QUALIFYING EXAMINATION FOR APPLICANTS FOR JAPANESE

GOVERNMENT (MONBUKAGAKUSHO) SCHOLARSHIPS 2022

EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
PHYSICS

Exercise List #5 (Solutions)

May 31, 2021

M.Sc. Thiago Felı́cio de Souza

[email protected]

1-1 Alternative C
If there is no friction, by conserving linear momentum and conserving energy, we have

1 2 1 2 1 2
0 = mvmax + M Vmax and k` = mvmax + M Vmax .
2 2 2
So s
2
m 2 kM `2
k`2 = mvmax
2
+ M 2 vmax =⇒ vmax = .
M m(m + M )

1-2 Alternative E
The slowest speed that the object needs to be launched in order to escape the gravitational attraction
will be r
mM 1 2 2GM p
−G + mvmin = 0 =⇒ vmin = = 2gR,
R 2 R
2
where g = GM/R .

1-3 Alternative C
From the equation of state of an ideal gas, pV = (m/M )RT =⇒ mT = m0 T0 =⇒ m = 9m0 /10 =
117 kg. Then, ∆m = m − m0 = −13 kg.

1-4 Alternative C
The electrical charge given by the battery to the capacitors will be

(C1 + C2 )C3 q (C1 + C2 )C3 ε

Ceq = = =⇒ q = .
C1 + C2 + C3 ε C1 + C2 + C3
But q3 = q1 + q2 = q, so
C2 C2 C1 q C1 C3 ε
q1 + q2 = q and q2 = q1 =⇒ q1 + q1 = q =⇒ q1 = = .
C1 C1 C1 + C2 C1 + C2 + C3

1-5 Alternative C
According to the Fig. 1-1
θ P r θ
h
sin θ = and sin θ = n sin φ. h
r
P O φ
That is
h h Fig. 1-1
= n sin φ =⇒ sin φ = .
r nr
1
2-1 Alternative D
It is known that ρ = −nq, so
N (−q)
ρ= =⇒ N = nabvt.
ab · vt
2-2 Alternative B
It will be equal to
∆q |ρ|abvt
I= = = |ρ|abv = nqabv.
∆t t
2-3 Alternative E
The magnetic force felt by each electron will be entering this page and has a module equal to
fmag = qvB sin 90◦ = qvB.

~
B
f~mag

~v
−q

Fig. 2-1

The three vectors in Fig. 2-1 are perpendicular to each other.

2-4 Alternative F
For the electrons to run parallel to the segment of the length c range, the electrical and magnetic
forces must be equal in magnitude (Fig. 2-2). Then
~
B
qvB = qE
f~mag
E = vB
Eb = bvB =⇒ V = bvB. −q
~v

f~el
Fig. 2-2
2-5 Alternative B
We have to
I IB IB
I = nqabv =⇒ n = = = .
qabv qaBbv qaV
3-1 Alternative G
In A, p0 V0 = RTA , and in C, (4p0 )(3V0 ) = RTC , so TC = 12TA .

3-2 Alternative F
Will be equal to WAB = p0 (3V0 − V0 ) = 2p0 V0 .

3-3 Alternative B
In A → B and B → C processes, the gas receives heat from the external environment: (i) QAB =
WAB + ∆UAB = 2p0 V0 + 23 p0 (3V0 − V0 ) = 5p0 V0 and (ii) QBC = 23 (3V0 )(4p0 − p0 ) = 27p0 V0 /2 =
13.5p0 V0 =⇒ QBC > QAB .

3-4 Alternative G
It will be QBC = 27p0 V0 /2.

2
3-5 Alternative I
QABCDA = WABCDA = −6p0 V0 and QABC = 37p0 V0 /2, then
37 49
QCDA + p0 V0 = −6p0 V0 =⇒ QCDA = − p0 V0 .
2 2
Other solution will be
3
QCDA = WCDA + ∆UCDA = WCD + ∆UCA = −(3V0 − V0 )(4p0 − 0) + R (TA − 12TA )
2
33 49
= −8p0 V0 − p0 V0 = − p0 V0 .
2 2

4-1 Alternative G
For energy conservação, placing the reference level in OA, it comes
1 p
0 = mvB2 − mga =⇒ vB = 2ga.
2

4-2 Alternative C
Using Newton’s second law in B

vB2
TB − mg = m = 2mg =⇒ TB = 3mg.
a

4-3 Alternative F p
For energy conservation, between A and D, we have, vD = 2g(2b − a). The radii the of circle
centered in C will be a − b. Using the Newton’s second law in D
hp i2
2g(2b − a) 
4b − 2a
 
5b − 3a

TD + mg = m =⇒ TD = − 1 mg = mg.
a−b a−b a−b

4-4 Alternative C
So that the string does not break in D, it is necessary that TD < 0, then
5b − 3a 5b
< 0 =⇒ 5b − 3a < 0 =⇒ a >
a−b 3

4-5 Alternative J
See Fig. 4-1. In it, the region of the plane in which the rope may break will be 0 < θ < π/2. Let us
denote that P is the point at which the string breaks, whose angle is θ0 . From that, TP = 0, so

vP2 p
mg sin θ0 = m =⇒ vP = g(a − b) sin θ0 .
a−b
p
And for energy conservation vP = 2g [b − (a − b) sin θ0 ]. Therefore
y
2b
(a − b) sin θ0 = 2b − 2(a − b) sin θ0 =⇒ sin θ0 =
3(a − b)
and s r r T~ m~g
2b 2bg ga θ
vP = g(a − b) = = . x
3(a − b) 3 3 C
Fig. 4-1

3
5-1 Alternative D
The wavelength perceived by A will be λ‘ = V T − vT = (V − v)T . Therefore
 
0 0 0 V
λ = V T =⇒ f = f.
V −v

5-2 Alternative C
As the wall is stopped, the frequency perceived by it will f 00 = V f /(V + v) also be perceived by A.

5-3 Alternative B
Will be T 0 = (V − v)/(f V ).

5-4 Alternative A
In this case, λ00 = (V + v)T 000 = V T , so
 
000 V +v
f = f.
V

5-5 Alternative E
Will be equal to    
0000 V 000 V +v
f = f = f.
V −v V −v