1

2
3

DEFINITION

Circle is defined as a locus of a point 'P' which moves in x-y plane in

such a way such that its distance from the fixed point in the same
plane is always constant.

i.e. (h – a)2 + (k – b)2 = r2

P (h, k)

r
(a, b)
4

DEFINITION
5

DEFINITION
6

Question Circle(s) touching 𝒙 −axis at a distance 3 from the origin and having an
intercept of length 𝟐 𝟕 or 𝒚 −axis is (are) [JEE Advanced 2013]
Ans. (A,C) (A) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟖𝒚 + 𝟗 = 𝟎 (B) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟕𝒚 + 𝟗 = 𝟎
(C) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟖𝒚 + 𝟗 = 𝟎 (D) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟕𝒚 + 𝟗 = 𝟎
Solution
7

Question For how many values of 𝒑, the circle 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚– 𝒑 = 𝟎 and the
coordinate axes have exactly three common points? [JEE Advanced 2017]
Ans. (𝟐)

Solution
8

Question A circle touching the x-axis at (3, 0) and making an intercept of

length 8 on the y-axis passes through the point : [JEE Main−2019]
Ans. (A) (A) (3, 10) (B) (2,3) (C) (1,5) (D) (3,5)

Solution
9

Question Consider a circle C which touches the y-axis at (0, 6) and cuts off an
intercept 𝟔 𝟓 on the x-axis. Then the radius of the circle C is equal to :
Ans. (B) (A) 𝟓𝟑 (B) 9 (C) 8 (D) 𝟖𝟐 [JEE Main−2021]

Solution
10

DIAMETRICAL FORM OF CIRCLE

11

DIAMETRICAL FORM OF CIRCLE

12

Question The diameter of the circle, whose centre lies on the line 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟐 in
the first quadrant and which touches both the lines 𝒙 = 𝟑 and 𝒚 = 𝟐, is
Ans. (3) [JEE Main−2020]

Solution
13

Question Let the abscissae of the two points P and Q on a circle be the roots of
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 – 𝟔 = 𝟎 and the ordinates of P and Q be the roots of
Ans. (A) 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟕 = 𝟎.If PQ is a diameter of the [JEE Main−2022]
circle 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝒙 + 𝟐𝒃𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎, then the value of (𝒂 + 𝒃 − 𝒄) is
(A) 12 (B) 13 (C) 14 (D) 16
Solution
14

Question Consider a triangle 𝚫 whose two sides lie on the 𝒙-axis and the
line 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟎. If the orthocenter of 𝚫 is (𝟏, 𝟏), then the equation of the
circle passing through the vertices of the triangle 𝚫 is [JEE Advanced 2021]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
(A) 𝒙 + 𝒚 – 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟎 (B) 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟎
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
(C) 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟐𝒚 – 𝟏 = 𝟎 (D) 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟎
Solution
15

Question Consider a triangle 𝚫 whose two sides lie on the 𝒙-axis and the
line 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟎. If the orthocenter of 𝚫 is (𝟏, 𝟏), then the equation of the
circle passing through the vertices of the triangle 𝚫 is [JEE Advanced 2021]
Ans. (B) 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
(A) 𝒙 + 𝒚 – 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟎 (B) 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟎
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
(C) 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟐𝒚 – 𝟏 = 𝟎 (D) 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟎
Solution
16

Question Find the equation of the circle

Centre is on the line y = 2𝒙 and passing through (–1, 2) and (3, –2).

Ans. C = (–1, –2), R = 4

Solution
17

Question Find the equation of the circle

Passing through the extremities of the diameter of the circle
𝒙2 + 𝒚2 = 4; 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 + 2𝒙 – 4𝒚 – 2 = 0 and 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 – 6𝒙 – 8𝒚 + 10 = 0.

Solution
18

Question Find the equation of the circle

Passing through the extremities of the diameter of the circle
𝒙2 + 𝒚2 = 4; 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 + 2𝒙 – 4𝒚 – 2 = 0 and 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 – 6𝒙 – 8𝒚 + 10 = 0.
Ans. 𝑪 = (𝟐, 𝟑), 𝑹 = 𝟏𝟕

Solution
19

Question If one of the diameters of the circle 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐– 𝟐𝒙 – 𝟔𝒚 + 𝟔 = 𝟎 is a chord of

another circle 'C', whose center is at (2, 1), then its radius is.
[JEE Main−2021]
Ans. 3

Solution
20

Question Line 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 cuts the curve 𝒚2 = 4a𝒙 at A and B. Find the equation of circle
with AB as diameter.

