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Lect 03

The document discusses several key research areas of artificial intelligence including speech and voice recognition, natural language processing, neural networks, robotics, and fuzzy logic systems. It provides examples of real-life applications of these areas and classifies AI tasks into mundane, formal, and expert domains.

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Govind Tripathi
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25 views4 pages

Lect 03

The document discusses several key research areas of artificial intelligence including speech and voice recognition, natural language processing, neural networks, robotics, and fuzzy logic systems. It provides examples of real-life applications of these areas and classifies AI tasks into mundane, formal, and expert domains.

Uploaded by

Govind Tripathi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Research Area

The domain of artificial intelligence is huge in breadth and width. While proceeding, we consider the
broadly common and prospering research areas in the domain of AI −

Speech and Voice Recognition

These both terms are common in robotics, expert systems and natural language processing. Though
these terms are used interchangeably, their objectives are different.

Speech Recognition Voice Recognition

The speech recognition aims at understanding and The objective of voice recognition is to recognize
comprehending WHAT was spoken. WHO is speaking.

It is used in hand-free computing, map, or menu It is used to identify a person by analysing its tone,
navigation. voice pitch, and accent, etc.

Machine does not need training for Speech This recognition system needs training as it is
Recognition as it is not speaker dependent. person oriented.

Speaker independent Speech Recognition systems Speaker dependent Speech Recognition systems
are difficult to develop. are comparatively easy to develop.
Working of Speech and Voice Recognition Systems

The user input spoken at a microphone goes to sound card of the system. The converter turns the
analog signal into equivalent digital signal for the speech processing. The database is used to compare
the sound patterns to recognize the words. Finally, a reverse feedback is given to the database.

This source-language text becomes input to the Translation Engine, which converts it to the target
language text. They are supported with interactive GUI, large database of vocabulary, etc.

Real Life Applications of AI Research Areas

There is a large array of applications where AI is serving common people in their day-to-day lives −

Sr.No. Research Areas Example

Expert Systems
1
Examples − Flight-tracking systems, Clinical systems.

Natural Language Processing


2
Examples: Google Now feature, speech recognition, Automatic
voice output.

Neural Networks
3
Examples − Pattern recognition systems such as face recognition,
character recognition, handwriting recognition.
Robotics
4
Examples − Industrial robots for moving, spraying, painting,
precision checking, drilling, cleaning, coating, carving, etc.

Fuzzy Logic Systems


5
Examples − Consumer electronics, automobiles, etc.

Task Classification of AI

The domain of AI is classified into Formal tasks, Mundane tasks, and Expert tasks.
Task Domains of Artificial Intelligence

Mundane (Ordinary) Tasks Formal Tasks Expert Tasks

 Mathematics
 Engineering
Perception
 Geometry
 Fault Finding
 Computer Vision
 Logic
 Manufacturing
 Speech, Voice
 Integration and
 Monitoring
Differentiation

Natural Language Processing Games

 Understanding  Go
Scientific Analysis
 Language Generation  Chess (Deep Blue)

 Language Translation  Ckeckers

Common Sense Verification Financial Analysis

Reasoning Theorem Proving Medical Diagnosis

Planing Creativity

Robotics

 Locomotive

Humans learn mundane (ordinary) tasks since their birth. They learn by perception, speaking, using
language, and locomotives. They learn Formal Tasks and Expert Tasks later, in that order.

For humans, the mundane tasks are easiest to learn. The same was considered true before trying to
implement mundane tasks in machines. Earlier, all work of AI was concentrated in the mundane task
domain.

Later, it turned out that the machine requires more knowledge, complex knowledge representation, and
complicated algorithms for handling mundane tasks. This is the reason why AI work is more prospering
in the Expert Tasks domain now, as the expert task domain needs expert knowledge without common
sense, which can be easier to represent and handle.

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