system in
run. place is very high. The long vacuum chamber
➨It is immune to bad weather conditions. manufacturing requires more technical skills.
➨It is resistant to earthquakes. Moreover this is costly and also risky to maintain.
➨It is safe mode of transportation system.

43
HOLOGRAPHIC
TELEPRESENCE
Telepresence refers to a collection of technologies that allow
a person to feel as if they were present, to give the illusion
of being present, or to have an influence at a location other
than their real location via telerobotics.

Holographic telepresence technology has been the subject

of many discussions since Cisco revealed the potential of
pulling someone into a conference in 3D via a holographic
presence. Indeed, it has sparked dozens of new concerns
and arguments concerning the state of telecommunications
in the future.Given how quickly and fiercely we are heading
toward immediate ad-hoc video communication, one thing is
certain: in the future, we will have people in the room via
holographic presence.

After 3D imaging, the market was looking at a

communication method that was not dependent on the
material format or screen type. Holograms fit the bill
perfectly!
The interference patterns of two laser beams are recorded
to generate a hologram of the 3D model. Holography is a
photographic method that captures the dispersed light from
an object and renders it three-dimensionally.

Precisely, holographic telepresence is an evolving

technology for full-motion, three-dimensional (3D) video
conferencing with the potential to revolutionize many
diverse types of communications.
With a degree of realism rivalling actual presence,
holographic telepresence systems can project realistic, full-
motion, real-time 3D pictures of faraway people and things
into a room, complete with real-time voice
communication.The system gathers photos of actual people
and/or things in the environment, compresses them, and
sends them over a broadband network. It decompresses
the pictures after transmission and then displays them
using laser beams in the same manner that a traditional
hologram is produced.

If you are a fan of the Star Wars franchise, you may recall
the scene where R2D2 projects a tiny holographic recording
of Princess Leia. During the 2014 Billboard Music Awards, a
holographic image of the late Michael Jackson was projected
on stage during a performance. This futuristic world of
holographic images is evolving right before our eyes. And
not long from now, holographic telepresence will be used for
3D video conferencing.

44
Although holographic Telepresence is still in its nascent
developmental stages, some recent supportive technological
HOLOGRAPHIC TELEPRESENCE
advancements have paved the way to its mainstream VS AR AND VR
adoption. Manufacturers of digital cameras are including
features like real-time depth acquisition. The availability of VR blocks out your ability to see and hear the real world
augmented and virtual reality head-mounted displays has ,usually through a VR headset. AR uses a computer and,
constantly increased, encouraging the use of holographic sometimes, a special headset or glasses to create digital
Telepresence technologies. objects and overlay them onto what you see in our
physical world.
THE GAINS Holographic TelePresence is a projection that uses an
illusion effect .Holographic AR is steps beyond — no
Flexibilityi.e. access to speakers from around the world headset or special glasses needed.
Transcend geographical boundarieswithreduced costs of
travel and avoid scheduling conflicts by gaining global
access to talent.
Two-way interactivity with audiencei.eappear in many POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF
locations simultaneously, and have two-way engagement
with live holograms. Give your audience an unforgettable
HOLOGRAPHIC TELEPRESENCE
experience.
Versatility, and scalabilityas the same presentation can be MILITARY (Geographic intelligence) - Soldiers may observe
simultaneously in multiple locations.Minimal technological three-dimensional terrain, peer "around" corners, and
equipment is required for beaming and easily prepare for missions using fully dimensional holographic
transportable. pictures and 3D holographic maps of "battle-spaces."
THE PAINS
TELEMEDICINE-Telepresence can allow medical
Expensive: The components required to project
professionals to advise and assist colleagues thousands
holographic images are expensive. Despite the reduction in
of miles away in real time.
the cost of light modulators and other equipment,
EDUCATION AND CLASSROOM - Facial expressions,
holographic projection at a large scale continues to be
body language storytelling, and reading the room
expensive.
before going on to the next lesson are all important in
Carrier network dependency :To have clear holographic
the classroom. It's difficult to connect on a 2D platform
communication via smart devices, carrier networks with
in this online lifestyle. Imagine the radically enhanced
enormous bandwidth are necessary. As the number of
lectures and engaging encounters if you add holography
customers grows, so do the bandwidth requirements.
to the mix.

