WRITTEN REPORT

IN
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT-
URD_IC1

Submitted by:
FRENZ SHAMERA DE GUZMAN
DAVE S. ESPEJO
MARIZ GALLIGUEZ
PAULINE OCLIMA
JOSHUA RAGUINDIN
NELSON QUINIONES

Submitted to:
Mrs. Shirley Layona

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 WRITTEN REPORT FOR CHAPTER. 2

Chapter 2: Self- Awareness and Self Concept

TOPIC OUTLINE

• Self assessment and goal setting

• Understanding self-concept
• Identifying strenghts and weaknesses
• Building self esteem and self confidence
• Basic personality traits: five major model of personality/ “big five” (ocean)
• Personal branding
• Four major approaches on personality

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the discussion, the students will be able to achieve the following learning
outcomes:
• Define Self Awareness and Self Concept
• Demonstrate knowledge of Self Awareness and Self Concept

DISCUSSION

SELF ASSESSMENT AND GOAL SETTING

Self- assessment
• Self-assessments are a great way to analyze your work performance and any areas for growth. You
can customize self-assessments to include the criteria that best fit your life and professional career.
• Self- assessment is the act or process of analyzing and evaluating oneself or one’s actions

- Self-assessment provides students with an opportunity to self-evaluate, or make judgments

about their learning process and products of learning, based on criteria that they have
agreed on with their instructor.
- As they learn, most students are already informally evaluating their own work and giving
themselves feedback. For example, by proof-reading an assignment before handing it in,
and making changes to improve it, students are assessing their work. Despite its importance
in the learning process, self-assessment is not a skill that is explicitly taught in the classroom.

Importance of Self- assessment

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A self-assessment is a process through which you can learn more about yourself and measure your
growth. You can perform self-assessments according to a variety of criteria, including development,
skills and relationships.

Goal Setting
• Goal Setting is a process for thinking about your ideal future and for motivating yourself to turn this
vision of the future into reality.
• Properly set goals can be incredibly motivating and as you get into the habit of setting and
achieving goals, you will find your self confidence builds fast.

- Goal setting process also serves as a motivational tool that helps people focus their efforts,
stay on track, and measure their progress. It can help increase accountability and ensure that
resources are used effectively and efficiently.
- Goal setting is everywhere in our world. We set goals for our careers, our health, and our
lives in general. It seems modern society is always encouraging us to think about the next
milestone.

Importance of Goal Setting

Setting goals is an effective way to increase motivation and to help you to create the changes you
want. It can be used to improve health and relationships, or improve productivity at work.

UNDERSTANDING SELF-CONCEPT
SELF CONCEPT
-The Self Concept is an internalized set of perception each of us have about ourselves that is relatively
stable overtime, consistent across resistant to change and of central importance to us.
Caproni, 2000

DIMENSIONS OF SELF-CONCEPT
Self-knowledge — “Who am I?”
Self-expectation — “Who or what do I want to be?”
Social self – How person perceived by others?
Self-evaluation — “How well do I like myself?”

SELF KNOWLEDGE
Global self: is the term used to describe the composite of all basic facts, qualities, traits, images and
feelings one holds about oneself.
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It includes:
Basic facts: sex, age, race, occupation, cultural background, sexual orientation
Person’s position with social groups
Qualities or traits that describe typical behaviours, feelings, moods and other characteristics
(generous, hot-headed , ambitious, intelligent, sexy

