1

University of Buea Faculty of Science

Department of Mathematics
MAT 202: Calculus II
Tutorial Sheets I: Differentiation and Integration
Instructor: Nana C.

1 DIFFERENTIATION
1.1 Background on Continuity
1. Prove that the function x 7→ f (x) = 1
x
is continuous but not uniformly on R∗ .
2. Prove that the function x 7→ f (x) = sin x is uniformly continuous R.
3. A point x0 is called a fixed point of a function f if f (x0 ) = x0 . Let f :
[0, 1] → [0, 1] be a continuous function. Prove that f has a fixed point in [0, 1].
(Hint:Apply the Intermediate Value Theorem to the function g(x) = f (x) − x
on [0, 1].)
Is this result true if we replace [0, 1] by any compact interval [a, b], (a < b)?
Justify your answer.
4. A homeomorphism is a function that is continuous, bijective and has con-
tinuous inverse.
 π π
(a) Consider the functions
 π π g :]0, 1[→ − 2 , 2 defined by g(x) = πx − π2 and
the function h : − 2 , 2 → R defined by h(x) = tan x. Prove that g and
h are homeomorphisms and deduce that there is a homeomorphism from
R onto ]0, 1[.
x
(b) Prove that the function f : R →] − 1, 1[ defined by f (x) = 1+|x|
is a
homeomorphism.

1.2 Differentiable functions: Definition, Rolle’s Theorem,

Mean-Value Property
1. Investigate f for differentiability:
p p
a) f (x) = x + |x|, b) f (x) = x + |x2 −  1|, c) f (x) = x − |4 − x2 |, d)
  x ln x if x≥1
2x − 1 if x ≥ −2 2
f (x) = , e) f (x) = x if 0 ≤ x < 1 .
ln (−x) if x < −2  −x
xe if x<0
2. Define f (x) = |x3 (1 − x)| for all x ∈ R. At what points is the function f : R →
R differentiable?
 2
3x if x ≤ 1
3. Find the real numbers a and b such that the function g(x) =
a + bx if x > 1
is differentiable at x0 = 1.
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4. Suppose that the function f : R → R has the property that for all x ∈ R,
−x2 ≤ f (x) ≤ x2 . Prove that f is differentiable at x0 = 0 and that f ′ (0) = 0.

5. Suppose that f : R → R is differentiable at x0 .

xf (x0 )−x0 f (x)
(a) Prove that lim x−x0
= f (x0 ) − x0 f ′ (x0 ).
x→x0
f (x0 +h)−f (x0 −h)
(b) Analyse the limit lim h
.
h→0
f (x0 +h)+f (x0 −h)−2f (x)
(c) If f ′′ (x0 ) exits, show that f ′′ (x0 ) = lim h2
.
h→0

6. Let f be a function defined on a neighbourhood of x0 . Prove that f is differ-

entiable at x0 if and only if the discontinuity of the function h : x 7→ h(x) =
f (x)−f (x0 )
x−x0
at x0 is removable.

7. Suppose that f and g are differentiable functions at x0 such that f (x0 ) =

g(x0 ) = 0 and g ′ (x0 ) ̸= 0.
f (x) f ′ (x0 )
(a) Show that lim = g ′ (x0 )
.
x→x0 g(x)

(b) Deduce the following limits:

ex −1
a) lim sin x
x
; b) lim tanx x ; c) lim 1−cosx
x
; d) lim ln(1+x)x
; e) lim ; f)
x→0
√ √ x→0 x→0 x→0 x→0 x
2
lim x+1−
x−1
2 1−cos x
; g) lim ln(1+x 2 ) ; h) lim
sin 4x
; i) limπ tan 5x
; j) lim x ; k)
x→1 x→0 x→0 2x x→ tan 3x 2
x→0 cos x−1

lim cosh x−cos x

x2
; l) limtan x−x
; m) lim x(ex +1)−2(ex −1)
x2
; n) lim Arcsin(2x)−2
x2
Arcsinx .
x→0 x→0 x−sin x x→0 x→0