HOLOGRAPHIC TELEPRESENCE VS LIVE EVENTS, MEETINGS AND CONFERENCES -

Speakers who are in high demand have limited time and
3D IMAGE availability. Virtually booking speakers (who can "beam
in" from their remote setup instead of flying) saves time
A 3D image that floats in air, one that you can walk around
and money while also reducing environmental effect.
and see from all anglesis called a volumetric image.
“Whereas a holographic display scatters light only at a 2D
AMISHA KIRTI
surface, a volumetric display has little scattering surfaces
scattered throughout the 3D space occupied by the 3D 3RD YEAR, CSE
image,” said Daniel Smalley, a holography expert, in a paper
published in Nature

45
 19

T he Blue Brain project is the first comprehensive

attempt to reverse-engineer the mammalian brain, in
The Blue
order to understand brain function and dysfunction
through detailed supercomputer-based reconstructions
and simulations. Itmakes use of the Blue Gene
supercomputer developed by IBM to carry out
simulations. Hence the project is named the “Blue
Brain Snehasish Pati
3rd Year CSE

Brain“. The project was founded in May 2005 by the So, Why do we need a virtual brain? We need this as
Brain and Mind Institute of École Polytechnique we know intelligence is the inborn quality that cannot
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland. Its be created. Some people have this quality so that they
mission is to use biologically-detailed digital can think to such an extent that others cannot reach
reconstructions and simulations of the mammalian it. Human society would always need such
brain to identify the fundamental principles of brain intelligence and such an intelligent brain. But the
structure and function. intelligence is lost along with the person after death.
A virtual brain is a solution to it. The brain and its
The project is headed by the founding director Henry intelligence can be alive even after death.
Markram—who also launched the European Human We often face difficulties in remembering things such
Brain Project—and is co-directed by Felix Schürmann, as people’s names, their birthdays, the spellings of
Adriana Salvatore and Sean Hill. Using a Blue Gene words, proper grammar, important dates, historical
supercomputer running Michael Hines's NEURON facts, etcetera. A virtual brain can take away the extra
software, the simulation involves a biologically stress we all face to remember things. It is a perfect
realistic model of neurons and an empirically technical solution to a very common human problem.
reconstructed model connectome. The Blue Brain can help us in the following ways:
Today scientists are carrying out research to create an Even after the death of a person his intelligence
artificial brain that can think, respond, take decisions can be used.
and store information. The main aim is to upload a This could boost the study of animal behavior.
human brain into the computer, so that it can think, That means by interpreting the electric impulses
and make decisions without the presence of a human from the brain of the animals, their thought
body. process can be understood easily.
It would allow the deaf to hear via direct nerve
" The blue brain project, if implemented successfully, stimulation, and also be helpful for many
would indeed change many things around us and it psychological diseases.
will boost the area of research and technology. Certain We could make use of the information of the brain
research and development take decades or even that was uploaded into the computer and use it to
provide a solution to mental disorder.
centuries to complete, so the knowledge and efforts of
a scientist can be preserved and used further in his
absence. “The Blue Brain” can turn out to be a blessing
for the humanity. "
46
CLOUD TECHNOLOGY IS
BENEFICIAL FOR HIGHER
EDUCATION
How sustainable is eco-tourism?
Every industry has seen some form of digital transformation with cloud technology—especially the higher
education sector — which is primarily responsible for a better future.

#1. Affordable Study Resources

No matter your specialization, you end up looking for loads of textbooks and resources to explore your
interests.
While you get many things for free online, some exclusive materials often cost a bomb if you want a hard
copy.
Of course, a physical textbook or resource has its advantages, but those resources are available digitally
and are way affordable with cloud tech.
This way, you can support the creators of the resource and save money as well.

