: , lard au —— Limage Processing : CG) Tyhes of \moges 5 Cad Binory Tmoge Co ,asS> F004) | tensity Coord ares As) AGB image Co) RGBA image. * Steps so “Tmoge Processing : Cy Dow dosed > bate 9 iy mid Desed —> #9 xo attr i au © © © @ Tmage @ Cain | / enhonarg Oj}a eqyistion> sreye Seon \-—7 produce (mage - —> Steps Srom B-\O Prodvce athbutes. “mage Processing 5 Acguiscttion Te ts Me frst step in \mage processing . Et ts A050 known Os pre—processiag : Cid Tk wnectwes véStoring Whe image Krom source. Use eOly >A Nardwace —Yased Sovrce , CO ee senSoc , > Hage FiPtenng 7 emhonce ment A cy Leroge erhancemest of is dhe proms of brieging “Ov And hignig ring. Céekain Gearuce F an Troge . This cam invokse , => Cronging he bo Aigitoess » Contrast , ete. ie “Lmage Restoration’, - oy Mis te dhe process of imp roving dhe joert oF an Image . Howeeer , unZive img enhaa, Le Is done vsing, COmRa\n matlen abead modek o- jorobabiQste model.) 2 CoQor mage Processhg , Cy Tk wevdes A ruwba ot car moded Keck nigues \o digricd domain . THE Stet has Govind prominance Ove “to Ghe significant bse Fgitar image on “Whe crternet . , > ) > Woy did) J AvQt — ResRution , Cty Te ig sed *O vepr (wage \n Wadovs degree of un Whe mages And Svbdivided Lito cesoluton warsegets OF Sima region fer data Compression Ord eyraridaL ree. > Teage Compression 5 Ciyp mis we whe proces® to reduce Whe Storage cegurcd to sage an in or Wee band wide eq ved to transmrke te. Wis is dove poriaslor2y wren We mage is Spe use On the wtemnet - — Mor proto cot Process » Ta this Stage >» toods Oke used for exttachy We components OF an we _ Hence 5 o is vsefud in dhe repr and desea prion of dhe= Segment a\ion , Ciy “Tn dis StOQEe 5 Qn Ing \s PorBboncd into its object . Tr is o Psocess hic, sarees a Sot OF tame Sor successful Solutio, Of inaging probRems which regquwes Objecks ar identify (dh BidvaAMy —> Represenkertion J Daserption Od Te fod@ose dhe rtp Cf Se Qmemtatio. stoge lwhth is caw pixed data hasing Qag Powis OF he region vese2 | TS transform Une ) fo. dota , represestartor is She ony soQouon . lwrereac , Desenyero. is used for extra cng wformahor to Afferestate one Chass of object Fron Ondther « — Odject - Re cog nition : In dhis stage , the abel is assigned to q OBR wWrick wased an OCSCH'btors. — Rnowledge Bose, Cp Ts dhe dash stage . Impotet ife of he ing ts Qocated vnich Giant dhe> , > ) > , ) ) ) ; ) ) ) ) searing process és - The Ienowdedge bose is Weary comple wvher Whe (nage restrton ic Sea lntgtt : — + Comea — efter Refracts Qight waves Chenddhem so Ghat tk can fows oO” Cornea . — Agqueovs Hmor > ; — Lens > focuses Whe Light hovirg Accomodation power C bere Light) change refrackse power Chasing Ciddians myscdes) Ct con be Yhice or Chin ) C EF image ts Gm col then ens become d@ated) —> Vitewous Body > Tris Oo Qiguid Oreo thats loreed in Yhe Inner Gye 5 Lich is responsile for coMapsne of ayes ~ > Retna —> Tt is dhe most Vane Soyer of eges where Cmiage foos « Te contams vad And Cone cedls “LT mage Formation —> C In eye) Lonéin dhe Lens ef the qyes fos On image of dhe ovtewde word