Design and Development of Miniaturized Circular Slot Antenna for

Communication Applications
Abdelkhalek Nasri, Zied Houaneb
Unité Circuit Systeme élctronique HF. Faculté des sciences de Tunis. Tunisie
Correspondence should be addressed to Abdelkhalek Nasri : [email protected]

February 8, 2016

Abstract good performance as SIW while achieves almost 50%

reduction in size [9]. However, compared with the mi-
Recently, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) crostrip circuits, the conventional cavity resonators of
technology has been widely used in the implementa- SIW and HMSIW are still too large to reduce their size.
tion of a compact, low-loss and cost effective compo- Developed from SIW and HMSIW, the quarter-mode
nents at microwave and millimeter-wave frequency. substrate integrated waveguide (QMSIW), which has
In this letter, a quarter mode substrate integrated nearly 75% reduction in SIW′s size [10]-[12].
waveguide (QMSIW) circular slot antenna is pre- In addition annular slot antennas have received much
sented for the first time. The proposed antenna is attention and are attractive for some applications due
25% the size of the substrate integrated waveguide
to their light weight, small size, ease of fabrication,
(SIW) antenna. It is simulated and optimized with
integration with other circuits and their circular sym-
CST and HFSS softwares and its radiation proper-
ties are investigated. This design exhibits a band- metry of geometry and radiation patterns [13, 14].
width of 11.5% for S11 < -10dB. In particular, the So, we present in this paper a novel circular slot an-
gain is higher than 3.72 dB. The antenna is de- tenna based on the SIW technique in the millimeter-
signed for around 5.2 GHz and it is considered as wave. First of all, we design and optimize the SIW
an advantage for communication applications. slot antenna in millimeter-wave with Ansoft High Fre-
quency Structure Simulator (HFSS) and CST Mi-
Key word – quarter mode substrate integrated crowave Studio. Then, we design a quart circular slot
waveguide, circular slot antenna, substrate inte- antenna based on a quart mode substrate integrated
grated waveguide. communication applications. waveguide (QMSIW) for communication applications.

1 Introduction
During the recent years, modern wireless communi-
cation and radar systems have an increasing demand 2 SIW CIRCULAR RES-
for high-performance, easy-integrated and compact mi-
crowave antennas so that to realize the concept of many ONATOR
systems. Several techniques have been developed in or-
der to meet these requirements.
A new emerging technique called the substrate inte- Figure 1 presents the configuration of the proposed
grated waveguide (SIW), which is proposed around SIW circular resonator which consists of a dielectric
2001 [1], is considered as an attractive alternative to re- filled waveguide, which is synthesized in a planar sub-
alize high-performance and easy-integrated microwave strate with arrays of metallic vias, in order to realize
components [2], [3]. Therefore, the size reduction of circular edge walls. The underside, which presents the
the SIW is considered as a challenging task for the ground plane, is fully metalized. A disc of radius R,
researchers [4]. Noting that, the size can be reduced which is etched on the upper surface.
considerably by using FSIW technique. However, this
technique has a shortcoming which is it employs multi- The three geometrical parameters on which the res-
layer structure that increases the costs and complex- onant frequency of this SIW circular cavity resonator
ity during fabrication. In the recent literature some depends are as follows: radius of cavity (R), metallic
works on HMSIW based on slot antenna are available via spacing (s), and the via pitch size. The resonant
[5]-[7].The half-mode substrate integrated waveguide frequency of the SIW circular cavity resonator for the
(HMSIW), which is derived from SIW [8], achieves a dominant mode is given below.

1
 The structure of a SIW patch antenna is shown in
Figure 1. The substrate FR4 epoxy with a thickness of
a height h = 3.2 mm, εr = 4.4 and loss tangent equal to
0.025. Its dimensions are given as R = 19 mm. The di-
ameter of the metallic vias is 0.45 mm and the spacing
between the metallic vias is s = 0.8 mm. The annular
slots are concentrated on the central circular patch the
excitation is launched through a 50Î c coaxial probe.
The field point of the coaxial probe reaches the 5mm
in the center.

Figure 1: Geometry of the proposed SIW circular res-

onator

cχnp
fr = √ (1)
2πRef f µr εr

D2
 
Where Ref f = R − ; Ref f is the effective
0.95w
radius of the resonator, R is the radius of the resonator,
D is the diameter of the metallic vias, s is the spacing
between the metallic vias, c is the velocity of light in
free space, εr and µr are the relative permittivity and
permeability of the substrate, χnp is the pth root of the
Bessel function Jn (kca) = 0, n is the periodicity in the
azimuthal direction and p is the number of zeros of the
field in the radial direction. Figure 2: Geometrical configurations of the proposed
SIW circular slot antenna

3 SIW CIRCULAR SLOT AN- The widths of the first slot are optimized and lim-
ited to w1 = 0.5mm at 15mm to center and of the
TENNA second one to w2 = 0.5mm at 9mm and thus in or-
der not to ensure a discontinuity on the field until its
attenuation. The return losses of gap coupled annular
In order to have a controller radiation, which is a ring are shown in Figure 3 for different value of gap
combination of circular SIW antenna technology and length.
annular slot geometry, concentric annular slot SIW
antenna is effective for these results. Two slots in
maximum distributions of wave′s leaks are added. The
antenna radiation is created through this discontinuity
field on the patch[15].
It is obvious, as expected; the feeding is not so simple.
As a methods to generate transition between the
patch and the excitation support, such as microstrip
to SIW transition and grounded coplanar waveguide
to SIW, have been introduced [16, 17],a result shows
that there has been undesirable radiation owing to
the feeding network and reduced radiation efficiency
caused by back radiation in the opposite side of
the main direction. In this paper, a coaxial probe
having low-loss and broadband impedance matching
characteristics is proposed in order to overcome
problems such as feeding loss, undesirable radiation, Figure 3: Variation of return loss with frequency for
and reduced efficiency. different gap length

2
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