#2. Digital Payments

Let’s be real: higher education is not necessarily affordable worldwide. But the physical process of making
payments is time-consuming and inconvenient.
The introduction of digital payments powered by cloud technologies makes fee payment easy. It just takes
a minute to pay your college fee and get your receipt.

With the help of such collaboration tools, you can also share your research or study materials instantly.

47
While the presence of cloud-based technology helps students and teachers collaborate quickly, it
also helps universities. Considering that they have several sizable departments or campuses, they can
easily deploy collaboration systems to share information across campus.
This saves time for everyone and helps global innovation.

#4. Automation
Automation is at the core of cloud technology powering the education sector. It results in various
improvements overall — ranging from the ease of learning to the administrators running the
institute.
Everything gets easy, quick, and with less staff needed.

#5. Efficiency
Being able to communicate over the Internet using cloud-based platforms reduces the time taken to
interact.
Not just efficient communication, several college-related activities and administration tasks also take
much less time.
Let me take the example of submitting a document at the end of a class. You just end up piling up the
documents, and the college staff must organize them to store them somewhere.
This takes time and has a possibility of documents getting misplaced.
With online education, everyone has a separate account and a content management system setup
where things get automatically organized.
Overall, due to the reduced friction for communication and automation, performing tasks has
significantly improved.

#6. Flexibility
The ability to communicate, share resources, and perform various tasks from anywhere (and anytime)
is exciting.
And these are some of the biggest reasons cloud technology is rapidly being adopted by every
industry.
This brings flexibility to the higher education sector — which was not possible without cloud
technology.
It is now possible for universities and colleges to adjust schedules and still efficiently work with
students from across the globe. Or connect with skilled teachers from a different part of the world to
help improve students.

#7. Easy Access to Resources

Everything is super accessible. You no longer have to ask a librarian or wait in a queue for a
book/resource you want.
Simply log in to your university portal and grab the resources available for you without wasting any
time.

#8. Cost Savings

The need for physical infrastructure (and supporting it), paying a fee for transportation, and several
activities that cost money—are cut with cloud-based education.
In fact, deploying a cloud-based application to ease education costs much less than building physical
infrastructure to accommodate all the necessities. With all the costs saved, the university can utilize
the funds to improve student’s education quality or resources.

48
The cost savings reflect for both students and universities at various levels. So, it’s a win-win for
everyone.

#9. Data-Driven Decision Making

With cloud-based applications, the administration (or the leadership) that manages the educational
institute gets access to incredibly detailed insights.
Understanding operational failures and reasons for success can help leaders to come up with
effective decisions.

#10. Scalability
Scaling up the cloud infrastructure is easier than physical expansion. Physical constraints may have
limited the growth of a college or university in the past. But with limitless possibilities, with cloud
technology, the sky’s the limit!
An educational institute can easily meet the demands of an increasing number of students and
resources. And all that with reduced costs (and less time).

#11. Privacy & Security of Data

Every student, teacher, and administrator get all the privacy they need to work on their assignments,
question papers, billing, etc.
Also, information related to your personal profile and your classwork stays private to you. And with
several data-access restrictions and managed firewall for the cloud, the university’s assets stay safe.

This also gives the education system the ability for transparent accountability.
Yes, the college administration may have access to how you use their platform, what you access, and
when you do. But on an individual level, you get more privacy.
And not just limited to that — the cloud stores university data with the ability to recover from any
data corruption or loss. Any tampering with the data is also detectable.

