Automatic Irrigation System

DONE BY:
1.Aakash Raj
Reg no:1230376
Roll no: 19;
2.Bala Subrahmanyam
Reg no:12301560
Roll no:16;
3.Karan Yadav
Reg no:12306096
Roll no:54 II. OBJECTIVE
4. Neeraj A system is urgently required to simplify and alleviate
the agricultural process for farmers. Due to the latest
Reg no:12300932
technological advancements, there is a growing need to enhance
Roll no:13; annual crop production in an economy that heavily relies on
agriculture. This system should not only help conserve natural
Abstract- Watering systems play a crucial role in ensuring resources but also significantly increase crop yields.
plants receive the necessary amount of water at the right
time. The automatic plant watering system, utilizing an
Arduino board with an ATmega328 microcontroller,
simplifies the task for gardeners. By programming the system III. EXISTING SYSTEM
to detect moisture levels in the plants and supply water
accordingly, it ensures efficient plant care. This system is
commonly used for both small and large gardens, requiring The process of irrigating plants is typically a labor-
the microcontroller to water the plants twice a day. The intensive task that demands a significant amount of
prototype aims to make plants more self-sufficient by time. It necessitates a considerable workforce to be
automating the watering process and providing artificial completed within a reasonable timeframe. In the past,
sunlight. This assistive automation is designed to alleviate the all the necessary steps were carried out manually by
challenges of plant care, allowing users to enjoy the benefits individuals. However, modern advancements have
of nurturing plants without the worry of neglect. introduced technological systems that aim to minimize
the number of workers involved or the time needed for
Keywords- Arduino, Moisture Sensor, water-pump, relay- watering plants. Despite these innovations, the level of
module control provided by such systems remains limited,
resulting in the continued wastage of numerous
resources.
I. INTRODUCTION

This project offers a straightforward approach to IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM

automatically water plants without the need for human
intervention. It addresses the common issue of people
neglecting to water their plants while on vacation or simply . An automatic plant watering system utilizing microcontroller
forgetting to do so. By implementing this project, the risk ATMEGA328P-PU has been configured to send interrupt
of plant damage can be effectively mitigated signals to the motor through the relay.
The soil sensor is linked to the Arduino board to detect the
moisture levels in the soil. Upon detecting a change in soil
moisture, the sensor sends a signal to the microcontroller to
activate the pump (motor). Automated irrigation systems are
particularly beneficial for individuals who are frequently away
from home. When properly installed and programmed, these
systems can not only save money but also contribute to water
conservation efforts. Replacing dead lawn grass and plants can
be costly, but the cost savings from using automatic irrigation
systems can be substantial. Watering with a hose or oscillator is
inefficient and does not effectively target plant roots. As a
result, the "Automated Irrigation system based on soil moisture
using Arduino" has been successfully developed and tested. B. MOISTURE SENSOR
Soil moisture sensors are essential tools for measuring the
amount of water present in soil. Instead of directly extracting
and weighing soil samples, these sensors indirectly determine
water content by analyzing soil properties such as electrical
resistance, dielectric constant, or neutron interaction. However,
it is important to calibrate the correlation between the
measured property and soil moisture levels, as it can be
influenced by environmental factors like soil composition,
temperature, and electrical conductivity. In hydrology and
agriculture, remote sensing techniques often rely on reflected
microwave radiation, which is affected by soil moisture. For
immediate measurements, farmers and gardeners can use
Fig.1 Proposed system block diagram portable probe instruments. While soil moisture sensors
primarily focus on estimating volumetric water content, there
are also sensors available that assess water potential in soils,
V. MODULE / COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
such as tension-meters and gypsum blocks.
A. ARDUINO

The diagram illustrates an Arduino board, which is a freely

available platform utilized for constructing electronic projects.
Arduino serves as a programmable circuit board that enables us to
develop programs tailored to our specific projects. To upload the
Arduino program onto the physical board, we utilize IDE
(Integrated Development Environment) software installed on our
computer. This software facilitates the writing and uploading of
Fig.2 Soil Moisture Sensor
computer code to the Arduino board. It is important to note that the
Arduino language primarily consists of a collection of C/C++
C. WATER PUMP
functions that can be invoked within your code.
A compact pump paired with a driver is essential. The driver
must supply sufficient current to power the pump for my
specific application, which requires a spray distance of
approximately one meter
 In cases where a system with a larger spray range is necessary, F. JUMPER WIRES
larger pumps or a pressurized device may be required to propel the Jumper cables are electrical wires equipped with
projectile even further, similar to the watering system found in a tea connector pins on both ends. They serve the purpose of
garden. linking two points within a circuit without the need for
soldering.

Fig.3
D. RELAY Water PumP
The diagram illustrates a relay, which is a switch that is operated
electrically. While many relays utilize a magnet to automatically
activate a switch, there are also alternative operating principles
such as solid-state relays. Relays are employed in situations where
it is essential to control a circuit using a separate low-power signal
or when multiple circuits need to be regulated by a single signal.
Initially, relays were primarily used as amplifiers in long-distance
communication circuits. They would receive the incoming signal
from one circuit, maintain its integrity, and then transmit it to
FUTURE SCOPE
another circuit.
The field of electronics is continuously advancing and
has had a significant impact on humanity. One
promising project is the implementation of an
automated irrigation method, which holds immense
potential for future development. This project can be
expanded to include greenhouses, where manual
supervision is limited. Furthermore, the principles
behind this method can be applied to create fully
automated gardens and farmlands. When combined with
E. 9 v BATTERY rainwater harvesting, it has the potential to result in
substantial water savings if implemented correctly. In
The need of battery to give the power supply to pump. agricultural areas with limited rainfall, this model can
be successfully utilized to achieve impressive outcomes
with various soil types. By developing a Smart Wireless
Sensor and utilizing upcoming techniques, farmers can
address various challenges they face in their daily lives,
ultimately increasing their profits.
 VI. CONCLUSION VII. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The main beneficiaries of this project are farmers and I extend my sincere appreciation to my project
gardeners who face time constraints in watering their advisors and mentors, Dr. Rekha, for them
crops and plants. Additionally, it caters to farmers who invaluable guidance and support throughout the
tend to waste water during irrigation. With the scarcity development of our project. I am grateful for the
and contamination of water supplies, there is a pressing collaborative efforts of my fellow team members, whose
need to optimize water usage and reduce chemical dedication and hard work were essential to the project's
leaching through more efficient irrigation methods. success. Additionally, I would like to thank Lovely
Thanks to recent advancements in soil water sensing, this Professional University, for providing the necessary resources
technology can now be commercially utilized to automate and academic environment. Special thanks to all supporters,
irrigation management for vegetable production. contributors, and my family and friends for their
Extensive research has shown that various sensor types unwavering
perform well in all conditions without negatively encouragement. The collective efforts of these individuals
impacting crop yields. In fact, these sensors have the and institutions have played a crucial role in making our
potential to reduce water usage by up to 70% compared to project a reality, and I am deeply thankful for their
traditional practices. contributions.

VIII. REFERENCES

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid-crystal_display
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film-transistor_liquidcrystal_display
[3] https://www.tutorialspoint.com/arduino/arduino_board_de scription.htm
[4] http://www.me.umn.edu/courses/me2011/arduino/arduino Guide.pdf
[5] https://www.elprocus.com/ATmega328 microcontroller architecture-and-applications