8. Show that the equation x5 + 10x + 3 = 0 has a unique real root.

9. Show that the equation 3x − 2 + cos( π2x ) = 0 has a unique real root.

10. Consider the function g : x 7→ x4 + 2x2 − 6x + 2.

(a) Prove that the equation 4x3 + 4x − 6 = 0 has a unique real root x0 ∈]0, 1.[
(b) Deduce that x0 is the only critical number of g and that g(x0 ) < 0.
(c) Prove that g is invertible from ]−∞, x0 ] onto [g(x0 ), +∞[ and there exists
a unique a0 ∈] − ∞, x0 ] such that g(a0 ) = 0.
(d) Prove that g is invertible from [x0 , +∞[ onto [g(x0 ), +∞[ and there exists
a unique b0 ∈ [x0 , +∞[ such that g(b0 ) = 0.
(e) Deduce that the equation x4 +2x2 −6x+2 = 0 has exactly two real roots.
x+1
11. Let f (x) = x−1 . Show that there is no value of c such that f (2) − f (0) =
′
f (c)(2 − 0). Why does this not contradict the Mean Value Theorem? Explain.
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1.3 Differentiable functions: Extrema, Taylor’s expansion,

Graphing of functions
1. Show that the function f : x 7→ x2 − x4 does not attain a global minimum at
x0 = 0, but it attains a local minimum at x0 = 0.

2. In each case below, investigate f for relative extrema and determine the table
of variations of f.
1+x 2
a) f (x) = |1 + x|, b) f (x) = (x − 2)3 , c) f (x) = x4 − 2x2 , d) f (x) = 1−x 2 , e)
x 2 −x
p
2
f (x) = e − x, f) f (x) = x e , g) f (x) = |x − 1|, h) f (x) = cos x +
1
2
cos(2x).

3. Find the constants a, b, c and d so that the function f : x 7→ ax3 + bx2 + cx + d

will have a relative extremum at the point (0, 3) and so that the graph of f
will a point of inflection at (1, −1).

4. Discuss the curve y = f (x) with respect to local extrema, table of variations,
concavity and inflection points
2
a) f (x) = x3 + 4x, b) f (x) = x4 + 24x3 − 8x2 , c) f (x) = (1−x)
(4−x)3
, d) f (x) =
1+x2
p
1−x2
, e) f (x) = ex − x, f) f (x) = x2 e−x , g) f (x) = |x2 − 1|, h) f (x) =
cos x + 21 cos(2x).

5. In each case below, find the Taylor polynomial of degree n.

1
√
a) f (x) = x−2 , x0 = 1, n = 3, b) f (x) = x3 , x0 = 4, n = 3, c) f (x) =
2 −1 2
sin x, x0 = π6 , n = 5, d) f (x) = 4x , e) f (x) = x −4x+3 , f) f (x) =
√ 2x+1 x+1
2
x + 1, x0 = 2, n = 2, g) f (x) = ln(2 + x), x0 = −1, n = 3.

6. Use Taylor’s polynomial to express the polynomial

a) P (x) = 1+3x+5x2 −2x3 in powers of x+1; b) P (x) = x4 −x3 +2x2 −3x+1
in powers of x − 1.
2 1+x+x2
7. Write e2x−x in powers of x up to order 5. Do the same for 1−x+x2
up to order
4.

8. Investigate the possibility of applying l’Hospital’s rule or any other technique

to
x2 sin x1 x−sin x 1−cos x

x
a) lim ; b) lim ; c) lim ; d) lim (2−x) tan πx ; e) lim+ ln x1 ; f)
x→0 sin x x→∞ x+sin x x→0 x x→1 2 x→0
1 1
sin x tan x



lim x
x2 ; g) lim x
x2 ; h) lim+ xε ln x, (ε > 0).
x→0 x→0 x→0

9. Investigate f and sketch its graph.

x 2
a) f (x) = 2x3 − 6x + 1, b) f (x) = x4 + 24x3 − 8x2 , c) f (x) = x−1 , d)
2
x −1
p
x 2 −x
f (x) = x2 −4 , e) f (x) = e − x, f) f (x) = x e , g) f (x) = x + |x2 − 1|
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2
, f) f (x) = |x|ex , g) f (x) = x x+2x−1
2 −1 h) f (x) = cos x + 12 cos(2x) , i) f (x) =
 ex −e−x
 ex +e−x if x ≤ 0
, j) g(x) = x + lnxx and f (x) = x2 + 1 − ln x.
x ln x1 if x > 0.