DEVELOPMENT OF SELF CONCEPT

• Self-concept evolves throughout life and depends to an extent on an individual’s
developmental level.
• Self-concept is composes of our beliefs, interest, skills, strengths, weaknesses, and what makes
us similar to others.
• It influences our fundamental beliefs about who we are, who we should be and who we become.
• It is socially constructed throughout our life and influences who we become.
STAGES IN DEVELOPMENT OF SELF
• Self-awareness (infancy)
• Self-recognition (18 months)
• Self-definition (3 years)
• Self-concept (6 to 7 years)
FACTORS AFFECTING SELF-CONCEPT
• Altered Health Status
• Experience
• Developmental considerations
• Culture
• Internal and external resources
• History of success and failure
• Crisis or life stressors
• Aging, illness, or trauma
COMPONENTS OF SELF-CONCEPT
1.Identity
• A sense of personal identity is what sets one person apart as a unique individual.
• Identity includes a person’s name, gender, ethnic identity, family status, occupation, and roles.
• One’s personal identity begins to develop during childhood and is constantly reinforced and
modified throughout life.
2.Body image
• Body image is an attitude about one’s physical attributes and characteristics, appearance, and
performance
• Body image is dynamic because any change in body structure or function, including the normal
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 changes of growth and development, can affect it.
3.Self-esteem
• Self-esteem is the judgment of personal performance compared with the self-ideal.
• Self-esteem is derived from a sense of giving and receiving love, and being respected by
others.
4.Role performance
• Role refers to a set of expected behaviors determined by familial, cultural, and social
norms.The level of self-esteem is dependent upon the self-perception of adequate role
performance in these various social roles.

IDENTIFYING STRENGHTS AND WEAKNESSES

What Is Strength?
Strengths are defined as positive character traits or skills that are considered positive. Strengths
include knowledge, attributes, skills, and talents.

What is Weaknesses?
Weaknesses are just the opposite. Weaknesses are defined as character traits or skills that are
considered negative or not as well developed. Weaknesses include blind spots, poorly developed
skills, or problematic personal behaviors.

Knowing your strengths and weaknesses can help you make positive changes in your life, allowing
you to identify areas for improvement and capitalize on the skills that come naturally to you. Having a
weakness doesn’t mean that you have a complete lack of a particular strength. It just means you tend
to have less of that strength. Or it means that one aspect of yourself isn’t as strong as your other
strengths.

The goal is to understand our strengths so we can better use them and understand our weaknesses so
we can improve them.

Understanding a development subject’s self-awareness and self-concept is crucial for effective

guidance and support. Here’s how to identify their strengths and weaknesses in these areas:
Strengths:
❖ Improved decision-making: By understanding your motivations, biases, and limitations, you
can make more informed and objective decisions.
Example : A student, aware of their tendency to procrastinate, chooses to set smaller deadlines and
seek help early when facing academic challenges. This self-awareness allows them to make informed
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decisions that lead to improved academic performance and reduced stress.

❖ Enhanced emotional intelligence: Self-awareness allows you to recognize your emotions and
their impact on your behavior, leading to better emotional regulation and communication.
Example : A leader, aware of their tendency to get frustrated under pressure, takes deep breaths and
uses calming techniques before entering a potentially tense meeting with colleagues. This self-
awareness allows them to manage their emotions effectively, leading to a more productive and
positive outcome.

❖ Increased self-efficacy: Recognizing your strengths and capabilities fosters a sense of

confidence and empowers you to take on challenges.
Example: A shy individual, recognizing their strength in written communication, volunteers to write a
proposal for a group project.This self-awareness empowers them to contribute effectively in a way
that aligns with their strengths, boosting their confidence and sense of accomplishment.

❖ Stronger relationships: Understanding yourself allows you to understand others better and
build more authentic and empathetic connections.
Example : A parent, recognizing their child’s frustration with math homework, adjusts their approach
by providing specific guidance and encouragement instead of harsh criticism. This self-awareness
allows them to tailor their communication to match the child’s needs, fostering a supportive and
understanding relationship that promotes learning and growth.

Weaknesses:
❖ Overthinking: Excessive self-awareness can lead to overthinking and indecisiveness,
paralyzing you from taking action.
Example : A student, aware of all the pros and cons of different colleges, spends months analyzing
their options and struggles to make a final decision, missing application deadlines. Their excessive
self-awareness leads to overthinking and hinders their ability to take action.