#12. Cloud Technology Promotes Innovative Education System

The education system is constantly evolving, and cloud technology makes it interesting. I am not
surprised many higher education courses are already available on platforms such as Coursera, edX,
and Udacity.
The benefits listed here are some of the important ones. There’s more to it.
Things like overcoming language barriers, cultural differences, and several other benefits are also a
result of cloud technology. It is the modern driving force for the global education system, and with
constant innovation, it will only get better.
(COLLECTED FROM INTERNET)

Soham Rath
2nd Year, CSE-Cloud Computing

49
CREATING GAMES
USING C# AND
UNITY
SMRUTI RANJAN BHANJA, 3RD YEAR, CSE

What Unity Is ?
Unity is a 2D/3D engine and framework that
provides a mechanism for developing 2D, 2.5D,
and 3D game or app scenarios. I mention games
and apps because I've seen training simulators,
first-responder programmes, and other business-
focused Unity products that require interaction
with 2D/3D space. Unity allows you to connect
with them not just via code, but also through
visual components, and export them for free to
every major mobile platform and a whole lot
more.(There is also a pro version, which is quite
wonderful but not free.) With the free version, you
can do a lot.) Unity supports all major 3D
programmes as well as a variety of audio
formats, and it even recognises the Photoshop
(.psd format), so you can simply drag and drop a
.psd file into a Unity project. You may use Unity to
import and build assets, write code to interact
with your objects, create or import animations for
use with a sophisticated animation system, and
much more.

The Unity Editor's Ease

If you've never used a game engine with a built-
in visual editor, you'll be shocked at how quickly
you can construct and alter your projects. Do you
require an item that is slightly to the left? You
can drag your object around the scene by
clicking and dragging it. Done! Do you want to
observe how this object behaves when given new
properties? Just take a look at the inspector's
window. Shazam! The Unity editor even allows
you to run the game in the game window so you
can see how it will look on your target
device.Believe me when I say that being able to
play your game while simultaneously seeing the
characteristics and positions of all objects in the
area is a highly strong and time-saving feature.

50
Scripting's Power
There are numerous gaming engines that include
a visual editor. Because of their formulaic
approach to behaviours, many of these engines
lack the power required to create substantial or
complicated games. Object behaviours in Unity
aren't confined to built-in modules that come
with the engine. Instead, Unity supports strong
behaviours implemented in one of three robust
programming languages: JavaScript, C#, and
Boo. Furthermore, all three languages can be
utilised concurrently within a project, allowing
people with diverse technological backgrounds
to participate to the project at the same time.
Because the languages are utilised as scripts,
they may be compiled quickly, iterated quickly,
and designed with flexibility.This method to game
development using a common language means
that you can start building games rapidly using
knowledge you already have (or is easily
attained).

One Source to Rule Them All!

The ability to construct projects for various
platforms with remarkable simplicity is probably
the most impressive aspect of the Unity
engine.Unity can create for Windows PC, Linux
(new with version 4), iOS (with plugin), Mac,
Android (with plugin), Web Browser, Flash (with
plugin), PS3, Xbox, and Wii U with the simple
selection of a drop-down menu. Did I mention
that creating for many platforms necessitates no
additional project changes? This means you can
spend more time increasing the quality of your
projects and less effort (or none at all) porting
them to new devices.

I Get By with the Help of My Friends

All the power in the world won't help you if you're
stuck on a problem and don't have any direction.
Similarly, speed is not as... um... quick if you find
yourself having to develop things that others have
previously created. Fortunately, Unity has a
vibrant and supportive community (that rhymes).
The Unity forums are a terrific area to ask
questions, get advice, debate best practises,
assist others, and even brag a little. Looking for a
more systematic approach to community
involvement? Unity Answers is a programme that
rewards good questions and answers with
"karma" and badges. It takes a more social
approach than the average Q&A website.

51
Licenses and Pricing
Many engines nowadays have exorbitant prices or
incomprehensible payment options. Many engines do
not display prices, necessitating lengthy quote
negotiations to discover true values.Unity, on the other
hand, only comes in two flavours: Unity Free and Unity
Pro.Unity Free is, of course, free, and it is not a
watered-down, gimped version of the engine. It
includes all of the features you'd need to create and
sell commercial games.If you want some of the more
professional features, such as LOD Support, Path-
finding, or IK Rigs, you can purchase the Unity Pro
licence for $1,500.If you're not sure which licence is
best for you, the Unity Free licence includes a 30-day
Pro trial as well as a 30-day Android add-on trial.