Ans. 𝒎2(𝒙2 + 𝒚2) – 4a(𝒙+𝒎𝒚) = 0

Solution
21

PARAMETRIC EQUATION OF A CIRCLE

22

PARAMETRIC EQUATION OF A CIRCLE

23

PARAMETRIC EQUATION OF A CIRCLE

24

Question 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 – 6𝒙 + 4𝒚 – 3 = 0. convert into parametric form

Solution
25

Question Let A be the point (1, 2) and B be any point on the curve 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔.
If the centre of the locus of the point P, which divides the line segment
AB in the ratio 3 : 2 is the point C (, ), then the length of the line
segment AC is [JEE Main−2023]
𝟔 𝟓 𝟒 𝟓 𝟐 𝟓 𝟑 𝟓
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Solution 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
26

Question Let A be the point (1, 2) and B be any point on the curve 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔.
If the centre of the locus of the point P, which divides the line segment
Ans. (D) AB in the ratio 3 : 2 is the point C (, ), then the length of the line
segment AC is [JEE Main−2023]
𝟔 𝟓 𝟒 𝟓 𝟐 𝟓 𝟑 𝟓
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Solution 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
27

Question Let 𝑨(𝟏, 𝟒) and 𝑩(𝟏, – 𝟓) be two points. Let P be a point on the
circle (𝒙 – 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 – 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟏 such that (𝑷𝑨)𝟐 + (𝑷𝑩)𝟐 have maximum
Ans. (A) value, then the points P, A and B lie on : [JEE Main−2021]
(A) a straight line (B) a hyperbola (C) an ellipse (D) a parabola

Solution
28

PARAMETRIC EQUATION OF A CIRCLE

Equation of Chord Joining Two Points on a Circle

29

CHORDS AND INTERCEPTS

30

CHORDS AND INTERCEPTS

31

CHORDS AND INTERCEPTS

32

Question
𝟐 𝟐
A line 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝟏 intersects the circle 𝒙 − 𝟑 + 𝒚 + 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓 at the
points 𝑷 and 𝑸. If the midpoint of the line segment 𝑷𝑸 has 𝒙-coordinate

𝟑
− , then which one of the following options is correct ?
𝟓
[JEE Advanced 2019]
(A) 𝟔 ≤ 𝒎 < 𝟖 (B) 𝟐 ≤ 𝒎 < 𝟒
(C) 𝟒 ≤ 𝒎 < 𝟔 (D) – 𝟑 ≤ 𝒎 < – 𝟏
Solution
33

Question
𝟐 𝟐
A line 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝟏 intersects the circle 𝒙 − 𝟑 + 𝒚 + 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓 at the
points 𝑷 and 𝑸. If the midpoint of the line segment 𝑷𝑸 has 𝒙-coordinate
Ans. (B) 𝟑
− , then which one of the following options is correct ?
𝟓
[JEE Advanced 2019]
(A) 𝟔 ≤ 𝒎 < 𝟖 (B) 𝟐 ≤ 𝒎 < 𝟒
(C) 𝟒 ≤ 𝒎 < 𝟔 (D) – 𝟑 ≤ 𝒎 < – 𝟏
Solution
34

CHORDS AND INTERCEPTS

35

Question 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟓
Let 𝑶 be the centre of the circle 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝒓 , where 𝒓 > . Suppose 𝑷𝑸
𝟐
is a chord of this circle and the equation of the line passing through 𝑷
and 𝑸 is 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟓. If the centre of the circumcircle of the triangle 𝑶𝑷𝑸
lies on the line 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟒, then the value of 𝒓 is
Solution [JEE Advanced 2020]
36

Question 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟓
Let 𝑶 be the centre of the circle 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝒓 , where 𝒓 > . Suppose 𝑷𝑸
𝟐
is a chord of this circle and the equation of the line passing through 𝑷
Ans. 2 and 𝑸 is 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟓. If the centre of the circumcircle of the triangle 𝑶𝑷𝑸
lies on the line 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟒, then the value of 𝒓 is
Solution [JEE Advanced 2020]
37

Question The sum of the squares of the lengths of the chords intercepted on
the circle, 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔, by the lines, 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝒏, 𝒏  𝑵, where N is
the set of all natural numbers, is : [JEE Main−2019]
Ans. (D)
(A) 320 (B) 160 (C) 105 (D) 210

Solution
38

Question Let C be the centre of the circle x2 + y2 – x + 2y =

𝟏𝟏
and P be a point on
𝟒
𝝅
the circle. A line passes through the point C, makes an angle of with
𝟒
Ans. (B) the line CP and intersects the circle at the points Q and R. Then the area
of the triangle PQR (in unit2) is : [JEE Main 2022]
𝝅 𝝅
(A) 2 (B) 𝟐 𝟐 (C) 𝟖 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (D) 𝟖 𝒄𝒐𝒔
𝟖 𝟖
Solution
39

Question Find the equation of a circle touching both axes & whose centre
lies on 𝒙 – 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟑.