❖ Self-criticism: Unhealthy levels of self-awareness can lead to self-doubt and harsh self-
criticism, hindering personal growth.
Example : An artist, constantly comparing their work to others and criticizing their own style, fails to
appreciate their creativity and struggles to pursue their passion. Their self-awareness fuels self-doubt
and hinders them from exploring their artistic potential.

❖ Blind spots: It’s easy to miss aspects of yourself, and external feedback can be crucial to identify
blind spots in your self-awareness.

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Example : A friend, unaware of their passive-aggressive communication style, unintentionally hurts
their close friends. **Their lack of self-awareness in this area can be addressed through honest and
respectful feedback from friends, helping them improve their communication skills.
Self-Concept:
Strengths:
❖ Provides direction and purpose: A positive self-concept motivates you to pursue goals and
aspirations aligned with your values and beliefs.
Example: An individual, who values creativity and self-expression, starts a blog to share their writing
and artwork despite initial fear of public judgment. **Their positive self-concept allows them to
explore their passions and share their unique perspective with the world.
❖ Increases resilience: A strong self-concept helps you bounce back from setbacks and
challenges with greater confidence and determination.
Example: An entrepreneur, facing financial difficulties in their business, utilizes their positive self-
concept to learn from mistakes, adapt their strategies, and persevere through the challenges. **They
believe in their abilities and remain confident in the long-term success of their venture.
❖ Boosts self-esteem: A positive self-concept fosters self-acceptance and appreciation,
contributing to overall well-being.
Example: An individual, who embraces their unique cultural background, feels confident and
accepted within their community regardless of occasional biases or prejudices they may encounter.
**Their positive self-concept fosters self-acceptance and allows them to navigate social interactions
with a sense of pride and confidence

Weaknesses:
❖ Inaccurate self-perception: Our self-concept can be distorted by external influences or past
experiences, leading to unrealistic expectations and self-defeating behaviors.
Example: An individual, falsely believing themselves to be universally disliked, avoids social
situations and isolates themselves. This distorted self-concept prevents them from forming meaningful
relationships and experiencing the joys of social interaction.

❖ Limited growth: A rigid self-concept can hinder you from learning and adapting, resisting
change and new experiences.
Example:A person, clinging to the belief that they are bad at public speaking, refuses to participate
in presentations or activities that involve public speaking. This resistance to change prevents them
from learning new skills and overcoming their fear, hindering personal growth.
❖ Difficulty with feedback: A fragile self-concept may lead to defensiveness and resistance to
feedback, hindering self-improvement.

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Example: An athlete, unable to handle criticism, interprets any feedback from their coach as personal
attacks, hindering their ability to learn and improve their performance. Their fragile self-concept
prevents them from utilizing feedback as a tool for growth

Why Is It Important to Know Your Strengths and Weaknesses?

There are lots of reasons why we should explore our strengths and weaknesses. Here are 5:
1. It Increases Self-Awareness

When you spend time reflecting on your strengths and weaknesses, you get to know your true
self better. This helps you make decisions that better reflect your true self and make you happy.

2. It Helps You Understand Others

It’s interesting how self-awareness can also help you become more aware of others and boost
empathy. This can improve relationships and create mutual understanding.

3. It Shows You What to Focus On

When we know our strengths, we can make an effort to put them to better use and increase our
chances for success.

4. It Shows You What You Need to Improve

When we know our weaknesses (especially weaknesses that are hurting our well-being), we
can better address them, improve, and increase our chances for success.

5. It Can Help You Appreciate Yourself More

When you have a list of all the things you are good at, you can more easily see and appreciate
all your talents and skills and increase your self-confidence.

Self-awareness and self-concept, while interconnected, are distinct aspects of understanding

ourselves. Self-awareness is the ability to objectively assess our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors,
while self-concept is our personal perception of ourselves, encompassing our strengths, weaknesses,
values, and beliefs.