Let's Talk About Games

You're probably wondering who is utilising Unity and
what they're doing with it. As previously stated, Unity
has a sizable registered user base. The Unity engine's
power and versatility have been discovered by many
large and small businesses alike. What you may not
realise is that the engine is also used by non-gaming
companies. Companies all throughout the world utilise
Unity for research, simulation, and demonstration. I
could go on and on about it, but let's stick to the
games for the time being. If you visit Unity's game
gallery, you may see some of the outstanding games
that have already been created using the Unity game
engine. This gallery is only a short selection.Hopefully,
you'll note that the games all look and play completely
differently. This is a true testament to the Unity game
engine's adaptability. This is a tool that allows you to
build and develop your project's vision in your own
unique style, then implement it in your own way.

Conclusion
The Unity game engine is an immensely powerful and
versatile tool for project development. The visual
editor, complete and robust scripting, the animation
technology, and multi-platform build support set this
engine apart from the competition. The incredible
community and sponsored asset store is the icing on
the already quite tall cake. I'm assuming you've
completed downloading the Unity engine by now
(didn't you start downloading right after reading the
fantastic intro? ), so I won't waste any more of your
time. Install that engine, and let's get to work!

52
 DARKWEB
Shubham Yadush
3rd Year CSE

The dark web is the content of the World Wide Web that resides on darknets, which are Internet-based
overlay networks that require special software, setups, or authorisation to access. Private computer networks
can interact and do business anonymously on the dark web without revealing identifying information like a
user's location. Although the phrase deep web is occasionally used incorrectly to refer solely to the dark web,
the dark web is a small subset of the deep web, which is the section of the Web not indexed by web search
engines.

Small, friend-to-friend peer-to-peer networks, as well as huge, popular networks managed by public
organisations and individuals, such as Tor, Freenet, I2P, and Riffle, make up the black web. Due to its
unencrypted nature, users of the dark web refer to the ordinary web as Clearnet. The Tor dark web, often
known as onionland, employs the onion routing traffic anonymization mechanism as its top-level domain
suffix. onion.

Newsletters are published by clubs, churches, societies,

associations, and businesses—especially companies—to provide
information of interest to members, customers, or employees.
Google's definition of a newsletter is, "a bulletin issued
periodically to the members of a society, business, or
organization." Newspapers and leaflets are types of newsletters.

53
Child pornography was the most often hosted
type of content on Tor, followed by illegal
marketplaces, according to a December 2014
analysis by Gareth Owen of the University of
Portsmouth, while the individual sites with
the most traffic were dedicated to botnet
operations. Many whistleblowing websites, as
well as political debate forums, have a
presence. Some of the most popular sites are
those relating to Bitcoin, fraud-related
services, and mail order services.

The number of active Tor sites in.onion was

expected to be 76,300 as of December 2020.
(containing a lot of copies). Only 18000 of
them would contain original content.

Commercial darknet markets facilitate illegal- Studies on the quality of commodities received
goods transactions and often accept Bitcoin as over the dark web, as well as pricing
payment. Starting with the success of Silk discrepancies in dark web markets versus prices
Road and Diabolus Market and its subsequent in real life or on the World Wide Web, have
confiscation by legal authorities, these been attempted. From January 2013 to March
markets have received a lot of media 2015, one such study was conducted on
attention. Silk Road was one of the first dark Evolution, one of the most popular crypto-
web marketplaces to appear in 2011, allowing markets. The study discovered issues with the
for the trade of weapons and resources for quality of illegal drugs sold in Evolution, stating
identity fraud. These markets offer no user that "the illicit drugs purity is found to be
protection and can be shut down by different from the information indicated on
authorities at any time. Despite the fact that their respective listings," despite the fact that the
many marketplaces have closed, others have digital information, such as concealment
sprung up to take their place. There were at methods and shipping country, "seems
least 38 active dark web market venues as of accurate." Consumer motives for using these
2020. These marketplaces are similar to eBay markets and the factors that influence their
or Craigslist in that they allow users to utilisation are less well understood.
interact with merchants and provide product
reviews.

