Department of Civil Engineering

VIVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belagavi-590018, Karnataka

GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BIDAR

Mailoor Road Bidar-585403

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

(Accredited by NBA)
TITLE: -EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF
CEMENT IN CONCRETE BY USING COCONUT FIBRES (JUTE) AND
ALCCOFINE

SUBMITTED BY:
Md Al Zubair Bagwan (3GN20CV025)
Md Ameer Kamal Qizar (3GN20CV035)
Md Uzair Ahmed (3GN20CV037)
Mohd Bilal (3GN20CV039)

Under the guidance: -

Prof: Parashuram. L

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TABLE OF CONTENT

1) INTRODUCTION

2) LITERATURE SURVEY

3)MATERIAL USED AND PROPORTIONS

4) OBJECTIVES

5) METHODOLOGY

6) REFERENCES

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INTRODUCTION

In this study, we're exploring a way to make concrete stronger and more eco-friendly. We're
using two special ingredients: coconut fibers and Alccofine. Coconut fibers come from
coconut husks and are strong and tough, while Alccofine is a material that reacts with cement
to make concrete better. By replacing some of the usual cement with these ingredients, we
hope to create concrete that's not only more robust but also better for the environment. This
research aims to understand how these materials work together to enhance concrete
properties and make construction more sustainable.
By incorporating these eco-friendly materials into the concrete mix, we seek to optimize the
balance between strength, durability, and environmental impact. The research involves
systematically varying the proportions of coconut fibers and Alccofine to analyze their
individual and synergistic effects on concrete properties. Mechanical tests, such as
compressive and flexural strength assessments, along with evaluations of workability and
setting time, will provide insights into the feasibility and performance of this sustainable
concrete mixture.

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LITERATURE SURVEY

1) Nista Lama Ghising, Vijay Kumar (Dec-2019)

This paper investigates the impact of Alccofine 1203 as a partial replacement for cement in
concrete, focusing on its influence on strength and durability properties. With the growing
demand for high-performance concrete in the construction industry, the study explores
supplementary cementitious and environmentally friendly, reducing cement content and
thereby lowering carbon emissions.
The research identifies 20% as the optimum replacement percentage for Alccofine, beyond
which it serves as a filler material, enhancing concrete workability. Alccofine's unique
properties, such as fine particle size and high reactivity, lead to early strength gain and the
formation of a dense pore structure, ultimately improving compressive strength.
Additionally, the study reveals that Alccofine contributes to improved durability, resistance
to chemical attacks, and enhanced flowability, reducing segregation in concrete.
A comprehensive literature review supports these findings, emphasizing the positive effects
of Alccofine on water absorption, bond strength, and microstructural properties in various
concrete mixtures.

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2) P. R. Kalyana Chakravarthy and R. Rathan Raj (April-2017)

In this study, the focus is on developing High Performance Concrete (HPC) with enhanced
sustainability by partially replacing silica fume (10%) and fly ash (20%) with concrete. The
research evaluates the compressive strength of concrete with varying trial blend ratios on the
7th, 14th, and 28th days, determining optimal material proportions. Additionally, the study
aims to identify the optimum dosage of superplasticizer, substitute cement with different
ratios of silica fume and fly ash and assess mechanical characteristics such as compressive
and split tensile strength. Natural fiber (jute) is introduced, and later stages of the research
explore durability properties like sorptivity, acid attack, etc. The results indicate that concrete
with 1% jute fiber exhibits superior mechanical and durability properties compared to other
formulations. The study emphasizes the potential of using alternative materials like jute fiber
to enhance the environmental sustainability of High-Performance Concrete, providing a
greener solution for infrastructure development.

3) Avinash Singh et.al (2019)

This paper presents a experimental discussion on the subject of coconut fiber reinforced
concrete, CFRC. In this research it is shown that flexural strength of coconut fiber reinforced
concrete is directly proportional to the coconut fiber content and inversely proportional to the
water‐cement ratio. The various strength aspects analyzed are the flexural, compressive and
lastingness of the coconut fiber concrete at variable percentages (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%) by
the load of cement of fiber. This research is based on the use of coconut fibers in structural
concrete to enhance the mechanical properties of concrete. It is observed that CFRC can be
used to increase ultimate strength, durability because the satisfactory improvement in
strength is observed with the inclusion of coconut fibers but the gain in strength is found to
depend upon the amount of fiber content.

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4)Jawad Ahmad, Mohamed Moafak Arbili, Ali Majdi, Fadi Althoey, Ahmed Farouk
Deifalla, and Cut Rahmawati (Dec-2022)

The review discusses the potential of jute fiber (JTF) as a cost-effective and sustainable
alternative for reinforcing concrete. Researchers claim that JTF improves the strength and
durability of concrete, though limited information is available on its durability effects. The
optimum dosage of JTF ranges from 1% to 2%, with higher doses adversely affecting
concrete properties. The review emphasizes the need for further research to enhance JTF-
reinforced concrete properties. Concrete, a widely used building material, often faces issues
such as weak tension and low fracture strain, leading to the adoption of fiber-reinforced
concrete. While metallic fibers are commonly used, natural fibers like JTF offer a low-cost,
sustainable, and environmentally friendly alternative. The review highlights the positive
effects of JTF on compressive and tensile strength in concrete composites, making them
suitable for various construction applications. Jute fibers are praised for their mechanical
qualities, low cost, and environmental friendliness. The review concludes by calling for more
comprehensive research on JTF-reinforced concrete, particularly focusing on its durability
aspects and providing guidance for future studies.