Ans. (–3, –3) or (1, –1)

Solution
40

FAMILY OF CIRCLES

Type-1 : Equation of the family of circles which passes through the

points of intersection of two circles S1 = 0 and S2 = 0 is S1 + S2 = 0
  –1 (Justify the family)
41

FAMILY OF CIRCLES

Type-2 : Equation of the family of circles passes through the point of

intersection of a circle S = 0 and a line L = 0 is given by S + L = 0.
42

Question Find the equation of a circle drawn on the chord 𝒙 cos  + 𝒚 sin  = p
of the circle 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 = a2 as its diameter.

Ans.  = –2p

Solution
43

FAMILY OF CIRCLES

Type-3 : Equation of the family of circles passes through two given

points A(𝒙1, 𝒚1) & B(𝒙2, 𝒚3) is :
44

Question Find the equation of the circle

Through 3 non-collinear points (0, 1), (2, 3) and (–2, 5)

𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟓
Ans. C − , ,R=
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑

Solution
45

FAMILY OF CIRCLES

Type-4 : : Equation of family of circle touching a line L at its fixed point

(𝒙1, 𝒚1) is : (𝒙 – 𝒙1)2 + (𝒚 – 𝒚1)2 + L = 0
46

Question Show that the equation 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 – 2𝒙 – 2𝒚 – 8 = 0 represents for different

value of  a system of circle passing through two fixed points A and B on
the 𝒙-axis and also find the equation of that circle of the system the
tangent to which at A and B meet on the line 𝒙 + 2𝒚 + 5 = 0.

Solution
47

Question Show that the equation 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 – 2𝒙 – 2𝒚 – 8 = 0 represents for different

value of  a system of circle passing through two fixed points A and B on
the 𝒙-axis and also find the equation of that circle of the system the
tangent to which at A and B meet on the line 𝒙 + 2𝒚 + 5 = 0.
Ans. 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 – 2𝒙– 6𝒚–8 = 0

Solution
48

Question Find the equation of a circle which passes through origin and through
the point of contact of the tangents drawn from the origin to the circle
𝒙2 + 𝒚2 – 11𝒙 + 13𝒚 + 17 = 0.

Solution
49

Question Find the equation of a circle which passes through origin and through
the point of contact of the tangents drawn from the origin to the circle
𝒙2 + 𝒚2 – 11𝒙 + 13𝒚 + 17 = 0.

Ans. 2𝒙2 + 2𝒚2 – 11𝒙+ 13𝒚= 0

Solution
50

What is 𝑺𝟏 And 𝑺𝟏 ?
51

What is 𝑺𝟏 And 𝑺𝟏 ?
52

Question The set of values of k for which the circle C : 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟖𝒚 + 𝒌 = 𝟎
𝟏
lies inside the fourth quadrant and the point 𝟏, − 𝟑 lies on or inside the
circle C is : [JEE Main−2022]
Ans. (D)
𝟗𝟓 𝟖𝟎 𝟗𝟐
𝑨 𝑨𝒏 𝑬𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒚 𝑺𝒆𝒕 𝑩 𝟔, 𝑪 , 𝟏𝟎 𝑫 𝟗,
𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
Solution
53

What is 𝑺𝟏 And 𝑺𝟏 ?

Note

Greatest and least distance of a point 𝑨(𝒙𝟏, 𝒚𝟏) from a circle with
centre 'C' and radius 'r' is |AC + r| and |AC – r|

A(x1,y1)
C
54

Note

All these formulae are applicable when coefficient of x2 & y2 is unity

A
R L
D 𝛉 P
–g,–f O x1,y1
d 𝛉
R
L
B

𝟏
(i) Area of Quad PAOB = 2DPOA = 𝟐. 𝑹𝑳 = 𝑹𝑳
𝟐
55

Note

(ii) Find AB i.e. length of chord of contact

AB = 2Lsin

𝑹 𝟐𝑹𝑳
where 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 = =
𝑳 𝑹 𝟐 + 𝑳𝟐
56

Note

(iii) Area of DPAB (D formed by pair of Tangent & corresponding C.O.C.)

𝟏 𝟏 𝑹𝑳𝟑
DPAB = 𝑨𝑩 × 𝑷𝑫= (𝟐𝑳 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽)(𝑳 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽) =𝑳 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 𝟐
𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝑹 + 𝑳𝟐
57

Note

𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽
(iv) Angle between the pair of Tangent 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟐 𝜽 =
𝟏 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜽
𝟐𝑹𝑳𝟐 −𝟏
𝟐𝑹𝑳
= 𝟐𝜽 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝑳(𝑳𝟐 − 𝑹𝟐 ) 𝑳𝟐 − 𝑹 𝟐
58

Note

(v) Equation of the circle circumscribing the DPAB. (One such circle
described on OP as diameter) i.e. (𝒙 – 𝒙𝟏)(𝒙 + 𝒈) + (𝒚 – 𝒚𝟏)(𝒚 + ƒ ) = 𝟎
59

Question Find the locus of a point the tangents from which to the circles
𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒚𝟐 – 𝟗 = 𝟎 and 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗𝒚𝟐 – 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎 are in the ratio 3 : 4.

