1. refers to applications of scientific discoveries to the 36.

It does not require timing an activity or involve

development and improvement of goods and services continuous observation of the activity.
and/or the processes that produce or provide them. 37. It can be beneficial to focus on quality of work life and
2. Five basic process types instilling pride and respect among workers
3. is machinery that has sensing and control devices that 38. Behavioral Approaches to Job Design
enable it to operate automatically. 39. includes methods, procedures, and equipment used to
4. New emphasis is being placed on other factors of produce goods and provide services. This not only
performance ____ and ____ involves processes within an organization, it also
5. a diagram that shows elemental tasks and their extends to supply chain processes
precedence requirements. 40. Advantage of repetitive product layouts
6. can be used to avoid any inconsistencies by identifying 41. It has major implications for , _____, _____, and
key product or service dimensions and then selecting ________.
appropriate processes. 42. One way to improve productivity and reduce costs in
7. Job design importance services is to remove the customer from the process as
8. Important aspects of quality of work life: much as possible.
9. this type of process is sometimes referred to as 43. Standardized layout arranged according to a fixed
assembly. sequence of production tasks.
10. can often be categorized as product, process, or fixed- 44. Five group technology
position layouts. 45. is increasingly being tied to the success of the company
11. Advantage of non-repetitive or process layouts or division for which the executive is responsible
12. the grouping into part families of items with similar 46. Bakeries, ice cream, softdrinks are example of
design or manufacturing characteristics. 47. A system for linking a broad range of manufacturing
13. refers to deciding on the way production of goods or activities through an integrating computer system
services will be organized. 48. Commonly used work measurement techniques
14. The objectives that guide design of manufacturing 49. When a very high volume of nondiscrete, highly
layouts often pertain to ___ and ______. standardized output is desired
15. Emphasizes satisfaction of needs and wants of 50. Key element of operations strategy
employees 51. In developing work methods that are motion efficient,
16. Giving a worker a larger portion of the total task by the analyst attempts to:
horizontal loading 52.
17. Compensation based on time an employee has worked 53. that can handle varied processing requirements.
during the pay period. 54. are based on extensive research of basic elemental
18. Worker’s pay is a direct linear function of his or her motions and times.
output 55. which concern the percentage of a worker’s time that
19. Used to develop a time standard based on observations involves unavoidable delays or the proportion of time a
of one worker taken over a number of cycles. machine is idle.
20. 2 straight piece and base rate + bonus 56. Emphasizes a systematic, logic approach to job design
21. Historical times are other term for __ 57. It is important for organizations to develop suitable
22. are used to select a task that fits, and the task is compensation plans for their employees
assigned. Used to select a task when there are multiple 58. Companies are reaping gains through worker
eligible and fitting tasks to choose from. empowerment
23. used when a moderate volume of goods or services is 59. It is used when a low volume of high-variety goods or
desired, and it can handle a moderate variety in services will be needed
products or services 60. other term for Standard Elemental Times
24. Minimum wage legislation has reduced their popularity 61. Involve the use of published data on standard
25. A bonus is paid for ____ above the standard. elemental times.
26. Knowledge-based pay system 3 dimensions 62. Compensation approaches
27. may be the result of difficult or very long tasks. Parallel 63. _____ and _______ can have a major impact on costs,
workstations increase the work flow and provide productivity, and competitiveness.
flexibility 64. the maximum time allowed at each workstation to
28. INDIVIDUAL INCENTIVE PLANS complete its set of tasks on a unit
29. Workers periodically exchange jobs 65. the process of assigning tasks to workstations in such a
30. Reflect the managerial skills the worker is capable of. way that the workstations have approximately equal
31. Many organizations used to reward managers based time requirements.
on___ 66. by these systems include automobiles, television sets,
32. usually operates on a relatively small scale. pencils, and computers.
33. A refinement of Frederick Winslow Taylor's scientific 67. is a process where tasks are assigned one by one,
management concept starting at the first workstation.