onto .a Light - sensthye membrane dn the back of She tye, Camed retina , the image cs fomed . The Sens sof Whe eyes Ffoouses Light on Yhe proto — receptive cells of dhe retina y which dueck Yhe photons Ord responds loy producing nebro® impukses - — Cones m eyes number b/w 6 to TM which arenighdy sensitive to coor | Human Wsvaizes the Color image i” Oaypight due to these cones The Core \Gision is A880 called as aptebie photopic or vovightt a Light Wision . Rod ave mver Larger bis 75 bo ISOM ane ace Vistivvied Over the retina Sueface . Messe ace nok mea8e0 Ww the cae wistan and are. sensthive to Barr ese? of Rommat'on. > Brightmess Adaptation — DigtaQ \mage ace HspMayed ge Kserese cet OF intenettits . The tyes aseiferle avidity to Hscrimmate blade and white Us An leporrant Considerathon ‘wn presenti reset 2 ? “The range of Ligrt \ntenstty Ces to unin Ahe human wisvad ystems Can adopt Lshich are ws the order of 10! Som Whe scobolic Khreshof$ to the Goce Dore . “In protopic Wiser Fegion 5 the FOnge ts abot \O*% |Gia image guotrackon, [mask coe roskagrapny 1 Wr, 4) QOuy) = 4$ Ov.) mask Cay mage Ayision ard vb p2i cation TU sradeg, pov eonon gouy? = FOE ROLY shading Fusion aa oe en On Fowyp by esbaat ag nOo,y) And sa vOh plying & by wmoerse of hOwsy)- — 5 Used Ww mos Png Coaadso codled cenion of process 9 rich FOUY is vehye whee hos A's wm ROL and O's elsenrere 4 colour imoge consists eds. wwrresest >. ted by A mask of Hheee scposat]e Note 2 au- \ov B-lre cron” YerOgQee Vw COnQGe 5 > Keele Walees of = aca) v @ wih mninweurs VAL 4 Qn 9 a Qs=¥% Cm / wax (n>) seagded mage Morvally excloss¢, —= Dis fore ov alermerts “ya Common TE Hey hase no An&8=o A aes fe ee Sor ie ie sample spore ] — A - B= > CompBement of an irage. a ZCx,y,k-z) | Cx,Y, R= a8-\ Ce = womne af bits used to eh oS As entz)for Os {Bewit image 5 de 2 eS Wrexe 5 AS + 8 61, 4,855- 21 Oxy) €44 2 = intensity at pow Cxuyy) — _ vnion of 2 groyscale SEXs , AyB = PeorxCO,v) laeA ,veB$ — > Cartesian product 5 A xB = J CxqQyd V2 EA ond yeR — Broy Relations , Car vrefdexioe 2 for ny oao eo Go) travevtwe t for ony O,0,¢ ES, AR’ Gnd wRe impdies that ake Cod Onki-Symmeric 1 A,” ES» AR & and DRO ‘Impdies What a= Cd) owki-refdexise . A€ 5 ,raRa Ce) tyonswe + afp,c ES; aR wv. and bRe implies qnar ae. — Logical Chipacstions , CoS A AND b \nterse chon Co 0 OR by, UEior Cao a NOT inves sion 68> A KOR | Symme Me KG ference — > Spotiad Operators , cor Singee Pixel operations Cyo) neighbourhood Operatorsecy geometic spotbad scransfor cabo Eo — > apykied dicectly on pines . — gqeomewc rans + g ‘he sheet according ingodses ehretchmg °F gh wan ton predefined set of roQes « Foreation Of of Coord nates cay spatial re yer) Lonich welvde scaing , bronsfak ag five fe and sneermg + roranon 5 Ce) Unrewsity wekes polation > TTronsformattion ne Coomnrot® Name Mats x e€ guobens Toewhty In me = ee Scaling a cy, O O ce§ Leon oO Go al = Cy% So © | Wey Rotation cor -sm@ 0 a oe eng = CsQ_—O ysm@ ° ° \ y= 26 IO + yose TronsPation 1 @ 5. ot’ xt tx eu Ga / te | yry ess o © EE ECT OC TOO EYEE 6 et eShear CWericc®) 1 & Oo ey