Solution
60

Question Find the locus of a point the tangents from which to the circles
𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒚𝟐 – 𝟗 = 𝟎 and 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗𝒚𝟐 – 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎 are in the ratio 3 : 4.

Ans. 7𝒙2 + 7𝒚2 = 20

Solution
61

Question Let B be the centre of the circle 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 – 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟎. Let the

tangents at two points P and Q on the circle intersect at the point A(3, 1).
Ans. 18 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂𝜟𝑨𝑷𝑸 [JEE Main−2021]
Then 𝟖. is equal to.
𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂𝜟𝑩𝑷𝑸
Solution
62

Question Let AB be a chord of length 12 of the circle (𝒙 – 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟏)𝟐 =

𝟏𝟔𝟗
.
𝟒
If tangents drawn to the circle at points A and B intersect at the point
P, then five times the distance of point P from chord AB is equal to.
[JEE Main−2022]
Solution

A
13
6 2
P  C
M 6 (2,–1)

B
63

Question Let AB be a chord of length 12 of the circle (𝒙 – 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟏)𝟐 =

𝟏𝟔𝟗
.
𝟒
If tangents drawn to the circle at points A and B intersect at the point
Ans. 72 P, then five times the distance of point P from chord AB is equal to.
[JEE Main−2022]
Solution

A
13
6 2
P  C
M 6 (2,–1)

B
64

Question For what value of 'm' the line 3𝒙 – 𝒎𝒚 + 2 = 0 intersect to the circle
𝒙2 + 𝒚2 – 4𝒙 + 6𝒚 – 3 = 0 at two coincident points.

𝟐𝟎
Ans. 𝟒,
𝟕

Solution
65

Question If 42 – 5m2 + 6 + 1 = 0, then show that the line x + my + 1 = 0

touches a fixed circle. Find the centre and radius of the circle.

Ans. (𝟑, 𝟎), 𝟓

Solution
66

TANGENT AND NORMAL

Tangent : Tangent is the limiting case of the secant as the point B → A

Normal : Normal is a line perpendicular to the tangent passing

through the point of tangency. In case of circle normal always
passes through centre.
67

Equation of the tangent drawn to the circle in various forms :

(a) Tangent drawn to the circle 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 + 2𝒈𝒙 + 2ƒ𝒚 + c = 0 at its point

(𝒙1, 𝒚1) is given by 𝒙𝒙1 + 𝒚𝒚1 + g(𝒙 + 𝒙1) + ƒ (𝒚 + 𝒚1) + c = 0.

If circle is x2 + y2 = a2

then tangent is 𝒙𝒙1 + 𝒚𝒚1 = a2 (Cartesian from)

P (x1,y1)

(–g,–f)
68
69

𝒙𝟏 = 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜶
(b) Parametric form : 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜶 ൠ
𝟏

 Equation of tangent is x cos + y sin = a.

70

(c) Slope form : y = mx + c is tangent to the circle 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 = a2

if c2 = a2(1 + m2) (condition of tangency).

 𝒚 = m𝒙 ± 𝒂 𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 is the equation of the tangent to 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 = a2  m  R.

71

For P : either solve tangent and normal to get P or compare the equation
of tangent at (𝒙1, 𝒚1) with the given tangent to get point of tangency.
72

Question
𝟐 𝟐
Let 𝑹𝑺 be the diameter of the circle 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟏, where 𝑺 is the point (𝟏, 𝟎).
Let 𝑷 be a variable point (other than 𝑹 and 𝑺) on the circle and tangents to
the circle at 𝑺 and 𝑷 meet at the point 𝑸. The normal to the circle at 𝑷
intersects a line drawn through 𝑸 parallel to 𝑹𝑺 at point 𝑬. then the locus
of 𝑬 passes through the point(s)- [JEE Advanced 2016]

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(A) , (B) , (C) ,− (D) ,−
𝟑 𝟑 𝟒 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑 𝟒 𝟐
Solution
73

Question
𝟐 𝟐
Let 𝑹𝑺 be the diameter of the circle 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟏, where 𝑺 is the point (𝟏, 𝟎).
Let 𝑷 be a variable point (other than 𝑹 and 𝑺) on the circle and tangents to
Ans. (A,C) the circle at 𝑺 and 𝑷 meet at the point 𝑸. The normal to the circle at 𝑷
intersects a line drawn through 𝑸 parallel to 𝑹𝑺 at point 𝑬. then the locus
of 𝑬 passes through the point(s)- [JEE Advanced 2016]