In sum, the Dark Web poses a cyber-security risk to anyone on the

Internet. Though accessing the Dark Web to patrol for your personal
information is not advisable, being aware of its potential impact in
facilitating cybercrime is important in developing a sound cyber-
security protocol. Limiting the sharing of personal information,
staying apprised of recent cyber threats including ransomware, and
following steps to mitigate risk in the wake of high-profile data
breaches are all great steps in a proactive approach. Additionally,
acknowledging the slippery slope of questionable "gateway" sites to
the Dark Web can help keep you and your family safe from what the
Dark Web encompasses.

54
Introduction
to Machine
Learning
Ritesh Sinha
4th Year, CSE

Machine learning is an application of artificial

intelligence (AI) that provides systems the
ability to automatically learn and improve
from experience without being explicitly
programmed. Machine learning focuses on
the development of computer programs that
can access data and use it to learn for
themselves. Unsupervised Machine Learning algorithms
In contrast, unsupervised machine learning
The process of learning begins with algorithms are used when the information used to
observations or data, such as examples, train is neither classified nor labeled. Unsupervised
direct experience, or instruction, in order to learning studies how systems can infer a function to
look for patterns in data and make better describe a hidden structure from unlabeled data.
decisions in the future based on the
examples that we provide. The primary aim Semi-supervised Machine Learning algorithms
is to allow the computers to learn Semi-Supervised machine learning algorithms fall
automatically without human intervention somewhere in between supervised and
or assistance and adjust actions unsupervised learning since they use both labeled
accordingly. and unlabeled data for training — typically a small
amount of labeled data and a large amount of
Machine learning methods unlabeled data. The systems that use this method
are able to considerably improve learning accuracy.
Machine learning algorithms are often
categorized as supervised or unsupervised. Reinforcement machine learning algorithms
Reinforcement machine learning algorithm is a
Supervised Machine Learning learning method that interacts with its environment
algorithms by producing actions and discovers errors or
It can apply what has been learned in the rewards. Trial and error search and delayed reward
past to new data using labeled examples to are the most relevant characteristics of
predict future events. Starting from the reinforcement learning. This method allows
analysis of a known training dataset, the machines and software agents to automatically
learning algorithm produces an inferred determine the ideal behavior within a specific
function to make predictions about the context in order to maximize its performance.
output values.
55
Examples of Machine Learning

Machine learning is being used in a wide range of applications today. One of the
most well-known examples is Facebook’s News Feed. The News Feed uses
machine learning to personalize each member’s feed. If a member frequently
stops scrolling to read or like a particular friend’s posts, the News Feed will start to
show more of that friend’s activity earlier in the feed.
Behind the scenes, the software is simply using statistical analysis and predictive
analytics to identify patterns in the user’s data and use those patterns to populate
the News Feed. Should the member no longer stop to read, like or comment on
the friend’s posts, that new data will be included in the data set and the News Feed
will adjust accordingly.

56
HERE ARE SOME WAYS OF
AVOIDING SCAMMERS
AND DUBIOUS NFTS.

Use Security-Proof
Passwords
Scammers will likely try to steal what you already
have before duping you into buying forged NFTs. It
will help if you adopt security-proof passwords that
are nigh impossible to crack with brute force. That
said, your password should include upper and
lower case letters with a mix of special numerals,
such as #,¢,℅, and @.
Enable two-factor authentication (2FA) protocol
after building a stronger password. This protocol
includes a second verification layer in the form of a
random PIN or QR code which you’ll need to input
before accessing your account. No scammer can
access this information unless they have your
gadget at hand.