Identifying your strengths and weaknesses is an important part of self-improvement. By evaluating the

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areas where you excel, as well as the areas you need to work on, you can gain a better understanding
of yourself and set goals for growth.

Strengths allow you to take advantage of opportunities in life, while weaknesses can be identified and
worked on in order to become a better and more successful version of yourself. Ultimately, by
recognizing your strengths and weaknesses, you can create a plan for self-improvement and become
the best version of yourself.

Similarly, a positive self-concept provides direction, boosts resilience, and fosters self-esteem.
However, an inaccurate or rigid self-concept can lead to distorted perceptions, limiting growth and
hindering our ability to learn and adapt.

Therefore, identifying our strengths and weaknesses in both self-awareness and self-concept is
essential. This journey of self-discovery allows us to leverage our strengths, address weaknesses, and
ultimately reach our full potential.

BUILDING SELF ESTEEM AND SELF CONFIDENCE

Healthy self-esteem and self-confidence can help you lead a more fulfilling life.
Self-esteem and self-confidence overlap, but they are different.
What is self-esteem?
Self-esteem refers to whether you appreciate and value yourself. Your self-esteem develops and
changes as a result of your life experiences and interactions with other people. It is how we think and
feel about ourselves.
If we have high self-esteem, the way we think and feel about ourselves is likely to be positive. But
if we have low self-esteem, we may find that the way we think and feel about ourselves is
more negative, and we may feel less able to stand up for ourselves.
What is Self-confidence?
Self-confidence is your belief in yourself and your abilities. This can change depending on the
situation. It’s normal to feel quite confident in some circumstances and less confident in others.

What can affect our confidence and self-esteem?

Positive experiences can boost our confidence and self-esteem, like doing well on a test, getting
a compliment on how we look, or doing something nice for a friend or neighbor.
Negative experiences can lower our confidence and self-esteem, like going through a breakup
or being teased about our appearance.
Many people experience low self-esteem or low self-confidence. Some are only affected in
particular situations, but for others it can be restricting or debilitating.
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If you have low self-esteem or low self-confidence, you may find that individual negative or
disappointing experiences affect how you feel about yourself. This can cause a self-perpetuating
cycle of negative thinking where negative expectations for the future discourage you from trying.
This leads to disappointing outcomes.
For example, if you’re lacking self-confidence and receive a low mark for an assignment, you may
think, “What else could I expect? I’m stupid. This proves it, and I might as well leave.”
If you have healthy self-esteem and receive a low mark, you may think, “I wonder where I went
wrong? I’ll find out so that I can do better next time.” Although you may feel disappointed by the low
mark, you don’t feel diminished as a person.
Low self-confidence can result in:
• Shyness
• Communication difficulties
• Social anxiety
• Lack of assertiveness.

Ways to improve your self-esteem and self-confidence

Here are some things you can do to better understand your needs and build your self-esteem and
self-confidence.
1.Practise self-acceptance
Becoming more accepting of yourself helps you to feel OK about yourself and other people,
regardless of the situation.
Everyone makes mistakes. When you practice self-acceptance you can:
• acknowledge that mistakes are part of learning
• identify ways you may be able to solve problems differently or change to get a different
outcome
A 2015 study connects self-compassion with self-confidence. So the next time you're in a challenging
situation, recognize that being imperfect or falling short at times is a part of being human. Do your
best to navigate these experiences with compassion toward yourself.

2. Get to know yourself

Take notice of experiences or thoughts that increase or decrease your self-confidence or self-
esteem.
Identify your strengths, abilities and achievements. Be honest and include everything you're proud
of, no matter how small. Think about what they mean to you and why they're important to you.
Think about what you'd like to change or improve about yourself, and how you can do that.

3. Stop Comparing Yourself to Others

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Do you compare how you look to people you follow on Instagram? Or maybe you compare your
salary to what your friend earns. Social comparison theory explains that making comparisons is
natural. But it isn't likely to help boost your self-confidence. It may even have the opposite effect.