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(A) , (B) , (C) ,− (D) ,−
𝟑 𝟑 𝟒 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑 𝟒 𝟐
Solution
74

Question If a tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = 1 intersects the coordinate axes at distinct

points P and Q, then the locus of the mid-point of PQ is [JEE Main−2019]
(A) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 – 𝟐𝒙𝒚 = 𝟎 (B) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 – 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎
(C) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 – 𝟒𝒙𝟐𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎 (D) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 – 𝟐𝒙𝟐𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎

Solution
75

Question If a tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = 1 intersects the coordinate axes at distinct

points P and Q, then the locus of the mid-point of PQ is [JEE Main−2019]
Ans. (C) (A) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 – 𝟐𝒙𝒚 = 𝟎 (B) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 – 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎
(C) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 – 𝟒𝒙𝟐𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎 (D) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 – 𝟐𝒙𝟐𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎

Solution
76

DIRECTOR CIRCLE

Director circle is a name given to a special locus. Locus of a point 'P'

which moves in such a way such that the pair of tangents drawn from
'P' to a given curve makes an anlge of 90°.
OR
Locus of the point of intersection of two mutually perpendicular
tangents to a given curve is called the director circle of the given
curve. (Director circle of a parabola is its own directrix)
77

DIRECTOR CIRCLE
78

Question Find the range of values of ′a′ such that the angles ′′ between the
pair of tangents drawn from the point (a, 0) to the circle 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 = 1
𝝅
satisfies 𝟐
< 𝜽 < 𝝅.
Ans. 𝒂 ∈ (− 𝟐, −𝟏) ∪ (𝟏, 𝟐)

Solution
79

What is T=0 ? What are Various Usages ?

80

What is T=0 ? What are Various Usages ?

81

What is T=0 ? What are Various Usages ?

82

Question Tangents are drawn to the circle 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 = 8 at the points where the
line 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 4 intersect the circle. Find the coordinates of the point
of intersection of the tangents.

Ans. (2, 4)

Solution
83

Question Tangents are drawn to a unit circle centre at origin from every point
on the line 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟒, then

Prove that chord of contact passes through a fixed point.

Ans. (1/2, 1/4)

Solution
84

Question Tangents are drawn to a unit circle centre at origin from every point
on the line 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟒, then

Find equation to the locus of the middle point of chord of contact.

Ans. 4𝒙2 + 4𝒚2 – 2𝒙 – 𝒚 = 0

Solution
85

Question
𝟐 𝟐
Let 𝑺 be the circle in the 𝒙𝒚-plane defined by the equation 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟒.
Let 𝑬𝟏 𝑬𝟐 and 𝑭𝟏 𝑭𝟐 be the chord of 𝑺 passing through the point 𝑷𝟎 (𝟏, 𝟏) and
parallel to the 𝒙-axis and the 𝒚-axis, respectively. Let 𝑮𝟏 𝑮𝟐 be the chord of
𝑺 passing through 𝑷𝟎 and having slope –1. Let the tangents to 𝑺 at 𝑬𝟏 and
Solution 𝑬𝟐 meet at 𝑬𝟑 , the tangents of 𝑺 at 𝑭𝟏 and 𝑭𝟐 meet at 𝑭𝟑 , and the tangents to
𝑺 at 𝑮𝟏 and 𝑮𝟐 meet at 𝑮𝟑 . Then, the points 𝑬𝟑 , 𝑭𝟑 and 𝑮𝟑 lie on the curve
𝟐 𝟐
(A) 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟒 (B) 𝒙 − 𝟒 + 𝒚 − 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟔
(C) (𝒙 − 𝟒)(𝒚 − 𝟒) = 𝟒 (D) 𝒙𝒚 = 𝟒

[JEE Advanced 2018]

86

Question
𝟐 𝟐
Let 𝑺 be the circle in the 𝒙𝒚-plane defined by the equation 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟒.
Let 𝑬𝟏 𝑬𝟐 and 𝑭𝟏 𝑭𝟐 be the chord of 𝑺 passing through the point 𝑷𝟎 (𝟏, 𝟏) and
Ans.(A) parallel to the 𝒙-axis and the 𝒚-axis, respectively. Let 𝑮𝟏 𝑮𝟐 be the chord of
𝑺 passing through 𝑷𝟎 and having slope –1. Let the tangents to 𝑺 at 𝑬𝟏 and
Solution 𝑬𝟐 meet at 𝑬𝟑 , the tangents of 𝑺 at 𝑭𝟏 and 𝑭𝟐 meet at 𝑭𝟑 , and the tangents to
𝑺 at 𝑮𝟏 and 𝑮𝟐 meet at 𝑮𝟑 . Then, the points 𝑬𝟑 , 𝑭𝟑 and 𝑮𝟑 lie on the curve
𝟐 𝟐
(A) 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟒 (B) 𝒙 − 𝟒 + 𝒚 − 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟔
(C) (𝒙 − 𝟒)(𝒚 − 𝟒) = 𝟒 (D) 𝒙𝒚 = 𝟒

