Intermediate 2nd Year Maths 2A Complex Numbers Important Questions

Question 1.
If z1 = -1, z2 = i then find Arg (z1z2) (AP Mar. 17) (TS Mar.’ 16; May ‘11)

Solution:
Z1 = -1 = cos π + i sin π
⇒ Arg z1 = π
z2 = i = cos π2 + i sin π2
⇒ Arg z2 = π2
⇒ Arg (z1z2) = Arg z1 – Arg z2 = π – π2.

= π2
Question 2.
If z = 2 – 3i, show that z2 – 4z + 13 = 0. (Mar. ‘08)
Solution:
∴ z = 2 – 3i
⇒ z – 2 = -3i
⇒ (z – 2)2 = (-3i)2
⇒ z2 – 4z + 4 = 9i2
⇒ z2 – 4z + 4 = 9(-1)
⇒ z2 – 4z + 13 = 0

Question 3.
Find the multiplicative inverse of 7 + 24i. (TS Mar. 16)
Solution:
Since (x + iy)[x−iyx2+y2] = 1, it follows that the multiplicative inverse of (x + iy) is x−iyx2+y2

Hence the multiplicative inverse of 7 + 24i is

Question 4.
Write the following complex numbers in the form A + iB. (2 – 3i) (3 + 4i) (AP Mar. ’17)
Solution:
(2 – 3i) (3 + 4i) = 6 + 8i – 9i – 12i2
= 6 – i + 12
= 18 – i = 18 + i(-1)

Question 5.
Write the following complex numbers in the form A + iB. (1 + 2i) 3 (TS Mar. ’17)
Solution:
(1 + 2i)3 = 1 + 3.i2.2i + 3.1. 4i2 + 8i3
= 1 + 6i – 12 – 8i
= -11 – 2i = (-11) + i(-2)

Question 6.
Write the conjugate of the following complex number 5i7+i (AP Mar. ’15)
Solution:

Question 7.
Find a square root for the complex number 7 + 24i. (Mar. ‘14)
Solution:
7 + 24i

Question 8.
Find a square root for the complex number 3 + 4i (Mar. ’13)
Solution:

Question 9.
Express the following complex numbers in modulus amplitude form. 1 – i (AP Mar. 15)
Solution:
1–i
Let 1 – i = r (cos θ + i sin θ)
Equating real and imaginary parts
r cos θ = 1
r sin θ = -1
⇒ θ lies in IV quadrant .
Squaring and adding
r2 (cos2 θ + sin2 θ) = 1 + 1 = 2
r2 = 2 ⇒ r = 2–√
tan θ = -1
⇒ θ = -π/4

Question 10.
Express the complex numbers in modulus — amplitude form 1 + i 3–√ (TS Mar. ’17)
Solution:
1 + i3–√ = r (cos θ + i sin θ)
Equating real and imaginary parts
r cos θ = 1 —– (1)
r sin θ = 3–√ —– (2)
θ lies in I quadrant
Squaring and adding (1) and (2)
r2 (cos2 θ – sin2 θ) = 1 + 3
r2 = 4 ⇒ r = 2
Dividing (2) by (1)

Question 11.
If the Arg z¯¯¯1 and Arg z2 are π5 and π3 respectively, find (Arg z1 + Arg z2) (AP Mar. ’16)
Solution:
Arg z¯¯¯1 = π5 ⇒ Arg z1 = – Arg z1 = – π5
Arg z2 = π3
∴ Arg z1 + Arg z2 = – π5 + π3
= −3π+5π15 = 2π15
Question 12.
If |z – 3 + i| = 4 determine the locus of z. (May. ’14)
Solution:
Let z = x + iy
Given |z – 3 + i| = 4
|x + iy – 3 + i| = 4
⇒ (x – 3) + i(y + 1) = 4
⇒ (x−3)2+(y+1)2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√ = 4
⇒ (x – 3)2 + (y + 1)2 = 16
⇒ x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 + 2y + 1 = 16
⇒ x2 + y2 – 6x + 2y – 6 = 0
∴ The locus õf z is x2 + y2 – 6x + 2y – 6 = 0