Watch Out for

Suspicious Links or
Attachments
It’s common for scammers to attack their prey
through dubious links promoting a fake giveaway,
GET A STEP AHEAD
technical support, or rug pull scams. Fraudsters can
send these links via email addresses or pop-up
windows when you’re accessing some online
services. In targeted and well-coordinated attacks,
OF NFT SCAMMERS
scammers can hack the social media account of
Aman Irshad, 4th Year CSE
someone you trust and use it to send the link.
To stay safe, never click these links or follow any
instructions that come with a dubious attachment.
Like cryptocurrencies, NFTs are not immune to scams and frauds. By
Alternatively, you can add another layer of now you have probably heard of the Evolved Ape scam, an NFT
protection to your computer or mobile device, project that promised up to 10,000 unique NFTs based on lawless
whichever you use to access your NFTs. Innovative, land. Well, the project’s anonymous developer, Evil Ape, vanished with
third-party protection layers may include anti-spam,
anti-phishing, ransomware, and web threat the Twitter account and website that promoted this scam, just a week
protection to put you a step ahead of scammers. after launching it. The traces left behind showed that the developer
siphoned $2.7 million (789 ether) in funds.
Just recently, scammers also took advantage of innocent collectors,
Check Price and with some spending up to $40,000 on the infamous Tekashi 6ix9ine
cartoon NFTs dubbed Trollz collection. These are just a few instances
Verification Marks where scammers skim millions of dollars from unsuspecting NFT
enthusiasts.
NFT prices may vary, depending on the platform.
However, the variation shouldn’t be that big in the
case of an NFT from a single collection. If the price NFTs are going mainstream at a faster rate, bringing a bunch of
that the “artist” is offering is much lower than the opportunities for like-minded investors, and unfortunately as well as
foregoing price tag on reputable platforms, such as
SpaceSeven then the NFT is probably a scam.
scammers. Fortunately, you can get ahead of these scammers and
On top of that, you need to check various safeguard your hard-earned money.
verification marks to differentiate legitimate NFT
sellers from scammers. Different platforms have
various verification marks, but in most cases, it’s a
blue badge or checkmark beside usernames. Also,
Transact on an ID-Centric Platform
ensure that the artist lists all the properties of the
NFT collection clearly It’s still important to verify user identity beyond checking the blue badge beside their
username. That’s why innovative platforms, such as SpaceSeven run on the Concordium
blockchain to facilitate ID-centric transactions. Besides accessing the contact address, you
can also get insights into the origin of the NFT and where the artist minted it.
Even better, you can compare this information against the artist’s official website or social
Be Wary…Don’t Fall for NFT Scammers media pages if they choose to share that too

Being safe from NFT scammers starts with you. Employ these tips starting today and protect your trading or minting account and NFTs from merciless
hackers. Once they get to you, they wipe out everything and disappear without a trace. All the same, the kind of platform you use also has a lot to do with
how secure you are from online predators. Sign up to SpaceSeven today and enjoy a security-proof layer on your account, thanks to Concordium
blockchain. The platform is also ID-centric with a Know Your Client (KYC) protocol to help you verify the identities of every artist and collector you interact
with.

57
ACHIEVEMENTS

58
PRAVAT KUMAR PANDA
2ND YEAR CSE AI &ML

" I have participated

in OdishaSkills-2021
competition and got
Bronze medal in
State Level. "

59
MASCOT DESIGNING CONTEST
Shashanka Mondal, 2nd Year, CSE
Under GirlScriptOdisha Tech Fest there was a
mascot designing competition. In which the
theme was : Any figure or animal or design
that represent the culture of state of odisha.

I have won the SPECIAL MENTION.