[JEE Advanced 2018]

87

Question
𝟐 𝟐
Let 𝑺 be the circle in the 𝒙𝒚-plane defined by the equation 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟒
Let 𝑷 be a point on the circle 𝑺 with both coordinates being positive. Let
the tangent to 𝑺 at 𝑷 intersect the coordinate axes at the points 𝑴 and
𝑵. Then, the mid-point of the line segment 𝑴𝑵 must lie on the curve -
𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒
(A) 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙𝒚 𝑩 𝒙 +𝒚 =𝟐
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
(C) 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙𝒚 (D) 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝒙 𝒚
[JEE Advanced 2018]
Solution
88

Question
𝟐 𝟐
Let 𝑺 be the circle in the 𝒙𝒚-plane defined by the equation 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟒
Let 𝑷 be a point on the circle 𝑺 with both coordinates being positive. Let
Ans. (D) the tangent to 𝑺 at 𝑷 intersect the coordinate axes at the points 𝑴 and
𝑵. Then, the mid-point of the line segment 𝑴𝑵 must lie on the curve -
𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒
(A) 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙𝒚 𝑩 𝒙 +𝒚 =𝟐
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
(C) 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙𝒚 (D) 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝒙 𝒚
[JEE Advanced 2018]
Solution
89

Question If 2 distinct chord of the circle 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 – 𝒂𝒙 – 𝒃𝒚 = 𝟎 drawn from the

point (a, b) are divided by the x-axis in the ratio 2 : 1, then prove that
a2 > 3b2.

Solution
90

What is (SS1 = T2) ?

91

Question Tangents are drawn to the circle 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 from two points on

the axis of 𝒙, equidistant from the point (𝒌, 0). Show that the locus of
their intersection is 𝒌𝒚𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐(𝒌 – 𝒙).

Solution
92

RADICAL AXIS

P (h, k)

L1 L2

S1 = 0 S2 = 0
𝐋𝟐𝟏 = 𝐋𝟐𝟐

The radical axis of 2 circles is the locus of a points whose powers

w.r.t. the two circles are equal. The equation of radical axis of the
two circles S1= 0 and S2 = 0 is given by
93

RADICAL AXIS
94

RADICAL AXIS
95

RADICAL AXIS
96

RADICAL AXIS

Note

(i) If two circles intersect, then the radical axis is the common chord of the
two circles.

R.A.
97

RADICAL AXIS

(ii) If two circles touch each other then the radical axis is the
common tangent of the two circles

R.A.
R.A.

at the common point of contact.

98

RADICAL AXIS

(iii) Radical axis is always perpendicular to the line joining the

centres of the two circles.

R.A.
C1 C2
2 (–g1,–f1) 2 (–g2,–f2)

2 (g1,–f2)x + 2 (f1 – f2)y + C1 – C2 = 0

99

RADICAL AXIS

(iv) Radical axis need not always pass through the mid point of the
line joining the centres of the two circles.

(v) Radical axis bisects a common tangent between the two circles.
100

RADICAL AXIS

(vi) Pairs of circles which do not have radical axis are concentric.

S1 = 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 + 2g𝒙 + 2ƒ𝒚 + c1 = 0

S2 = 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 + 2g𝒙 + 2ƒ𝒚 + c2 = 0
101

Question Find the equation of a straight line meeting the circle 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 = a2

in 2 points at equal distance ′d′ from the point (x1, y1) on its
𝒅𝟐
circumference is 𝒙𝒙𝟏 + 𝒚𝒚𝟏 − 𝒂 + 𝟐
= 𝟎.
𝟐

Solution
102

Question Let 𝑪𝟏 be the circle of radius 1 with center at the origin. Let 𝑪𝟐 be the
circle of radius 𝒓 with center at the point 𝑨 = (𝟒, 𝟏), where 1  𝒓  3. Two
distinct common tangents 𝑷𝑸 and 𝑺𝑻 of 𝑪𝟏 and 𝑪𝟐 are drawn. The tangent
PQ touches C1 at P and C2 at Q. The tangent ST touches C1 at S and C2 at 𝑻.
Mid points of the line segments 𝑷𝑸 and 𝑺𝑻 are joined to form a line
𝟐
which meets the 𝒙-axis at a point 𝑩. If 𝑨𝑩 = 𝟓, then the value of 𝒓 is
[JEE Advanced 2023]
Solution
103