Question 13.
The points P, Q denote the complex numbers z 1, z2 in the Argand diagram. O is the origin. If z1z2 + z2z1 = 0, show that
POQ = 90°. (Mar. ‘07)
Solution:
Let z1 = x1 + iy1 and z2 = x2 + iy2

Question 14.
Find the real and imaginary parts of the complex number a+iba−ib. (TS Mar. 15)
Solution:

Question 15.
Write z = –7–√ + i21−−√ in the polar form. (Mar. ’11)
Solution:

Since the given point lies in the second quadrant we look for a solution of tan θ = – 3–√ that lies in [π2,π], we find that
θ = 2π3 is such a solution.

Question 16.
z = x + iy and the point P represents z in the Argand plane and ∣∣z−az+a¯∣∣ = 1, Re (a) ≠ 0, then find the locus of P. (TS
Mar. ’17)
Solution:
Let z = x + iy and a = α + iβ
Locus of P is x = 0 i.e., Y – axis
Question 17.
If x + iy = 11+cosθ+isinθ, show that 4x2 – 1 = 0 (AP Mar. ’16, TS Mar. ’17, ’15, ’06 )
Solution:
Equating real parts on both sides, we have
x = 12
2x = 1
⇒ 4x2 = 1
4x2 – 1 = 0
Question 18.
If (3–√ + 1)100 = 299 (a + ib), then show that a2 + b2 = 4. (AP Mar. ‘16)
Solution:
Question 19.
Show that the points in the Argand diagram represented by the complex numbers 2 + 2i, -2 – 2i, 2 3–√ + 23–√i are the
vertices of an equilateral triangle. (Mar ‘07)
Solution:
A (2, 2), B (-2, -2), C (-23–√, 23–√) represents the given complex number in the Argand diagram.

Question 20.
Show that the points in the Argand plane represented by the complex numbers -2 + 7i, – 32, +12i, 4 – 3i, 72(1 + i) are the
vertices of a rhombus. (June 04) (TS Mar. ’16; AP Mar.’15 ’05; May ’05)
Solution:
A(-2, 7), B(-32, 12), C(4, -3), D(72, 72) represents the given complex numbers in the Argand diagram.
∴ AB2 = BC2 = CD2 = DA2
⇒ AB = BC = CD = DA
AC2 = (-2 – 4)2 + (7 + 3)2
= 36 +100 = 136
(BD)2 = (-32 – 72)2 + (12 – 72)2
= 25 + 9 = 34
AC ≠ BD
A, B, C, D are the vertices of a Rhombus.
Question 21.
Show that the points in the Argand diagram represented by the complex numbers z 1, z2, z3 are collinear, if and only if
there exists three real numbers p, q, r not all zero, satisfying pz 1 + qz2 + rz3 = 0 and p + q + r = 0. (Mar. ‘07)
Solution:
pz1 + qz2 + rz3 = 0
⇔ rz3 = -pz1 – qz2
⇔ z3 = −pz1−qz2r ∵ r ≠ 0
∵p+q+r=0
⇔ r = -p – q
⇔ z3 = −(pz1+qz2)−(p+q)
⇔ z3 = pz1+qz2p+q
⇔ z3 = pz1+qz2p+q
⇔ z3 divides line segment joining z1, z2 in the ratio q : p
⇔ z1, z2, z3 are collinear
Question 22.
If the amplitude of (z−2z−6i)π2, find its locus. (Mar. ’06)

Solution:
Let z = (x + iy)

Hence a = 0 and b > 0

∴ x(x – 2) + y(y – 6) = 0
or x2 + y2 – 2x – 6y = 0.