The mascot represents the rich culture of

Odisha. It specifically showcases the elements
of famous dance form Chhau and Odissi
dance. The horn represents the state animal
Sambar Deer. The Lord Jagannath's face
represents the presiding deity of Odisha
culture showcasing the religious worships of
Odisha using Papier Mache also known as
Mukh Chitra, an art form showcasing the skill
of Odia craftsmen. The use of applique work in
the saree is associated with the religious
ceremonies of Lord Jagannath ascribing its
origin to the Jagnnath Cult. 60
 "We had
participated in
Hack4Odisha - A
24-hours long
State Level
Hackathon
organized by
GirlScript
Foundation,
Odisha to
promote culture
of Odisha. Our
team (Team Tyro)
secured the 2nd
place in the
hackathon."

Shashanka Mondal
2nd Year, CSE

Shrijan Singh
2nd Year, CSE

Bushra Shireen
2nd Year, CSE (Web Technology)

61
 Aman Irshad
4th Year, CSE

"Aman Irshad bags

the Bronze Medal
in the Skill
Category WEB
DEVELOPMENT
AND DESIGN at
ODISHA Skills
2021"

62
Yash Kant
2nd Year, CSE(Cloud)
" I'm Yash Kant.
I'm a writer,
author, poet, and
shayar. My works
have been
published in 80+
books and have
been mentioned
in many
newspapers all
across India. "

" For my book " अंत

का आरम्भ " I've been
awarded by The
Harvard World
Records with the
World Record of
" The Youngest
Author to Publish a
Spiritual Love Story
Novel ". "

63
 Ritesh Sinha
4th Year, CSE

"I have won Best Of The Nation Champion award in Future skills 2020 in
which I was representing India. It was an event organized by world skills
russia in which 28 countries participated and I bagged first position in
that."

Ritesh Sinha,
4th Year CSE

"Got best implementation title in

webathon'2.0"

Deepak Kumar Sahoo

4th Year CSE

64
 Chehre
pe
Chehra
IIM VISHAKHAPATNAM

IIM visakhapatnam organised

its fest on 26th-27th March
2022, I had participated in
that fest in monoact named
as chehera pe chehera and
won the first prize .

I SHAILVI SINGH student of

CSE (DATA SCIENCE) branch,
2nd Year participated in the
annual cultural fest of IIM
Visakhapatnam
'samaarambh'.It was a 2
round competition consisting
of competition in different
fields like dancing, singing,
etc. I participated in the field
of acting 'Chehre pe Chehra'
and won the 2nd prize in this
mono act.
65
 " My name is Swagat Choudhury and I've
represented Odisha in INDIA SKILLS 2021
NATIONALS & I'm the silver medalist of
INDIA SKILLS 2021 in the skill of Print
Media Technology. "

Swagat Choudhury
4th Year CSE

" Project approval at Google

kotlin boot camp "

Saumya Sakshi
4th Year CSE

66
 Yashika
CSE
India skills (national level)
Skill: industry 4.0
Medal : Gold

Ashish Mohapatra
IndiaSkills (National level)
Skill: Cloud Computing
Medal: Bronze
4th Year CSE

67
 Payal Patra
"Top 5 Finalist in the Capgemini Tech Challenge 2021"
4th Year CSE

"I have achieved prizes and trophies in Kabadi , cricket intra tournament .
Also got some medals in Athletics "
Abhijit Mohapatra
4th Year CSE

68
 "The Best DLP Agent
Monitoring Engineer"

NABA RATAN PATRA

INDIA
WORLD SKILLS ASIA
4th Year CSE

"Cleared ACM-ICPC 2020

preliminary round.Reached till
Amritapuri regionals. Team-
IconicIdiots-Nishant,Abhishek
and Ikramul."

Nishant Kumar
4th Year CSE

69
 Yashraj Jain
4th Year, CSE

"1st Runner-Up CodeOffDuty

Hackathon by Mysuru Govt."

"Won Machine
Learning Quiz,
Arranged by
Google India."

70
"First place in Vidyantrik Chem-E-Car"

Aishee Biswas,
4th Year CSE

71