5) M. J. Ienamul Hasan Ali et.al (2018)

“Experimental study on coir fiber mixed concrete”

This paper presents the versatility of coconut fiber is one of the natural fibers abundantly
available in tropical regions and is extracted from the husk of coconut fruit the properties of
composites of concrete in which coconut fibers are used as reinforcement, are discussed.
Coconut fibers reinforced composites have been used as cheap and durable non-structural
elements. The flexural strength of coir fiber reinforced concrete increases for 1%, 2%, 3% of
fiber used for M20 grade when compared with conventional concrete. The coir fiber
reinforced concrete is more effective than conventional concrete. The aim of this project is to
spread awareness of coconut fibers as a construction material in Civil Engineering.

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MATERIALS USED

These are the following materials used in the manufacturing of concrete. They are:
1. Cement
Portland Pozzolana Cement is produced by grinding together Portland cement clinker and
pozzolana with the addition of gypsum or calcium sulphate or by intimately and uniformly
blending Portland cement and fine pozzolana.

2. Fine aggregates
The sand is generally collected from the Bidar Region. Sand is the main component grading
zone-I of IS:383-1978.

3. Coarse aggregates
Mechanically crushed stone from a quarry situated in the Bidar Region with 20 mm
maximum size, satisfying to IS: 383-1978 was used.

4. Coconut fiber
Raw coconut fiber and processed coconut fiber both are used in this work. Treatment of
fibers removes dust and other particles left on fiber to augment the surface of contact
between fiber and mix resulting in better binding between reinforcement and concrete results
ultimate high strength.

5. Alccofine
Alccofine is a type of supplementary cementitious material (SCM) that is often used as a
mineral admixture in concrete. It is typically used in partial replacement of cement to
enhance various properties of concrete.

6. Water
According to I.S 456:2000, water used for mixing and curing shall be clean and free from
injuries amounts of oils, acids, alkalis, salts, sugar and organic materials or any other
substances that may be detorious to concrete and steel. pH value of water used for mixing the
concrete shall be less than 6.
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TEST CONDUCTED ON MATERIALS

1. Cement
> Specific gravity of cement
> Determination of Initial setting time of cement
> Determination of Final Setting Time

2. Aggregates (Fine, Coarse)

> Specific Gravity of Fine Aggregate
> Determination of crushing test
> Sieve Analysis

3. Concrete
> Workability test (Slump test)
> Determination of compressive strength of concrete cubes
>Split tensile strength

MATERIAL REQUIRED FOR STANDARD CUBE

Vol. of cube = 150mm x 150mm x 150mm
= 0.15m x 0.15m x 0.15m
= 0.003375m^{3} .

Wt. of dry = 1.54 x dry vol.

= 1.54 x 0.003375
= 0.005197m^{3}.

Density of concrete = 2400kg/m^{3} .

Weight of material = vol. x density
= 0.003375 x 2400
= 12.47kg

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Add 10% wastage = 12.47 + 12-47x10/100

= 13.71approx 14kg

Design of mix proportion:-

1) wt. of cement = 14 / (1+1+2) = 3.5 kg.( Replacing cement by Alccofine by 20% & jute by
1.5% & 3%)
2) wt. of fine aggregate =3.5kg.

3) wt. of Coarse aggregate = 7.0 kg.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

•The primary objective of this study is to assess the impact of adding coconut fibers (jute)
and Alccofine on the compressive strength of concrete.
• To reduce the quantity of cement & to reuse/ recycle the waste material in construction

METHODOLOGY

Concrete mixtures with varying percentages of coconut fibers and Alccofine as partial
replacements for cement will be prepared.
Mechanical tests, including compressive strength, flexural strength, and tensile strength,
will be conducted on concrete cubes.
Workability tests, such as slump tests, will assess the impact on concrete handling
characteristics.
Environmental assessments will consider the embodied energy and carbon emissions
associated with the production of these modified concrete mixtures.

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REFERENCES

1. P. Narasimha Reddy & J. Ahmed Naqash, 2019, Development of high early strength in
concrete incorporating alccofine and non-chloride accelerator, SN Applied Sciences, 1(7),
p.755.
2. Balamurali Krishnan R. & Saravanan J.,2019, Study on Bond Strength of Alccofine Based
Normal and High Strength Concrete, Civil Engineering Journal, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp 679-698
3. JangraP., Singhal D., Junaid, M.T.& Jindal, B.B., 2018. Mechanical and microstructural
properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete incorporating alccofine at ambient curing,
Construction and Building Materials, 180, pp.298-307.
4. P. R. Kalyana Chakravarthy & R. Rathan Raj,2017, analysis on compressive strength of
concrete with partial replacement of cement with alccofine, ARPN Journal of Engineering
and Applied Sciences, VOL. 12, NO. 8.
5. M.J. Ienamul Hasan Ali, S.Senthamizh Sankar, K.Saikumar,
“Experimental study on coir fibre mixed concrete”,2018

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