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ENGR112 - Lecture 5

The document discusses control structures in C++, specifically conditional statements like if and if-else. It provides examples of using if statements to check conditions and execute code accordingly. The examples demonstrate getting user input, checking conditions on the input, and printing different outputs based on the conditions.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
12 views30 pages

ENGR112 - Lecture 5

The document discusses control structures in C++, specifically conditional statements like if and if-else. It provides examples of using if statements to check conditions and execute code accordingly. The examples demonstrate getting user input, checking conditions on the input, and printing different outputs based on the conditions.

Uploaded by

mmhygbwsvg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control Structures

In this lecture we will see


n Conditional statements
n Statements that are executed if a condition
is satisfied (true)
n if
n if-else
Example
n Write a C++ program that performs the following:
n Ask the student to enter his/her average
n Read student’s average
n Display the average back to student
n Print “Congratulations” message to the student if
student’s average is higher than 95%

Notice the condition

3
Conditional Statements
(Selection Statements)
n A conditional statement allows us to control
whether a program segment is executed or not.

n Conditional Statements
n if statement
n if

n if-else

n if-else-if

n switch statement
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ Back to our problem

•Ask the student to enter his/


her average

•Read student’s average


return 0;
} •Display the average back to
student

•Print “Congratulations”
message to the student if
student’s average is higher
than 95%
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ int average; Back to our problem

•Ask the student to enter his/


her average

•Read student’s average


return 0;
} •Display the average back to
student

•Print “Congratulations”
message to the student if
student’s average is higher
than 95%
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ int average; Back to our problem

cout << “Please enter your average\n” ;


•Ask the student to enter his/
her average

•Read student’s average


return 0;
} •Display the average back to
student

•Print “Congratulations”
message to the student if
student’s average is higher
than 95%
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ int average; Back to our problem

cout << “Please enter your average\n” ;


cin >> average; •Ask the student to enter his/
her average

•Read student’s average


return 0;
} •Display the average back to
student

•Print “Congratulations”
message to the student if
student’s average is higher
than 95%
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ int average; Back to our problem

cout << “Please enter your average\n” ;


cin >> average; •Ask the student to enter his/
cout<<“ your average is: ”<<average <<endl; her average
•Read student’s average

return 0; •Display the average back to


student
}
•Print “Congratulations”
message to the student if
student’s average is higher
than 95%
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ int average; Back to our problem

cout << “Please enter your average\n” ;


cin >> average; •Ask the student to enter his/
cout<<“ your average is: ”<<average <<endl; her average
•Read student’s average

•Display the average back to


student
cout<<“\n Congratulations! That’s a high score! \n”;
•Print “Congratulations”
return 0; message to the student if
student’s average is higher
}
than 95%

Here we need a
conditional
statement
Conditional statement:
One-Way if Selection
n Syntax:
if (condition) /* no semicolon after () */
{
Action
}

n Action is one statement (braces are optional) or


group of statements (braces are must);
n if the condition is true, then execute action(s)
n if the condition is false, then skip action(s)
11
Conditional statement:
One-Way if Selection (cont)
n Syntax:
if (condition) /* no semicolon after () */
{
Action
}
n Condition is a statement which is either true of false
n Examples:
n Temperature > 40 // Temperature is a variable
n Age == 18 // Age is a variable
n Password != SecretCode // Password and SecretCode
are two variables
n 2x+1 > 0 // x is a variable
12
One-Way if Selection

13
Conditional statement:
One-Way if Selection

14
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ int average; Back to our problem

cout << “Please enter your average\n” ;


cin >> average; •Ask the student to enter his/
cout<<“ your average is”<<average; her average
if (average> 95) •Read student’s average
cout<<“\n Congratulations! That’s a high score! \n ”;
•Display the average back to
student
return 0;
} •Print “Congratulations”
message to the student if
student’s average is higher
than 95%
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ int average; Back to our problem

cout << “Please enter your average\n” ;


cin >> average; •Ask the student to enter his/
cout<<“ your average is”<<average; her average
if (average> 95) •Read student’s average

{ •Display the average back to


student\n ”;
cout<<“\n Congratulations! That’s a high score!
cout << “Thank you \n” ;
•Print “Congratulations”
message to the student if
} student’s average is higher
return 0; than 95%
}
Conditional statement:
One-Way if Selection: Exercise
n Write a program that asks the user to enter his
age, then prints “Eligible for driving” if his age
is greater than 18.

17
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ int Age;
cout << “Please enter your Age\n” ;
cin >> Age;
if (Age > 18)
cout<<“\n Eligible for driving \n ”;

return 0;
}
Conditional statement:
One-Way if Selection: Another example
n Write a C++ program that performs the following:
n Ask the user to enter his Age
n Read his age
n Print “Infant ” message if his age is less than 2
n Print “Adult” if his age is above 18

19
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int Age;

return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int Age;
cout << “Please enter your Age\n” ;
cin >> Age;

return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int Age;
cout << “Please enter your Age\n” ;
cin >> Age;
if (Age < 2)
cout<<“ Enfant\n”;

return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int Age;
cout << “Please enter your Age\n” ;
cin >> Age;
if (Age < 2)
cout<<“ Enfant\n”;
if (Age > 18)
cout<<“ Adult\n”;

return 0;
}
Conditional statement:
Two-Way (if … else) Selection

Problem:
Write a program that asks the user to enter his grade,
then prints “Pass” if his grade is greater or equal
than 60 , “Fail” Otherwise

24
Conditional statement:
Two-Way (if … else) Selection
n Syntax:
if (condition)
{
Action A;
}
else
{
Action B;
}
n if the condition is true, then Action A will be executed
and Action B will be skipped.
n if the condition is false, then Action A will be skipped and
25
Action B will be executed.
Two-Way (if…else) Selection
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ int grade;
cout << “Please enter your grade\n” ;
cin >> grade;
if (grade>= 60)
cout<<“ Passed\n”;
else
cout<<“Failed\n”;
return 0;
}
Conditional statement:
Two-Way (if … else) Selection
Problem:
Write a program that asks the user to enter his grade,
then prints
“Pass”
“congratulations!”
if his grade is greater or equal than 60 , “Fail”
“Good luck Next time!”
Otherwise
/* what is wrong with the following code? */
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ int grade; what is
cout << “Please enter your grade\n” ;
cin >> grade;
wrong
if (grade>= 60)

cout<<“ Passed\n ”; with the


cout<<“ Congratulations\n ”;
Following
else

cout<<“Failed\n”;
Code?
cout<<“ Good luck Next time!\n”;

return 0;
}
/* what is wrong with the following code? */
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ int grade;
cout << “Please enter your grade\n” ;
cin >> grade;
if (grade>= 60)
{
cout<<“ Passed\n ”;
cout<<“ Congratulations\n ”;
}
else
{
cout<<“Failed\n”;
cout<<“ Good luck Next time!\n”;
}
return 0;
}

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