he Shear oe Mt +Syy © e771 ubo=y Sheor Chonrortad ) 11° © , & 1 oO aU = loon Y’= Se+*Y | —s \Jector Representation , : | GQ. ab = alo, + a,b, + ---- + Anon v = Ze Ovi i= —> Spotl Domoin Process , | gory) 7 TL Fey] Qo) = Nhe oot’ WerO.ge Foe,y) = on wipe mage 5 = Gp Cpe Ont defined ower a neighborhood of port Coo,y). — Exhonement , cs Yhe process of manifpulabag an mage so Grok the resvdk ts more cvrrable than the ovigiral Sor a sped he appdication . toy pe> —> Cod Qmear Cnegahve and oemrdy -Lroms$or makions ) Odd Reo, arrneic C Q0g and west ~ og) Ced power 201 C mie pow ond nth root)CCE eS ee newer esr eePeVTeereeccrvrg — Troge Negohve 5 intensity Qeweds ace between Us,e-'], gs= L-\-¥ > Log Teron formations » c= cont , also 20 sec ogd\ "> Aw he vonge Co, L/ud eq note row inpot gesels wap to oviput eeseds to the range fo0.4. Conoasely » higher walves mapped tO navn cower co e. intensity Level. spreading Of compress 1° — vd for —» Power- Low C Gamma) Transformations , s= cr? tree. € aa Oc constants « “16 accoustfor offsets geccrxe? Frackonok wadue » raps ravrow ko wider TArgcs Ao coweck Whese power — Povo is caMed gamma cowechon — > w= —»> he \process sed respons & phenomena oc goo encodng - \ wh ot > image with Qow contrast 5 washed ~ ° > Carnrrast Srrerttong » expands We range of tntensthy Qeyels “m go that it Spans the tdeak Soll ‘tensity ange ot de recoding medium oF sp Roy doce. an mage> Histogram Processing, Unnormaized histogram of FOLy), hCcy) = Mr jp wnee B= [Co,L) Vig = nember Of prcels nf Wilh wkenstty Ty — > glo-deisions of Khe ‘wtensthy scale ore cated Histeg raven los . —> normalized hiskagros f+ 5 pay) = WC) = MR Nw as Ny= nuever of rows N = number of codomas — per = 2a Image Sensing and Acquisthon 5 ae DG rotation {iQ ——» Linear mobow Aaypes ef mobon, Gy Qmear mekon Gy ratakonad motion CaS Lmage acquisition vs, Sensor Sip , — > Exampie oh sme Sensor is protosiode Now, 42 obtom a wo dimensional image vsing @ singe Sensoc Fhe motion shovdd be In beth oc ane Y dieeckion . Rotakon prowides motion Vs one dE chow Ors) Lineoe modion progvis moton in Hrechor , This is Qn m— ahpenri9e Mmechod ang we con obtain nigh resoducion Imacye w kl nth Len HOwhigh precision contr a2 | — > Cad Une Sensor, “Re sensor sip prowides maging, Wn one recko motor lperperdierlor Yo Sip provide Imaghng i Other darechon - ssi C3 Away Sensor , —> Ih Vhs \ehwitvod , sensor are ana ed | ne fore of ab ovroy . This sake of . rangement ‘S Found \n Sigel cameras Te this , She resiponse of Gach Sensor jis proportioned to the integral of dhe Qe energy fprojecred onto the surface of the Senco. —> Noise Sine, sensor’ aray is AD a Complete i can be dbstcined by focussing, dhe eae - nec pattern onto the surface of the Orroy ~ Qiy “he sensor Orwray 'f COinaidert wih the focal plane , tk produces an output propa SS orcd. ko dhe imtegrad of Light recieved ak cach sensor. Color Moded , | GyRGB Color made2 Giy ASE coor moded Gir GYR color made a> AGB wooed, Cc, Co.) Ce\,1,1) grey scale ~ NUON Co,0 51 Chey Soe (mage . Sox, 4) :>tL— Onocis — This cor model consists of