Question 23.
If x + iy = 32+cosθ+isinθ then show that x2 + y2 = 4x – 3 (TS Mar ’17)
Solution:

Equating real and imaginary parts on both sides, we have

Question 24.
Express 4+2i1−2i + 3+4i2+3i in the form a + ib, a ∈ R, b ∈ R.
Solution:

Question 25.
Find the real and imaginary parts of the complex number a+iba−ib (TS Mar ’15)
Solution:

Question 26.
Express (1 – 3)3 (1 + i) in the form of a + ib.
Solution:
(1 – i)3 (1 + j) = (1 – j)2 (1 – i) (1 + j)
= (1 + i2 – 2i) (12 – i2)
= (1 – 1 – 2i) (1 + 1)
= 0 – 4i = 0 + i (-4)

Question 27.
Find the multiplicative inverse of 7 + 24i. (TS. Mar. ’16 )
Solution:
Since (x + iy)[x−iyx2+y2] = 1, it follows that the multiplicative inverse

of
Question 28.
Determine the locus of z, z ≠ 2i, such that Re(z−4z−2i) = 0

Solution:
Let z = x + iy
Hence the locus of the given point representing the complex number is the circle with (2, 1) as centre and 5–√ units as
radius, excluding the point (0, 2).
Question 29.
If 4x + i (3x – y) = 3 -6i where x and y are real numbers, then find the values of x and y.
Solution:
∵ 4x + i(3x – y) = 3 – 6i
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get 4x = 3 and 3x – y = -6
4x = 3 and 3x – y = -6
⇒ x = 3/4 and 3(34) – y = -6
94 + 6 = y
⇒ y = 334
∴ x = 34 and y = 334

Question 30.
If z = 2 – 3i, show that z2 – 4z + 13 = 0. (Mar. ’08)
Solution:
∴ z = 2 – 3i
⇒ z – 2 = – 3i
⇒ (z – 2)2 = (-3i)2
⇒ z2 – 4z + 4 = 9i2
⇒ z2 – 4z + 13 = 0
⇒ z2 – 4z + 4 = 9

Question 31.
Find the complex conjugate of (3 + 4i) (2 – 3i).
Solution:
The given complex number is
(3 + 4i) (2 – 3i) = 6 + 8i – 9i – 12i2
= 6 – i – 12(-1) = 18 + i
Its complex conjugate is 18 + i

Question 32.
Show that z1 = 2+11i25, z2 = −2+i(1−2i)2, are conjugate to each other.
Solution:

Since, this complex number is the conjugate of 2+11i25, the two given complex numbers
are conjugate to each other.
Question 33.
Find the square root of (-5 + 12i).
Solution:
We have a+ib−−−−−√ =
In this example a = -5, b = 12

Question 34.
Write z = –7–√ + i21−−√ in the polar form. (Mar ’11)
Solution:

Since the given point lies in the second quadrant we look for a solution of
tan θ = – 3–√ that lies in [π2, π] we find that θ = 2π3 is such a solution.
∴ –7–√ + i21−−√ = 27–√ cis 2π3
(or) 27–√(cos 2π3 + i sin 2π3)
Question 35.
Express -1 – i in polar form with principle value of the amplitude.
Solution:
Let -1 – i = r (cos θ + i sin θ), then
-1 = r cos θ, -1 = r sin θ, tan θ = 1 ——— (1)
∴ r2 = 2
⇒ r = ±2–√
Since θ is positive, -π < θ < π, the value θ satisfying the equation (1) is
θ = -135° = −3π4

Question 36.
If the amplitude of (z−2z−6i)π2, find its locus. (Mar. ’06)

Solution:

By hypothesis, amplitude of a + ib = π2
So π2 = tan-1 ba
Hence a = 0 and b > 0
∴ x(x – 2) + y(y – 6) = 0
or x2 + y2 – 2x – 6y = 0.
Question 37.
Show that the equation of any circle in the complex plane is of the form z z¯¯¯ + bz¯¯¯ + bz¯¯¯ + c = 0, 1(b ∈ C, c ∈ R).
Solution:
Assume the general form of the equation of a circle in cartesian co-ordinates as
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, (g, f ∈ R) —— (1)
To write this equation in the complex variable form, let (x, y) = z.
Then z+z¯2 = x, z−z¯2i
= y = −i(z−z¯)2
∴ x2 + y2 = |z|2 = zz¯¯¯
Substituting these results in equation (1), we obtain
zz¯¯¯ + g(z + z¯¯¯) + f(z – z¯¯¯)(-i) + c = 0
i.e., zz¯¯¯ + (g – if)z + (g + if)z¯¯¯ + c = 0 ——-(2)
If (g + if) = b, then equation (2) can be written as z z¯¯¯ + b¯¯¯z + bz¯¯¯ + c = 0
Question 38.
Show that the complex numbers z satisfying z 2 + (z¯¯¯)2 = 2 constitute a hyperbola.
Solution:
Substituting z = x + iy in the given equation
z2 + (z¯¯¯)2 = 2, we obtain the cartesian form of the given equation.
∴ (x + iy)2 + (x – iy)2 = 2
i.e., x2 – y2 + 2ixy + x2 – y2 – 2ixy = 2
i.e., x2 – y2 = 1.
Since, this equation denotes a hyperbola, all the complex numbers satisfying

lie on the hyperbola x2 – y2 = 1.

Question 39.
Show that the points in the Argand diagram represented by the complex numbers 1 + 3i, 4 – 3i, 5 – 5i are collinear.
Solution:
Let the three complex numbers be represented in the Argand plane by the points P, Q, R respectively. Then P = (1, 3), Q
= (4, -3), R = (5, -5). The slope of the line segment joining P,Q is 3+31−4 = 6−3 = -2.
Similarly the slope of the line segment joining Q, R is −3+54−5 = 2−1 = -2.
Since the slope of PQ is the slope of QR, the points P, Q and R are collinear.
Question 40.
Find the equation of the straight line joining the points represented by (- 4 + 3i), (2 – 3i) in the Argand plane.
Solution:
Take the given points as
A = -4 + 3i = (-4, 3)
B = 2 – 3i = (2, -3)
Then equation of the straight line AB←→ is
y – 3 = 3+3−4−2(x + 4)
i.e., x + y + 1 = 0.
Question 41.
z = x + iy represents a point in the Argand plane, find the locus of z. Such that |z| = 2.
Solution:
|z| = 2, z = x + iy
if x2+y2−−−−−−√ = 2
if x2+y2−−−−−−√ = 2
if and only if x2 + y2 = 4
The equation x2 + y2 = 4 represents the circle with centre at the origin (0, 0) and radius 2 units.
∴ The locus of |z| = 2 is the circle
x2 + y 2 = 4
Question 42.
The point P represents a complex number z in the Argand plane. If the amplitude of z is π4, determine the locus of P.
Solution:
Let z = x + iy.
By hypothesis, amplitude of z = π4
Hence tan-1 (yx) = π4 and yx = tan π4
Hence x = y
∴ The locus of P is x = y.

Question 43.
If the point P denotes the complex number z = x + iy in the Argand plane and if z−iz−1 is a purely imaginary number,
find the locus of P.
Solution:
We note that the quotient z−iz−1 is not defined if z = 1.

∴ The locus of P is the circle

x2 + y 2 – x – y = 0
excluding the point (1, 0).
Question 44.
Describe geometrically the following subsets of C.
i) {z ∈ C| |z – 1 + i| = 1}
ii) {z ∈ C| |z + i| ≤ 3|
Solution:
i) Let S = {z ∈ C| z – 1 + i| = 1}
If we write z = (x, y), then
S = {(x, y) ∈ R2||x + iy – 1 + i| = 1}
= {x, y) ∈ R2 || x + i(y – 1)| ≤ 3}
= {(x, y) ∈ R2 || (x – 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = i}
Hence S is a circle with centre (1, -1) and radius 1 unit.

ii) Let S’ = {z ∈ C || z + i| ≤ 3}
Then S = {(x, y ∈ R2 || x + iy + i| ≤ 3}
= {(x, y) ∈ R2 || x2 + i(y + 1) ≤ 3}
= {(x, y) ∈ R2 || x2 + (y + 1)2 ≤ 9}
Hence S’ is the closed circular disc with centre at (0, -1) and radius 3 units.