Question Let 𝑪𝟏 be the circle of radius 1 with center at the origin. Let 𝑪𝟐 be the
circle of radius 𝒓 with center at the point 𝑨 = (𝟒, 𝟏), where 1  𝒓  3. Two
Ans. 2 distinct common tangents 𝑷𝑸 and 𝑺𝑻 of 𝑪𝟏 and 𝑪𝟐 are drawn. The tangent
PQ touches C1 at P and C2 at Q. The tangent ST touches C1 at S and C2 at 𝑻.
Mid points of the line segments 𝑷𝑸 and 𝑺𝑻 are joined to form a line
𝟐
which meets the 𝒙-axis at a point 𝑩. If 𝑨𝑩 = 𝟓, then the value of 𝒓 is
[JEE Advanced 2023]
Solution
104

Question Tangent are drawn to the circle 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 = 12 at the points where it is met
by the circle 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 – 5𝒙 + 3𝒚 – 2 = 0. Find the point of intersection of the
tangents.

𝟏𝟖
Ans. 𝟔, −
𝟓

Solution
105

Question Consider a family of circles passing through two fixed points A(3, 7) and
B(6, 5). Show that the chords in which the circles 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 – 4𝒙 – 6𝒚 – 3 = 0
cuts the member of the family are concurrent at a point.

Solution
106

Question Find the locus of the centre of circles which bisect the circumference of
the circles 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 = 4 and 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 – 2𝒙 + 6𝒚 + 1 = 0

Solution
107

Question Find the locus of the centre of circles which bisect the circumference of
the circles 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 = 4 and 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 – 2𝒙 + 6𝒚 + 1 = 0

Ans. 2𝒙 – 6𝒚 – 15 = 0

Solution
108

RADICAL CENTRE

Definition : The common point of intersection of the radical axis

of 3 circles taken 2 at a time is called the Radical Centre of three
circles, from this

S1 = 0 S2 = 0

(–g1, –f1) (–g2, –f2)

R.C.

(–g3, –f3) S3 = 0
109

System Of Two Circles

110

System Of Two Circles

111

System Of Two Circles

112

Question Let the point 𝑩 be the reflection of the point 𝑨(𝟐, 𝟑) with respect to the line
𝟖𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 − 𝟐𝟑 = 𝟎. Let A and B be circles of radii 𝟐 and 𝟏 with centres 𝑨
and 𝑩 respectively. Let 𝑻 be a common tangent to the circles A and B
such that both the circles are on the same side of 𝑻. If 𝑪 is the point of
intersection of 𝑻 and the line passing through 𝑨 and 𝑩, then the length of
Solution
the line segment 𝑨𝑪 is [JEE Advanced 2019]
113

Question Let the point 𝑩 be the reflection of the point 𝑨(𝟐, 𝟑) with respect to the line
𝟖𝒙 − 𝟔𝒚 − 𝟐𝟑 = 𝟎. Let A and B be circles of radii 𝟐 and 𝟏 with centres 𝑨
Ans. 10 and 𝑩 respectively. Let 𝑻 be a common tangent to the circles A and B
such that both the circles are on the same side of 𝑻. If 𝑪 is the point of
intersection of 𝑻 and the line passing through 𝑨 and 𝑩, then the length of
Solution
the line segment 𝑨𝑪 is [JEE Advanced 2019]
114

Question Let 𝑮 be a circle of radius 𝑹 > 𝟎. Let 𝑮𝟏 , 𝑮𝟐 , … , 𝑮𝒏 be 𝒏 circles of equal radius

𝒓 > 𝟎. Suppose each of the n circles 𝑮𝟏 , 𝑮𝟐 , … , 𝑮𝒏 touches the circle 𝑮
Ans. (C,D) externally. Also, for 𝒊 = 𝟏, 𝟐, … , 𝒏 − 𝟏, the circle 𝑮𝒊 touches 𝑮𝒊 𝟏 externally,
+
and 𝑮𝒏 touches 𝑮𝟏 externally. Then, which of the following statements
is/are TRUE?
[JEE Advanced 2022]
(A) If 𝒏 = 𝟒, then ( 𝟐 −𝟏)𝒓 < 𝑹 (B) If 𝒏 = 𝟓, then 𝒓 < 𝑹

(C) If 𝒏 = 𝟖, then ( 𝟐 − 𝟏)𝒓 < 𝑹 (D) If 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟐, then 𝟐 ( 𝟑 + 𝟏)𝒓 > 𝑹

Solution
115

Question Let 𝑨𝑩𝑪 be the triangle with 𝑨𝑩 = 𝟏, 𝑨𝑪 = 𝟑 and 𝑩𝑨𝑪 =

𝝅
. If a circle of
𝟐
radius 𝒓 > 𝟎 touches the sides 𝑨𝑩, 𝑨𝑪 and also touches internally the
Ans. (0.83 or 0.84) circumcircle of the triangle 𝑨𝑩𝑪, then the value of 𝒓 is _____________.
[JEE Advanced 2022]
Solution
116

