Electronics

Engineering

Digital Circuits

Comprehensive Theory
with Solved Examples and Practice Questions

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Digital Circuits
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First Edition: 2015

Second Edition: 2016
Third Edition: 2017
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Fifth Edition: 2019
Sixth Edition : 2020
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Contents
Digital Circuits

Chapter 1 Chapter 5
Number Systems....................................... 1 Counters................................................152
1.1 Digital Number Systems (Positional Weight System)...... 2 5.1 Asynchronous Counters (or Ripple Counters).............. 154
1.2 Codes................................................................................................ 7 5.2 Decoding Errors (Glitches or Spikes)................................ 157
1.3 Arithmetic Operations..............................................................11 5.3 Synchronous Counters.......................................................... 160
1.4 Signed Number Representation...........................................15 5.4 Design of Synchronous Counters...................................... 171
1.5 Over Flow Concept....................................................................19 5.5 Pulse Train Generation (Sequence Generators)........... 182
Student’s Assignments...............................................................20 Student’s Assignments............................................................ 192

Chapter 2 Chapter 6
Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates.........21 Synthesis of Synchronous
2.1 Logic Operations........................................................................21 Sequential Circuits...............................194
2.2 Laws of Boolean Algebra.........................................................22 6.1 Finite State Machine (FSM).................................................. 194
2.3 Boolean Algebric Theorems...................................................23 6.2 Design of a Sequential Circuit
2.4 Minimization of Boolean Functions....................................27 or Finite State Machine......................................................... 204
2.5 Representation of Boolean Functions................................27 Student’s Assignments............................................................ 226
2.6 Karnaugh Map.............................................................................32
2.7 Logic Gates...................................................................................42
Student’s Assignments...............................................................63
Chapter 7
Programmable Logic Devices and
Chapter 3 Memories..............................................229
Combinational Circuits..........................65 7.1 Programmable Logic Devices............................................. 230
3.1 Design Procedure for Combinational Circuit...................65 7.2 Semiconductor Memories................................................... 243
3.2 Adders and Subtractors...........................................................73 Student Assignments............................................................... 248
3.3 Binary Adders..............................................................................78
3.4 Code Converters.........................................................................89
Chapter 8
3.5 Parity Bit Generators and Checkers.....................................91
3.6 Magnitude Comparators.........................................................93 Logic Families.......................................249
3.7 Encoders........................................................................................95 8.1 Switching Circuits................................................................... 250
3.8 Decoders.......................................................................................98 8.2 Classification of Digital Logic Family................................ 254
3.9 Multiplexers.............................................................................. 105 8.3 Characteristics of Digital Logic Family............................. 255
3.10 Demultiplexers......................................................................... 114
8.4 Logic Families........................................................................... 261
3.11 Hazards and Hazard-free Realization............................... 114
Student’s Assignments............................................................ 295
Student’s Assignments............................................................ 122

Chapter 4 Chapter 9
Flip-Flops and Registers.......................125 A/D and D/A Converters.......................298
4.1 Latches and Flip-Flops........................................................... 126 9.1 Digital to Analog Converter................................................ 298
4.2 Conversion from One Type of Flip-Flop to Another Type....136 9.2 Analog to Digital Converters.............................................. 312
4.3 Operating Characteristics of a Flip-Flop......................... 139 Student’s Assignments............................................................ 322
4.4 Application of Latches and Flip-Flops............................. 142
4.5 Registers..................................................................................... 143 nnn
Student’s Assignments............................................................ 150