10. Take home Assignment

(a) Show that the function f : x 7→ ax+b

cx+d
has neither relative maximum nor
relative minimum unless f is a constant function.
(b) Show that f : x 7→ x3 + 3px + q has either a relative maximum and a
relative minimum or neither.
(c) i. Find the constants a and b so that the function f : x 7→ x3 + ax2 + b
will have a relative extremum at the point (2, 3).
ii. Find the constants a, b, c and d so that the function f : x 7→ ax3 +
bx2 +cx+d will have a relative extrema at the points (1, 2) and (2, 3).
(d) Find the constants a, b and c so that the function f : x 7→ ax2 + bx + c
will have a relative maximum of 7 at x0 = 1 and the point (2, −2) will
be in the graph of y = f (x).
(e) Find the constants a and b so that the function f : x 7→ ax3 + bx2 will
have a point of inflection at the point (1, 2).
(f) Let f : x 7→ x3 + 3mx + 5, where m is a real parameter. Prove that
i. if m > 0, then f has no relative extrema;
ii. if m < 0, then f has both a relative maximum value and a relative
minimum value.
(g) Prove, using the table of variation, the following:
i. |3x − x3 | ≤ 2 for all |x| ≤ 2;
2
ii. 32 ≤ x21+x
+x+1
≤ 2 for all x ∈ R;
2x
iii. π
≤ sin x ≤ x for all 0 ≤ x ≤ π2 .

2 INTEGRATION
2.1 Definite Integrals, Lower and Upper Riemann-Darboux
Sums
1. Find the lower and the upper Darboux sums for the constant function f :
[a, b] → R defined by f (x) = c.

2. Use a regular partition to find the lower and the upper Darboux sums for
f : [1, 3] → R, x 7→ 1 − x and for g : [−1, 2] → R, x 7→ 1 − x2 .
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3. Suppose f is monotone increasing on [a, b] and Pn denote the uniform partition

on [a, b] in n subintervals. Prove that
Z b
b−a
0 ≤ U (f, Pn ) − f (x)dx ≤ (f (b) − f (a)).
a n

4. Evaluate the upper and lower Darboux sums for f (x) = x1 on the interval [1, 2]
k
for the partition Pn with division points xk = 2 n for 0 ≤ k ≤ n. Verify that
lim U (f, Pn ) = lim L(f, Pn ).
n→∞ n→∞

5. Show that the following functions are integrable

R a on [0, a], a > 0, by using the
lower and upper Darboux sums and evaluate 0 f (x)dx.
a) f (x) = x, a = 2; b) f (x) = x2 , a > 0; c) f (x) = sin x, a = π; d)
f (x) = ex , a = 3.
(Hint: Use regular partitions).
6. Suppose f is continuous and non-decreasing on [a, b], a < b, and Pn is a par-
tition of [a, b] into n subintervals of equal lentgh. Show that
b−a
U (f, Pn ) − L(f, Pn ) = (f (b) − f (a)).
n

7. Show that
 the following functions are not Riemann integrable on [a, b]. a)
1 if x ∈ [a, b] ∩ Q x if x ∈ [a, b] ∩ Q
f (x) = ; b) f (x) = .
0 if x ∈ [a, b] ∩ Qc −x if x ∈ [a, b] ∩ Qc
8. Compute the following limits
n n n q
1 k−1 1 k−1 1p +2p +···+np
P P P
a) lim n+k
; b) lim n2
; c) lim n n
; d) lim np+1
, p>
n→∞ k=1 n→∞ k=1 n→∞ k=1 n→∞
n n n n q
π
sin πk 2
ln 1 + 2k n n+k
P P
P P
0; e) lim n n
; f) lim n n
; g) lim 2 2 ; h) lim n4
;
n→∞ k=1 n→∞ k=1 n→∞ k=1 n +k n→∞ k=1

5
5
5 
i) lim n1 1 + n1 + 1 + n2 + · · · + 1 + nn .
n→∞
R x3 2
9. Find the derivatives of the following functions: a) F (x) = x2
e−t dt; b)
R x2 R cos θ 1
F (x) = x2 0 sint t dt; c) F (θ) = sin θ 1−x 2 dx.

d √ Rt
10. Find dx F ( x) if F (t) = 0 cos x2 dx.
 √
R3  1 + x2 if 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
11. Find 0 f (x)dx where f (x) = 2 if 1 < x ≤ 2 .
x−2 if 2 < x ≤ 3