Question
𝟐 𝟐
The circle 𝑪𝟏 : 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟑, with centre at 𝑶, intersects the parabola
𝟐
𝒙 = 𝟐𝒚 at the point 𝑷 in the first quadrant. Let the tangent to the circle
Ans. (A, B, C)
𝑪𝟏 at 𝑷 touches other two circles 𝑪𝟐 and 𝑪𝟑 at 𝑹𝟐 and 𝑹𝟑 , respectively.
Suppose 𝑪𝟐 and 𝑪𝟑 have equal radii 𝟐 𝟑 and centres 𝑸𝟐 and 𝑸𝟑 , respectively.
Solution If 𝑸𝟐 and 𝑸𝟑 lie on the 𝒚-axis, then- [JEE Advanced 2016]
(A) 𝑸𝟐 𝑸𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐
(B) 𝑹𝟐 𝑹𝟑 = 𝟒 𝟔

(C) area of the triangle 𝑶𝑹𝟐 𝑹𝟑 is 𝟔 𝟐

(D) area of the triangle 𝑷𝑸𝟐 𝑸𝟑 is 𝟒 𝟐

117
118

𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
Let the circles 𝑪𝟏 : 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟗 and 𝑪𝟐 : 𝒙 − 𝟑 + 𝒚 − 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟔, intersect at the points 𝑿
Question
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
and 𝒀. Suppose that another circle 𝑪𝟑 : 𝒙 − 𝒉 + 𝒚 − 𝒌 = 𝒓 satisfies the following
conditions:
(i) centre of 𝑪𝟑 is collinear with the centres of 𝑪𝟏 and 𝑪𝟐
(ii) 𝑪𝟏 and 𝑪𝟐 both lie inside 𝑪𝟑 , and
(iii) 𝑪𝟑 touches 𝑪𝟏 at 𝑴 and 𝑪𝟐 at 𝑵.
Let the line through 𝑿 and 𝒀 intersect 𝑪𝟑 at 𝒁 and 𝑾, and let a common tangent of 𝑪𝟏 and
𝟐
𝑪𝟑 be a tangent to the parabola 𝒙 = 𝟖𝜶𝒚.
There are some expression given in the List-I whose values are given in List-II below :
List-I List-II
(I) 𝟐𝒉 + 𝒌 (P) 𝟔
Length of 𝒁𝑾
(II) (Q) 𝟔
Length of 𝑿𝒀
Area of triangle 𝑴𝒁𝑵 𝟓
(III) (R)
Area of triangle 𝒁𝑴𝑾 𝟒
𝟐𝟏
(IV) 𝜶 (S)
𝟓

(T) 𝟐 𝟔
𝟏𝟎
(U)
𝟑
119
120

Question Which of the following is the only INCORRECT combination?

(A) (IV), (S) (B) (IV), (U) (C) (III), (R) (D) (I), (P)
[JEE Advanced 2019]
Ans. (A)

Solution
121

Question Which of the following is the only CORRECT combination?

(A) (II), (T) (B) (I), (S) (C) (I), (U) (D) (II), (Q)
Ans. (D) [JEE Advanced 2019]

Solution
122

Angle Between Two Circles

123

Angle Between a Line and a Circle

124

Question If the circles, S1 : 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 + 2𝒙 + 2k𝒚 + 6 = 0 and S2 : 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 + 2k𝒚 + k = 0

intersects orthogonally then find k.

Ans. k = 2, –3/2

Solution
125

Properties ORTHOGONALITY OF TWO CIRCLES

Note

Locus of the centre of a variable circle 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 + 2g𝒙 + 2ƒ𝒚 + c = 0

which cuts the 2 given circles 𝒙2 + 𝒚2 + 2g1𝒙 + 2ƒ1𝒚 + c1 = 0 and
𝒙2 + 𝒚2 + 2g2𝒙 + 2ƒ2𝒚 + c = 0 orthogonally is the radical axis of 2
given circles.
126

Question A circle S passes through the point (0, 1) and is orthogonal to the circles
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 − 𝟏 + 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟔 and 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟏. Then:- [JEE Advanced 2014]
Ans. (B,C) (A) radius of 𝑺 is 8 (B) radius of 𝑺 is 7
(C) centre of 𝑺 is (–7, 1) (D) centre is 𝑺 is (–8, 1)
Solution
127

Question Prove that the 2 circles which passes through the 2 points (0, a) and
(0, –a) and touches the straight line 𝒚 = mx + d will cuts orthogonally
if d2 = a2(2 + m2)

Solution
128