A 2018 study published in Personality and Individual Differences found a direct link between envy
and the way we feel about ourselves. Specifically, researchers noted that when people compare
themselves to others, they experience envy. And the more envy they have, the worse they feel about
themselves.

How do you build self-confidence when you notice that you are drawing comparisons? First, remind
yourself that doing so isn’t helpful. Everyone is running their own race and life isn’t a competition.
If you’re feeling envious of someone else’s life, it's also helpful to remember your own strengths and
successes. Keep a gratitude journal to better recall the areas in life where you are blessed. This can
help you focus on your own life versus focusing on the lives of others.

4. Surround Yourself With Positive People

Take a moment and think about how your friends make you feel. Do they lift you up, or do they bring
you down? Are they constantly judging you, or do they accept you for who you are?
The people you spend time with can influence your thoughts and attitudes about yourself, perhaps
more than you realize. So, pay attention to how others make you feel. If you feel bad about yourself
after hanging out with a particular person, it may be time to say goodbye.

Instead, surround yourself with people who love you and want the best for you. Seek out others who
are positive and can help build your confidence. Self-confidence and a positive attitude go hand-in-
hand.

5. Practice Positive Self-Talk

Negative self-talk can limit your abilities and lessen your self-confidence by convincing your
subconscious that you "can't handle" something or that it is "too hard" and you "shouldn't even
try." Self-talk that is optimistic, on the other hand, can foster self-compassion and help you overcome
self-doubt and take on new challenges.
The next time you begin to think that you have no business speaking up in a meeting or that you are
too out of shape to work out, remind yourself that your thoughts aren’t always accurate. Then find a
way to turn those thoughts around into more positive self-talk.

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Here are a few examples of ways to challenge pessimistic self-talk and reframe your thoughts into a
more positive way of thinking, increasing your self-confidence along the way:
• "I can't handle this" or "This is impossible" becomes "I can do this" or "All I have to do is try."
• "I can't do anything right" becomes "I can do better next time" or "At least I learned
something."
• "I hate public speaking" becomes "I don't like public speaking" and "Everyone has strengths
and weaknesses."
Recognize and challenge your inner critic. Focus on the messages that make you value yourself, and
turn down those that make you think negatively about your value or ability. Reprogram your thinking
with positive self-talk and affirmations.

6. Be more assertive
Learn to assert your needs. Don't feel guilty about asking others for what you want, or saying no to
what you don't want.

7. Make changes in your life

You may decide you want to make changes in your life to improve your self-esteem and self-
confidence.
Think about what you can change that will improve how you feel about yourself. For example, you
may want to make changes in your studies, job or relationships, or develop new skills.
Here are some areas you can explore for positive changes:
• Focus on your strengths
• Set goals and achieve it
• Learn something new
• Help others
• Take care of yourself

8. Reward yourself
Celebrate your achievements as you practice building your self-esteem and self-confidence. Make
time to treat yourself with experiences and activities you value.
Recognize and acknowledge your successes: No matter how small, take the time to appreciate your
accomplishments, big or small.
Remember, building self-esteem and self-confidence is an ongoing process. Be patient with yourself,
celebrate your progress, and seek professional support if needed.