Yhree channeg Orne channeQ per cove « Gree co. Green ard bQve Ore Fhe main Compones of Whis CoLoue mode@. SAM olher coloves ove Produced by the foroportional cakio OF Whee codoucs ondy R+ Qezy R+ B=™M —> Prodvced Clove, RG Be oo ow XK oO A 8 @A om G& oo \ 2 © GaA+8 = Cc Ra GrB =Ww ec \ o \ © \ \ \ \ Q Oo ->R \ o-™M usGy Radience Cry Lyon nance aN) Brigrroess red + Green + bOue = | L trish vdus waves ] \ @ gti 3 phen eqvad components Gre prix th peaduces dare nok Wade .. 9 n = q HST bo ROB Cefornvdes] > 2G to WSF — Properses Of FT, —> Histogram eqraWi zation , sed in imoge erhoncement. Reyceserration of Occprence Gf Wowens gray Qeseds. ej © ow 5 G — vse for momnpiCartig contast Ond brightness —> Qvorhty 5 Normadi zing , Histagram , FQ profile. Oo 1 ae u S&S ¢€ 7 LAP? gray tool 0 OOEG HS S ©@ nie lnighest gray Qesed vale = 5Seoa ROPE hen PE Sex Spat ° ° oO * 9 ° ° o ° ° 9 7 ° ° oO Oo Oo 3 6 O-au Oa \ 68 2 4 We O:S6 O-3 [a 6 5 5 | 7 6 ° ° \ , 7 Oo o \ ; 5 2= as aa —S egvod fesels ore malpwed coespondingdy in the Qroy Aevells . equal = Approximation Sy yh = FE MROmMmom Qroy Legel save P ph = provobility Hsmiouvhon Furchion CRF = combative Rsimbstive function—7 toot transforms , qRese are mathemarbeak todls Ghat hep vs + STD One: Lmages from sporbial domain to -freguercy domo in. CISC Mes —» Advortages , Cay Te may jscPate crricod Compo nents 2 . of eoae podtece foc rect access for anaQysis Giy Te may pace “(mage data in a mare Compact Form to prose portabidity - CA) Be ig vsefud for fast computation of AD ond corrdlaten - Condo dytion Civ) “Et ie regersie jire., Wwe car resert to the inibad domain - SS Diser ere Fourier Transform 5 Co One — Dimensionot DET ae jatRe/N FcR) =D GOOF wnere R=9,),... 9 =O Ae a) Tnyese DFT na sak : Jaren $C 3 n z Foe € Une x= Og late NT ee ETE CRECECECHH OIE Ee> Lmage Resto rabion a mage — Cltes . Cy Tnyese Gdter Gi LOmner A@ter Tmoge Enhancement Gs i purely sv} ech ve, bechnigque . Gd Te meons Imprading the image to show some hidden delice, NOx, y) Resto raha. D eg cade. SF OVy = Approrimatay. “Image Restorohon Tis On obyechuc process. Te meons Amjoroging the Image to march She orginal. mage , BAG aaanabenanprnigitbgezsezTe ies to Fix the Oy Th makes the pice \mage > 9Co bave door beher 1 without regard +0 jhow we ko he read , we really chov@) Cook . imoge - av) Here, dhe engin’ ere, the aim isto image is ppcocesse9? so oang dhe Mog ya jon e thaw the vesudtant owards Wear i ce svivaihe Coyle) hawe bee iG tt hoo been regacded wwhrovut [mage is mo han the ovtginod for Specific applicobkon . degrees ction + uy Tmage Ennoncenerk eg Te Anes fo cosmenc Procedere - cenmwek oy usig does nok odd Any KATA ongnat a prion Rrowlaly oy Jeg cadaro~ . \mproues She subjenhus ele = geoding ot the woge YG, ° with ng in wth &he exisheg astimat? of work wesived ces data .