Exp 09 Postlab

Experiment-9 : Sumpner’s Back to Back Test on
single-phase Transformer.
Devansh
Roll Number: 2206308
March 31, 2024
I. Aim
• To determine the losses in a single-phase transformer using Sumpner’s
Back to Back Test.
• To determine the efficiency of the single-phase transformer using Sump-
ner’s Back to Back Test.
II. Range of Apparatus
Table 1: Range of Apparatus

Sr No. Apparatus Type (dc/ac) Range
1 Single Phase Transformer AC 230V, 1kVA, 4.34A
2 Wattmeter-1(LPF) AC 0-30W
3 Wattmeter-2(UPF) AC 0-750W
4 Ammeter-1 AC 0-1A
5 Ammeter-2 AC 0-5A
6 Voltmeter-1 AC 0-250V
7 Voltmeter-2 AC 0-125V
8 Single Phase Variac AC 0-240V
9 Single Phase AC supply AC 230V
Table 2: Name Plate Details

Parameters Transformer
Rated Line Voltage (V) 230V
Rated Line Current (A) 4.34A
Rated Apparent Power 1kVA
1
III. Procedure
• Ensure that all the wires/cords are disconnected and supply is off.
• Determine the polarity of both the transformers.
• Do the connections as per circuit diagram taking care of polarity. On
primary side both transformers are connected in parallel and on secondary
side both are connected in series with opposite polarity.
• Make sure that secondary side switch is open and variac is at zero position,
then turn-on the primary side supply.
• Slowly vary the primary side variac till rated voltage is applied to primary
side. Note down the readings.
• Close the secondary side switch.

• Very slowly vary secondary side variac till rated current flows. Note down
the readings.
• Turn-off the entire circuit slowly in reverse order. Disconnect the connec-
tions.
Precautions
• Always wear shoes.
• Do not make zig-zag connections and avoid loose connections. Do not lean
on the test-benches. Keep connections colour coded.
• Don’t turn on power supply of any kind without presence and approval of
an instructor.
• Avoid placing water bottles and lab reports on the test-benches while
carrying-out the experiment.
• Operate the equipments slowly so you don’t overshoot the values, the
measurement devices might take some time to show updated readings.
2
3
Figure 1: Circuit Diagram for Sumpner’s Back to Back Test
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5
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Figure 2: Observation Table and Calculations
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Figure 3: Calculations
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Figure 4: Calculations
9
IV. Detailed Observations
• In this experiment, we are measuring the losses, efficiency of a single phase
transformer using Sumpner’s Back to Back test.
• The main advantage of this test apart from OC-SC test is that it can be
applied to transformers for longer period of time so that we can measure
how efficient is our transformer for longer period of time. In OC-SC test,
we are just finding lumped parameters and losses and evaluate efficiency
for a short period of time.
• After making connections and checking it properly we are applying Rated
voltage on the primary side, also there is no current flowing through the
secondary windings as both of the transformers are identical and the sec-
ondary windings are connected in subtractive polarity.
• The primary side acts as short circuit as we apply the rated voltage to
secondary winding till the rated current flows in secondary winding.
• The readings of the watt-meter connected to primary gives the coreloss
and the watt-meter connected to secondary side will give the copper loss
(After multiplying the obtained watt-meter’s value with multiplication
factor).
• There are two watt-meters are used in this experiment: LPF(Low Power
Factor) Watt-meter and UPF(Unity Power Factor) Watt-meter. LPF
Watt-meter is used in primary side, this is because the power factor com-
puted to the primary side has lower values because the current flowing in
primary is of more magnetising nature which lags the phase voltage more,
whereas for the secondary side UPF is used because the series branch
parameters have lesser impedance also the current flowing through the
parallel branch (magnetising branch) is much less as rated current flows
in secondary so the angle between the net current and phase voltage is
small and pf is high so UPF is used in secondary side.
• Hence, with the obtained losses we can evaluate the efficiency of the trans-
former.
V. Conclusions
• Hence we can conclude that the load test of the transformer can be done
without connecting any actual load, which is essential tool for assessing
performance of large transformers.
• It is used to determine the efficiency of the transformer by measuring the
no-load and full-load losses, as well as the no-load and full-load currents.
• We can evaluate power-factor, voltage-regulation, and efficiency using the
Sumpner Back-to-Back test.
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Experiment-9 : Sumpner’s Back to Back Test on

II. Range of Apparatus

Table 1: Range of Apparatus

Table 2: Name Plate Details

• Close the secondary side switch.

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