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 BASIC PERSONALITY TRAITS: FIVE MAJOR MODEL OF
PERSONALITY/ “BIG FIVE” (OCEAN)
The five factor personality traits make up a model that can be used to better understand an individual’s
overall personality.
“OCEAN” is an acronym used to represent the Big Five personality traits, which include openness,
conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness and neuroticism.
The OCEAN personality traits tend to stay relatively stable throughout an individual’s life and can be
a useful way to better understand people’s behaviors and actions.
1. Openness to experience
Openness to experience represents how a willingness to try new things and the ability to engage in
abstract and complex ideas. It’s also described as the depth and complexity of an individual’s mental
life and people may refer to it as intellect or imagination. When analyzing this personality trait, some
people may be very inventive, curious and willing to try new experiences while others may be more
consistent and cautious. Common traits related to a high openness to experience value include:
• Insightfulness
• Imagination
• Varied interests
• Curiosity
• Intellect
• Perceptiveness
• Willingness to try new things
• Drive for exploration
An individual who scores high in the openness to experience factor is likely someone who loves to
learn, enjoys the arts and likes meeting new people. A person who scores low in this factor prefers
routine and tradition and likes to focus on factual or logical ideas. They may enjoy accounting since
it’s a field involving numbers and rules that are relatively clear to follow.
2. Conscientiousness
Conscientiousness refers to an individual’s desire to be careful and diligent. People who have a strong
conscientiousness personality trait are often self-disciplined so they can achieve clear long-term
goals. Those with high conscientiousness may choose to endure short-term challenges to achieve
long-term gains. Some characteristics that this category measures include consistency, reliability and
ambition.
Common traits related to conscientiousness include:
• Self-discipline
• Consistency
• Dependability

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 • Persistence
• Planning
• Ambition
• Control
• Resourcefulness
People who score high in conscientiousness prefer to have a clear and detailed plan. When working
with a team of people, conflict can arise if the team is led by someone who doesn’t articulate a clear
plan. In this situation, a person with high conscientiousness can demonstrate leadership by providing
organization to the team and creating an action plan. This is an important trait in an organizational
leader since employees typically prefer to follow someone with a definitive plan for the future. Those
who score low in conscientiousness tend to procrastinate and be more impulsive.
3. Extroversion
Individuals who feel energized after social interactions may score high in this personality trait, while
individuals who recharge by spending time alone may have a low score on the extroversion scale.
Some characteristics that the extroversion category measures include how energetic and outgoing a
person is. People who score high in extroversion may enjoy social events and gatherings and seek out
opportunities to meet new people. Common traits related to extroversion include:
• Social confidence
• Talkativeness
• Energy
• Outgoing nature
• Assertiveness
• Ability to articulate
• Tendency for affection
• Friendliness
People high in extroversion process their ideas externally, which shows up as talkativeness. Whereas,
people low on extroversion will process internally and be very intentional about the words they speak,
revealing their thoughts only when they’re clear and well-considered. In both instances, it’s very
important for individuals to be aware of their own level of extroversion and seek out the opinions of
others who are less extroverted when in professional and social settings.
4. Agreeableness
The fourth personality trait in the OCEAN model is agreeableness, which refers to how an individual
interacts with others, specifically how they consider the needs of others in relation to their own.
Agreeable people generally have high levels of empathy and can consider others’ perspectives and
make decisions to take care of others. People low in agreeableness tend to make decisions based on
their own needs without much consideration for the impact they have on those around them. Common
traits related to agreeableness include:
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 • Altruism
• Politeness
• Kindness
• Consideration
• Selflessness
• Patience
• Humbleness
• Trust
Individuals who score high in the agreeableness personality trait are generally well-liked and tend to
follow the rules. Those who score low in this area tend to have strong opinions and may frequently
challenge social norms and ideas. It’s important to note that agreeableness doesn’t indicate that
someone is weak-willed. Someone can be very agreeable with regards to giving people the space to
share their opinions and ideas, while also compassionately communicating why they will not align with
or agree to the other person’s perspective.
5. Neuroticism
The fifth and final personality trait in the OCEAN model is neuroticism, which is the expression of
negative or fear-based emotions. People who are low in self-regulation are high in neuroticism. This
category is used to identify personality traits that may be challenging in the workplace. People who
have powerful emotional reactions may score high in this area.
Common traits related to neuroticism include:
• Awkwardness
• Anxiety
• Wariness
• Jealousy
• Pessimism
• Instability
• Insecurity
• Fearfulness
Individuals who score high in the neuroticism personality trait may have a challenging time managing
their emotions when under stress, including in social situations or during professional meetings.
Individuals who score low in the neuroticism personality trait often have lower stress levels, are
typically more adaptable and tend to be more sure of themselves and their decisions.