— > Noise Modes , Ci) Cnavssian Noise Modded any Gamma Noise Mode? Gin Lanite Noise Gv) Sotk and Pepper Noise Dovng “Trage -tramsrission aad AQeguisttion noise is Intodveed Wn Whe Amage . There may be different CeASGrs , no C> Eny Conditions may offet he imdjing Sensoc ay Low Ligh And Sensor Terperatuce Gis Dyet parkdles present mw fhe sensoc. a Interference Ond “Vransmission ChanneZ LAI Gnavssian Noise Mode? R, Cm) = | = Ca-wy ag o Jan Co. “Theis also called as Reckonic noise becayse ie Ovises In Omplifiers oc Serectors | Tt ic Covsed PY portvral sovmees SLch as theenag GF OCHS n of Okoms Qud dBcrete. notuce ofyee o Mie vodiabon of yoarm objec . Te generally Hstwwes the Qeoy gadwes jn he digital image dhot’s why vb efficiently designed and Charackeriecs by ws PDE or Nocmolses histogs on we Boy volves . TAI Sah and Ceppe- Noise Pp. « Za ACZ = a J - Py for z=) oO CHherw ise This is also come? data dcop Cc > because srotiscally ib dropped “the osign nad data Wolwes -pe Gray Levee PO C2) = Oo Olhenwise a b This noise Cansed by Yhe qu anhsiag the pice of OO Sensed \moge to D number of\ Hsoreke derged Je hea AG mown 06 Quanhsotion yoird - 6 an opproxin te vitfocm shetbshon be signal dependent , rt wil ependet if other MOISE Sources to cause Sie eo AS exsLicita, — Sor 2z0 “oval ye con be sgeed ° ase vig enough applied « [0-1 Roysegh Nose Moses Copsey a C2-He C2) = oto % - * Orde Statste Reteirg, Gd Median Adreig » Ca) Max /Mn RGkerng C3) Alpna Tim RBemmg , A dative. Fidheing Band pass § nesfed Lrverse Fier Weiner fitter,CAA Median Rtterg » —S Best Rnown OSRater Eexsy c oe JID} — Th wplaces Ue valve of prce@ by medion Of the ger LeseO Ww he neighloouchood of dhe pioce@ . — The criginal Galve of the pirceZ is incledea in the Compotation Of the median » Eb rowiges execeMlart raise tedvckorn Copobs Sty wilh considera by Ress boeing than Gincar Smoothing Fier of swale sire . | These Ore partoudoc2y rock ye inthe presence of ol, bipcRac 0nd onilpoRar impulse noise . : \eq 56 \WS 46 168 log Rerned \a6 bas AO 185 Joo (ts = 3x3 = 83 SAL IIA Qu 19H ASS AIG? ATI Aoi 198 AWGLAV\E AlQ HW) eG V85 AlO 2} B26 198 QuyTSI Mase JM Re dkerng 5 +s O-\00% pecerile 7 > Coner sadve of 3x3 frerned in Phe Ovgpnad UMAgE veplaced by dhe mechan golwe « — Median Fitter technique ig Apphied for 20h won ovedappng place of 3x3 reefs Soom kop = tee corwes TO. top ng omer and From sop to bottom . Le medion fiker CR Mar /Min Rbtenng —» Adpho 5 dhe menor fiQhe is Wey \mp And popedos , in OSRdters - 0% Lage process+eG ptt is wy no - mean the ody One - 5 Te medion rejores ants dhe HSOV%etoe of a ranzed serof nomb|es - oS most 05e9 Vn Casta V4 Cosia V2 CoMoFo : Tmoge Datase®. Soc, y> = mor F glx, ys Ss 5 : CSE Sry i ss ete the 5 resets in the so Qoe Hilter, This fidke ie usgfadfor indng the Prgrtest paw ‘in the image , Ads because Pepber noise has a Bey fos value . 7 Te is vedveed by Wis Fides AS a resuee of ghe marc Stechon PGcess in Ghe sve . ata + 9 —> Min, The Orth percent Qe GiPler is dhe ae Bitter , | £ Gay) = Min 4 ac, | Cs4) e's, oD3 | — Usefod for Finding the dovacst octet In On wage . Also , Tk veduces dhe sage a as “Whe resudt ofa (Min Oberahou - He Mid = pomt fiQter 3 ¢ \ C ott : Sow. Ces £8 . Min FQer,y) | Gb ESny —7 Fe we Fe smply Compobes Lhe MP why the mosdimum Gnd mminun Value a ‘en the Crea encampassea by the Sitter —=> Ws pee Camanes OS and weraging ASCOT « a ws fideer oe for Wan chm®y Aethb wegfor,y = R85 Ry, --- oR Cote Region of Lnterest —> Seg menterton jo Whe process Of ‘portakoning a SHgit image ito mvdbple MBjons and extract, the meaningfre regions winch is kenoun as QoQ i} —SROT wanes wth applicabon . Infact , no singe bringessad. segmentochon aBegorthn exists for the same. —> Therefore 5 Choose dhe one Ldnich performs the best foc dhe Grsen requirement . Simi Canty Lased Disco nutty based principe. prmapee ncA im! TL works OF COMMON proces ased an a ca) 1 eimiCoetyy yo exttrack Conerert regions bovndory Zedge Useporates regions] To Quad Tec LB-1 Discontnvty based pradiple , CaS Gxtrack yegions What Offer in properties Like CoRove Sachse , intensity y ete. Rio — Reo —> Crorackerishes of Segmentation recess , cor Ui, Ri=R Contos fae =a] God Ry Sho® be comected Pegion Calas ne & cad Ben RHP Chor aw i adj) vy Ry CUD PCR = TRVE for b= 193 ,--5” EE EE ESS OVE EOE EEE 6 ee’ cs) PCR: EIR;) = FACE for iw 4 P= predicate of “gion —_ Segmentation Adgo-h om Bascd On on woe esata “ Poca ceCarhous bs Manucd Ct |» Arto matic Region cone c bal L_sSemy- Avie mabe . ge [seeding point I Now = Contexthoa CT Rixed based or — Dekction Of Discowbimvities 5 Qacog”| Point Qine wedge (moge + -mask, - | 3x3 3x3 W | Wr] by [2 Z2 | Za Disk. a Zu Zs | 26} Grage. 91 | Wg | Way | Zal ZaGerpore = Uyent Ac). UsnZn val Thresho€d Wadve CT) mask , [Q\ >T|—> fort. Standord mask, ee Tmoge = 50x SO | 3 |=) -) J-1 |) L = 2500 precds ECO =-ZIVKB BXIO [TG Le Detechon, ) slon tg) , — See wercal horroxtad Ss Hee, U types of mass arg uscd i > nd : fespors ES R,, Rr »®3 4 Gke| Eph letee) Eb bb) = altel Ver ond Vert cod Q-> i-R R-re use —use «¢ R3— 45° Ry° . . - > TH ara cerrow powt of dhe image, 'RiI > [Ri] pr cw uZ 4 + Therk potnt ts saia Lo be mare Gikely Associatcd wi ne a hrechon of maser] te. Edge Betechon , > Rw cage ils a sth of Connected jpwceds thar Dies an the Sooonday between ue regions Uhich Snffere ‘w Grey Qeise? . > Pre on Edge is enon aS edge pomt . > Edge provides an outlive of the object. es pry sical plane , Cage Corresjoonds to the Hse G@atnuhes in dept , Surface Svertetic 9 Choage In matenad jorapeches + Qight VYorahon | a Edge Oscoves shor shonge ye Yhe \ebem srhy re piees rere lbriahtmess Soncion » Tage of w oe Chorges olorppr Ly 2 — > An edge can be extracted by Comiooh ag dhe donvahve of An Image Poncho n « Mag of dhe dervate \ndyeates Ve strenght ae combos of edge . SS Pirecken of Jeyworbye Geetor Indicate the COO COE SCC Ee TS ewer yy TP FVSeeC eg edge Onantahouw .L Step Ramp Spike Edge Edge Edge Root i A ea Aa abroyt A s@avs ing Quick Nor instore Change Qrodved Chonge or toneous Change vw \mimedicr ager shore intenstty Cetus to SiStonce . og deved cal. le od KP ortey FF foecatizari ° -] Ca pater Neckor Mogpitede V + = Direckon of Qrotient: a) (Ry L Gat 4 GaP DA Gal + VGy) = tor! ( Qa Cee)> Trage Ahreshodding Mucdses Hyg An\moge tak haso or more reg Ons based on iehensity Ceockc aLowing a Ct) amadysis cam exrachou 2 Oesired features - > TE is 0 Hacbmigue