12. Let f be an integrable function on [−a, a], a > 0. Prove that

Ra Ra
(a) −a f (x)dx = 2 0 f (x)dx if f is even;
Ra
(b) −a f (x)dx = 0 if f is odd.
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2.2 Antiderivatives, Techniques of Integration, Improper In-

tegrals
x 1
R R
1. Find the following antiderivatives a) F (x) = (4x2 +1)5
dx; b) F (x) = x2 +6x+13
dx;
R
c) F (x) = tan x ln cos xdx.
R
2. If f is continuous andRstrictly monotone (i.e. f is invertible) and f (x)dx =
F (x) + C, prove that f −1 (x)dx = xf −1 (x) − F ◦ f −1 (x) + C.
What does this give for
a) f (x) = ex , b) f (x) = 2x , c) f (x) = ex − e−x , d) f (x) = 2x+3
3x−1
, e) f (x) = x3 .
R
3. Use tabular integrals to find f (x)dx.
√ √
3
5 2
a) f (x) = (1 + x)5 , b) f (x) = (x2 − 2)3 , c) f (x) = x−3√ 7x
x +1
, d) f (x) =
x 1 1
√
3
1−x2
, e) f (x) = 1−cos x , f) f (x) = 1+sin x , g) f (x) = 1 − 3x, h) f (x) =
√ 1 , i) f (x) = √
5
sin x+cos x
, j) f (x) = x ln1 x , k) f (x) = Arctan x
.
3x2 −2 sin x−cos x 1+x2

4. Use trigonometric
R substitutions x = a sin t, x = a cos t, x = tan t, a, t > 0, etc..
to find f (x)dx.
√ 3
a) f (x) = a2 − x2 , b) f (x) = √a21−x2 , c) f (x) = (4 + x2 ) 2 , d) f (x) =
1 1
√
√
3
1−x 2
, e) f (x) = √3 2
x +a2
, f) f (x) = 1 + x2 .

5. Use hyperbolicR substitutions x = a sinh t, x = a cosh t, x = tanh t, a, t >

0, etc.. to find f (x)dx.
√ x2
q
x−a
a) f (x) = a2 + x2 , b) f (x) = √4+x 2 , c) f (x) = x+a
, a > 0, d) f (x) =
√
a2 − x2 , a > 0.
R
6. Use integration by parts to find f (x)dx.
a) f (x)√= ln(x + 2), b) f (x) = x sin(2x), c) f (x) = xArctanx, d) f (x) =
2
Arctan x, e) f (x) = e2x sin(3x), f) f (x) = x3 ex .
R
7. Use partial fraction decompositions to find f (x)dx.
3x+2 x x
a) f (x) = x2 +3x−10
, b) f (x) = (2x+a)(x+b)(x+c)
, c) f (x) = x3 +1
, d) f (x) =
x3 4
x3 +1
, e) f (x) = xx4 −1
+1
, f) f (x) = 1
(x+1)(x2 +1)
.
Rπ
8. Let n ∈ N and consider In = 0
2
sinn xdx. Find a relationship between In and
Tn−1 and hence find I7 .

9. Find
√
(a) the mean of f : x 7→ (x2 + 1) x − 3 on [7, 12];
(b) the area of the region bounded by the curve y = 6−x−x2 and the x-axis;
(c) the area of the region bounded by the curves y = 6 − x − x2 and y =
x3 − 2x2 − 3x;
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(d) the length of the arc of the curve y 2 = 49 x3 from (0, 0) to (1, 2/3).

10. Evaluate
R3 R4 1 Rπ
a) 0 |2 − x|dx; b) 0 x3 (x2 + 1)− 2 dx; c) π sin5 xdx; d) sin2 x cos2 xdx; e)
R
R4 R4√ √
x cos(2x3 + 1)dx; f) x3 ln xdx; g) x2 tan−1 xdx; h) 0 xe x dx; i)
R 2 R
Re R π2 sin √x √x
e cos(3x)dx; j) 0 sin(ln x)dx; k) π29 2 √cos
R 2x
x
dx.
16

11. Evaluate
R x2 R0 √
1
a) √x21−a2 dx, a > 0; b) √2x−x
R R x
2 dx; c)
√
9−x 2 dx; d) − ln 2
e 1 + e2x dx; e)
Rπ R x2 +2
x cos(2x3 + 1)dx; f) 02 √ cos x 2 dx; g) x(x−1) 1
R 2 R
2 dx; h) 4x5 +4x3 +x
dx; i)
1+sin x
R π92 √ √
1 2sin x cos x
R R
x3 +9x
dx; j) sin(ln x)dx; f) π2
√
x
dx.
16
Rx

12. Solve the integral equation f (x) = π 1 + 0
f (t)dt .

13. Criticize the following erroneous calculations

Z 1
1 −1 1 1
2
dx = |−1 = −1 + = −2.
−1 x x −1

Exactly where did the error occur? Why is −2 an unreasonable value for the
integral?