34. Group incentive plans 68. Tend to stress sharing of productivity gains with
35. Give 2 motivations key factors employees
69. Reflect the variety of tasks the worker is capable of 99. Low cost and high volume are its
performing. 100. are undergoing transformations as the flow of
70. it is used for work that is nonroutine/nonrepetitive, paperwork is replaced with the increasing use of
with a unique set of objectives to be accomplished in a electronic communications.
limited time frame 101. is concerned with how long it should take to complete
71. These are beneficial for bottleneck operations which a job.
would otherwise disrupt the flow of product as it 102. affects not only workers’ overall sense of well-being
moves down the line. and contentment but also their productivity
72. least flexible. It uses high-cost, specialized equipment 103. Workers can be valuable sources of insight and
for fixed sequence of operations. creativity
73. Process technology and information technology can 104. Uses of work sampling
have a major impact on ___, ____, and _____ 105. The amount of time it should take a qualified worker to
74. in which the product or project remains stationary, and complete a specified task, working at a sustainable
workers, materials, and equipment are moved as rate, using ___-, ___- and___, ____ and ____
needed. 106. The number of observations to collect is a function of
75. Increasing responsibility for planning and coordination 107. In time, these standard elemental times can be
tasks, by vertical loading retrieved from the file, eliminating the need to go
76. is a key factor in many aspects of work life through a new time study to acquire them.
77. 108. It is ____ with either ___ or _____ since these are
78. A group of machines designed to handle intermittent considered a given when considering work
processing requirements and produce a variety of measurement
similar products. 109.
79. refers to the discovery and development of new or 110. Advantages and disadvantages for work sampling vs.
improved products, services, or processes for stopwatch time studies
producing or providing them. 111. Time based system advantages for management and
80. is an important factor that affects motivation workers
81. involves the use of high-cost, general-purpose
equipment controlled by a computer program and has
economically
82. Compensation based on amount of output an
employee produced during the pay period.
83. A technique for estimating the proportion of time that
a worker or machine spends on various activities and
idle time
84. Over time, a file of accumulated elemental times that
are common to many jobs will be collected.
85. Layout in which workstations are grouped into a cell
that can process items that have similar processing
requirements.
86. is the science and use of computers and other
electronic equipment to store, process, and send
information.
87. Developed in the 1940s by the Methods Engineering
Council.
88. Team takes a variety of form
89. The design of storage facilities presents a different set
of factors than the design of factory layouts.
90. groups empowered to make certain changes in their
work processes
91. A pay system used by organizations to reward workers
who undergo training that increases their skill.
92. Standardized layout arranged according to a fixed
sequence of assembly tasks.
93. can be machine paced (e.g., automatic car wash,
automobile assembly), worker paced (Jollibee)
94. Benefits of teams and team problems
95. uses standardized processing operations to achieve
smooth, rapid, high-volume flow.
96. form to collaborate on a topic or solve a problem
97. Success factors in job design success
98. Reflect quality and productivity results.
112. RISK LOCATION/FACILITY OPTIONS 141. There may be more favorable liability and labor laws,
113. companies often seek opportunities for expanding and less-restrictive environmental and other
markets for their goods and services, as well as better regulations.
serving existing customers by being more attuned to 142. BENEFITS OF LOCATION/FACILITY OPTIONS
local needs and having a quicker response time when
problem occurs.
114. these opportunities often create new issues for
management to deal with
115. The main considerations in choosing a site
116. generally yields scale economies as well a tighter
control than decentralized distribution, but it
sometimes incurs higher transportation costs.
117. Barriers to international trade such as tariffs and
quotas have been reduced or eliminated with trade
agreements
118. are usually found near the center of the markets they
serve
119. must address supply chain configuration.
120. The four primary region factors involve
121. may be quite different, so tactics that work well in one
country may not work in another, Increased travel
distances and related travel times and costs may result
in decreased tendency for face-to-face meetings and
management site visits
122. There are many important factors for deciding upon
the community 12 which more a business.
123. NAFTA
124. is a computer-based tools for collecting, storing,
retrieving, and displaying demographic data on maps
125. for many types of business are made infrequently, but
they tend to have a significant impact on the
organization.
126. Four options in location planning
127. Among the areas for potential cost saving are __, ___,
___, and ___.
128. GATT
129. ___ and____ are usually found near the center of the
markets they serve
130. For one thing, ___ to ____ is usually _____, nor is
concern about _____
131. This includes determining the number and location of
suppliers, production facilities, warehouse and
distribution centers.
132. DISADVANTAGES LOCATION/FACILITY OPTIONS
133. tends to be more responsive to local need.
134. are typically governed by somewhat different
considerations than manufacturing organizations in
making location decisions.
135. Two key factors in Facility Factors
136. Ways businesses use geographical information systems
137. Companies can avoid the impact of currency changes
that can occur when good are produced in one country
and sold in other countries.
138. The location of these facilities can involve _____, so
known ___ and ____ should be considered carefully
139. the way an organization approaches location decisions
often depends on its size and the nature or scope of its
operations.
140. ___ or ____ organizations tend to adopt a rather ____
to _____