thor elses, a groyscate vmdoge Wwto Oo bina wage by 055i Fy ing ee pore? volve aS either black of nite based Om is whensity QeveQ or groy ReveO compored to Ghe theshedd valve. > Wis technique redvies the image to ony tua Qosc@s oF yntenstty > moking tH easier to dohFy cme) ieobote, oiec of Wiest - Nreshodd “Vechnigue > © Gilov ak Thesholding @ Loca® or Rdaphve Breshold ing pe sicay gcuye 4 | 4 Foap OT o efor, ST Gacy devel Yo binay Image. [AD Clobcl Thesholdi-g aris a widely v5ed Fechwigue wnere a sin Hhresho®d galue Is app Zico 40 An enbre ee e “a3 Ws teshnigue ray nor be sorta bee fori nage wth Goring Aghtening Gr cwomhee bachg vor}.> Wis technique & foochen@andy vsef@ in 8 Porticon feemoria wnere Vere is significant Vaterton jp 1Rdominahion across different (eapons of image 7 La.d simp0e Wisesha@ding Os-J Otee’s TRresha ding Cad Sinpee Wreshotding Ys @ loasta techni a loinaay Seduce to each Ypwced bey Hhraolding Wade . —> Te is efectoe then Ane \mage hag Consistent Zightemne, condtHons Ond Q Clear and “oreground peatation . 9 Tree techwigque Syraricalds adjoct dhe dhetshelg value for each pixe2 based on Ve Qecag negtcow cod 5 Allowing for ether Segmentetion ere Alaprate abject Jerecton - method Sor aut nate Hnresokhiug dRterminatiy, Is widely sed technique Soe the optimad qhrechow alse in ‘inoge Ssagmattahion . Tk cakcudates the Meehoks toy maec\ mising dye belwee Lass SaRance of Yrcee valves wWhicn Shetek Stparede the foregrovad Gnd bockground gions. —> Ths method is Port cology veafud when AKaLing with Image that have prmodad oc mItimedad qrtevstty dr2ty betiog , ge Urat assign SO Ong GPs bag backeg feondCB. Adoptee Theeshogding — We calcudate a Haresho?d value Jor cack Yedion basea on its Rocad Characterishes Such as mean o, mean iwlensity . This Fecnnigue ous Sor better adaprabiity +o Bagyng Cighteniag Conds Sampler itlensity HKstabuton . — FT is needeg Sor AGfere ret nage segions te eve con the Cha@enges of Bardo. Iv Aarening Condo, On Contrast witlhinem image . “This helps to Imprese The accyracy and “Sgdiedbiny Racy of Obyect- or CDiow detechion . Mis Technigue jnvody SH siding dhe nage Into smaQer sub ~ regions Gnd Calculating A threshold Salve for cack sobs noi based on rs Rocad chacacteriches . ASK and we FOS SOOO OCC EOE OC 6 SO » Ps Applicatror of Tmage “Thresholds , > Ct) Lmage Tresholting » C2) Edge Betechon , ae oe ends wm Wertayying amd Vighlighteg the - boundanes behseen O4ferent obits or regions wihin an imoge : (2) Med eok Treging » ; ; Tt can be 9860 To carat dippers Wr dwee or VoOnermadihes, fo Sagres wd Grobyst in maicad maging.3. ise Reduckion , , / 2 Tr can be h@ired for Narse reduchion 5 As Can hetp to cUimmate Unwowted bo otic ds or Herwvaace WwW on mage . CH. Quoaity Controd, Et plays am crociag ee i, Qwality Control Processes Such ag Iispe Chg Manufethycd Product, Jor defects Or ensonng Consistenay texture of On cokay Amoge . CS) Object Segnerttation , tts ales Benody vsed Ww mbuter kasks Such ag Gbyect SQ mentation uhece AL helps +o Sepoceté Foregrouna Ove Lovie. We bawegrournd : Yn CoRaur Gud TSH oe