PERSONAL BRANDING
What is Personal Branding?

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Personal brand refers to how you promote yourself. It is the expertise, experience and personality
that you want everyone else to see about you. It can be a combination of how the media depicts you,
the idea people get from the information they find about you online and how they perceive you in real
life. You can use your personal branding to set yourself apart from others.
Professionally, your personal brand is the image that people see of you. It can be a combination of
how they look at you in real life, how the media portrays you, and the impression that people gain from
the information about you available online.
Why is a personal brand important?
Personal brand is key to your professional success as it revolves around how you present yourself to
everyone. It gives you the opportunity to highlight your strengths and your passions. It helps people
believe they know you better, and people have much higher trust in those they feel they know; even
pubic people they have never met personally.
Below are some elements that form the foundations of your personal branding:
1. Personality
2. Values - guiding principles that influence how you feel, act, and respond.
3. Passions and Interests – things that make you attractive to others and inspire you. When you
know what motivates you, you can look for ways to connect your interests to what you do and
how you do it.
4. Strengths- qualities that powers you.
5. Education and Work Experience
6. Influencers and Inspirations- somebody whom you admire and strive to be like
7. Your Look and Style- Your ‘packaging’ consists of your clothing, hair/makeup, and accessories.
Whatever your profession or personality, you should have your own personal “dress code”
that is based on your individual appearance and aligned with your personal brand and
objectives.
8. Goals- It’s about “getting to where you want to go and accomplishing your goals.” What do you
want to be doing in the next three to five years? What do you want to be in the future?
9. Target Market- Your target are the individuals and organizations to whom your messages will
be tailored. It could be a business, its employees, or its stakeholders.
10. Peer circle and associations – Somebody who assist you in defining yourself and where you’re
coming from. Mentors, business friends, and everyone else who helps you identify who you
are and what you do are examples of these people.
The benefits of personal branding
Improved credibility as you showcase your skills and highlight your knowledge.
Differentiation as you explain what sets you apart from other people in your space and demonstrate
your specialties.
A lasting impression – the more you show off your personal brand, the more you’ll give people a

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way to remember you.
Connection to your target audience as they begin to understand who you are and what you stand
for.
Importantly, personal branding often involves communicating your identity to the right people. Not
everyone will resonate with your personal brand, so it’s important to decide who you want to connect
with before you start your branding process.

FOUR MAJOR APPROACHES ON PERSONALITY

a. Psychodynamic approaches
-Psychology from a psychodynamic perspective emphasizes the internal, unconscious mental factors
that shape people's feelings and behaviors but are generally unknown to them. Underlying fears and
wants that are deeply ingrained in the mind but have an impact on personality and behavior are
examples of unconscious psychological activity.

According to the psychodynamic approach, childhood experiences are crucial elements within
personality formation and will continue to affect behavior and emotions into adulthood. Per this
perspective, personalities are created by conflicts between biological drives for instant gratification
and the more socially acceptable desire to control uninhibited urges. Freud stated that personality is
developed amidst the struggle to establish stability between these two forces, which are known as the
id and the superego.

To provide an illustration of the psychodynamic approach, a few cases could be examined. Fictional
client Mary is seeking treatment because her anxiety is so severe that it is interfering with her day-to-
day activities. Mary would be assisted by a contemporary therapist who specializes in the
psychodynamic technique in exploring her early experiences and any triggers for her anxiety. In the
course of treatment, Mary opens up about a painful experience she suppressed while she was in
kindergarten: she got lost on a field trip and was abandoned by the bus, which left her feeling terribly
scared and anxious for hours until she was located. Now that the cause of Mary's worry has been
identified, she can make sense of her actions and collaborate with her therapist to create effective
coping strategies.

b. Humanistic approach
-As a reaction against behaviorist and psychodynamic psychology's perceived shortcomings, the
humanistic approach to psychology emerged.

Thus, following behaviorism and psychoanalysis, the humanistic approach is frequently referred to as
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the "third force" in psychology (Maslow, 1968).

The behaviorist viewpoint, which is defined as deterministic, concentrated on reinforcing stimulus-

response behavior, and mostly reliant on animal research, was rejected by humanism.

Compared to the other methods, the humanistic approach has been used in comparatively few fields
of psychology. As a result, its contributions are confined to fields like education, personality,
abnormality, motivation, and therapy.

Client-centered treatment is a popular approach in social work, health, and business. Numerous
people have benefited greatly from this therapy by using it to assist them overcome life's challenges,
which has raised their quality of life.

c.trait approach
-Trait theory lends credence to the trait approach. It asserts that traits that remain constant and stable
over extended stretches of time define an individual's personality. According to the trait theory of
personality, personality differences are explained by an individual's strength and intensity of a set of
basic qualities that all people possess. One of the main theoretical strands in personality research is
the trait approach to personality.

Allport (1961, p.347) defined a trait as a "neuropsychic structure having the capacity to render naby
stimuli functionally equivalent, and to initiate and guide equivalent (meaqninfully consistent) forms of
adaptive and expressive behavior" (cited in Zaccarro et al., 2004, p.103).

d. social cognitive approach

-According to the Social Cognitive Theory of Personality, behavior, social factors, and cognitive
variables interact to shape an individual's personality. The term "social factors" describes those that
are picked up by observation. Cognitive interpretations of the social context that is observed give rise
to cognitive variables. The two aforementioned components determine personality, which is
expressed in conduct. Behavior, social circumstances, and cognitive variables all impact and are
influenced by one another. This interaction, which implies that they are all impacted by one another,
is known as reciprocal determinism.

Social cognition is the process of analyzing and watching the conduct of others. Our choice of behavior
in social circumstances is directly influenced by the assessments and judgments we make of the
actions of others. A youngster is more likely to choose to answer questions in the future in the hopes
of receiving a reward if they witness a classmate get a reward for providing an answer.

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The social cognitive viewpoint focuses on how people's decisions about how to behave are closely
tied to how they observe other people behaving.

REFERENCES

https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/self-assessments

https://positivepsychology.com/goal-setting/

https://www.slideshare.net/AditiPandey48/self-concept-133813416

https://slideplayer.com/slide/5904800/
https://my.uq.edu.au/information-and-services/student-support/health-and-wellbeing/self-help-
resources/self-esteem-and-self-confidence

https://www.mind.org.uk/for-young-people/feelings-and-experiences/confidence-and-self-esteem/

https://influencermarketinghub.com/what-is-personal
branding/#:~:text=Your%20personal%20brand%20is%20how,and%20unspoken%20words%2C
%20and%20attitudes.

https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/ocean-
personality#:~:text=The%20five%20traits%20measured%20in,%2C%20extroversion%2C%20a
greeableness%20and%20neuroticism.

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-identify-your-personal-strengths-weaknesses-muslim-
ameer#:~:text=Cultivating%20self%2Dawareness%20is%20key,you%20react%20in%20particular
%20situations.

https://www.berkeleywellbeing.com/strengths.html

MacCrae, R. & Acosta, P. (1999)."The Five-Factor Theory of Personality

Journal: Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research."The Guilford Press.978-1572306956

Allport, G.(1937)."Personality: A Psychological Interpretation".Holt, Rinehart and Winston

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 Roger, C.(1961). "On Becoming a Person: A Therapist's View of Psychotherapy".Hough

Group 1: Chapter 2 (Names)

FRENZ SHAMERA DE GUZMAN

DAVE S. ESPEJO
MARIZ GALLIGUEZ
PAULINE OCLIMA
JOSHUA RAGUINDIN
NELSON QUINIONES

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