Pre-Calculus KAP First Semester Final Review

Do on your own paper

Chapter 1
Sketch a graph of each of the functions in Problems 1 - 6. Then state the domain and range of the
function.
1
1. y = x −3 2. y = 2
x
−1
3. y= 4. y = x2 – 4
( x + 1)
2

5. y = x3 6. y = (x – 4)3

In Problems 7 and 8, use a graph to help you find the range of each function on the given domain.
1
7. y = , −2  x  2 8. y = 9 − x2 , −3  x  1
x

9. Find the domain and range for each of the following functions algebraically:
(a) m(x) = 9 – x (b) n(x) = 9 – x4 (c) q( x ) = x2 − 9

10. Given the piecewise function, answer the following:

a. Use interval notation to express the function as increasing

or decreasing.
b. Write the domain of the function.
c. Write the range of the function.
d. Write the equations for the piecewise function.

11. Given the piecewise function, answer the following:

a. Write the domain of the function.
b. Write the range of the function.
c. Write the equations for the piecewise function.

12. When does a function have an inverse that is also a function?

13. Find the inverses of the following functions:

x+2 3 + 2x
a. f ( x ) = −2x − 7 b. f(x) = c. f(x) =
x −2 2 − 5x

1
14. Find the formulas for the following functions: Let f ( x ) = x 2 + 1, g ( x ) = , and h ( x ) = x
x−3
a. (
f g( x ) ) b. (
g f(x) ) c. ((
g f h( x ) ))
15. Find the following values: Let f ( x ) = 2x + 3 , g ( x ) = 3x − 2 , and h ( x ) = x − 6
g ( 3 ) + 4f (1)
a. h (4) − 3g (2) b. c. 5f (−3) − 2g (1)
−3h ( 4 )
16. Which of the trigonometric functions are even and which are odd?

Graph the piecewise-defined functions in 17 and 18. State the intervals the graph is increasing or
decreasing.
 2
x , x0  x + 1, −2  x  0
 
17. f(x) =  x , 0x4 18. f ( x ) =  x − 1, 0x2
x  x − 3, 2  x  4
 , x4 
2

19. Find the inverse of the following functions.

3 + 2x
a) f(x) = –2x – 7 b) f ( x ) =
2 − 5x

In 20 – 22, determine the domain and a rule for f + g, f – g, fg, and f/g.

20. f(x) = 2x – 1; g(x) = x2 21. f(x) = x2; g(x) = 2x

2x − 1
22. f(x) = x + 3; g(x) =
3
x+4
23. Determine the domain and range, and find a complete graph for f ( x ) = .
x+4

In 24 and 25, find ( f g)( 3 ) and ( g f )( −2 ) .

24. f(x) = x2 – 1; g(x) = 2x – 3 25. f(x) = 2x – 3; g(x) = x2 – 2x + 3

In 26 – 28, find both f g and g f and the domain and range for each composite.
1
26. f(x) = x2 – 1; g ( x ) = 27. f(x) = x2 – 2; g( x ) = x + 1
x −1
28. f(x) = x2 – 3; g( x ) = x + 2

In 29 and 30, find the average rate of change of the function over the given interval.

x+5
29. f(x) = , [-6,2] 30. f ( x ) = 3x 2 − 8x + 2 , [4, 8]
x −4

Chapter 2
Section 2.1-2.2
Name the leading coefficient, state the degree, describe the end behaviors, find the zeros, describe
the behavior around the zeros, find the y-intercept, state the number of turns in the graph; sketch the
graph; find the possible intervals of increase and decrease for the polynomial functions.

1. g(x) = x2(x + 4)(4 - x) 2. f(x) = (2x – 10)(x + 4)2

Give the specific equation for each polynomial.

3. 4.
Write the equation of each polynomial given a written description.
5. Find an equation of the cubic function whose graph passes through the points (2, 0) and (4, 6),
and is tangent to the x-axis at (7, 0).
6. If P(x) is a cubic polynomial such that P(-1) = P(3) = P(4) = 0 and P(0) = 24, find P(x).

Section 2.3
1. Find P(-3) if P(x) = 3x 5 + x 2 − x using synthetic division.
2. Find P(-5) if P(x) = 2x 4 + 9x 3 − x − 1using synthetic division.
3. Is x - 3 a factor of x 3 − 2x 2 + x + 6 ? Use the Remainder Theorem to justify your answer.
4. Is x + 2 a factor of x 3 − x 2 − 2x + 2 ? Use the Remainder Theorem to justify your answer.
6a3 + 11a2 − 4a − 9
5. Do the following operation .
3a − 2
6. Is x2 - 3 a factor of x 4 + 2x 3 − 2x 2 + 6x − 15 ? Work must be shown to justify your answer.
f ( x + h) − f ( x )
7. Find , if f(x) = x2 + 4x + 5.
h

Section 2.4
1. Find all possible roots: 3x 3 − x 2 − 18x + 6 = 0
2. Find a polynomial of degree 4 with roots 0, -3, and 2i.
3. Suppose a polynomial of degree 4 with real coefficients has roots of 5 + 4i, 0, and 2. Find the other
root(s). Write as a polynomial function.
4. Find a polynomial of lowest degree with real coefficients that has 0, 3i, and 5 as some of its
roots.
5. Find a cubic equation with integral coefficients having the given roots: 3 and 7 - i.
6. Find the number of positive real zeros and negative real zeros in f(x) = 3x 5 − x 4 + 3x 3 − 5x 2 − 3x − 1
7. Solve by the best method:
a. 10y3 − 3 = 6y2 − 5y b. 27g3 = 125
c. a4 − 5a2 − 36 = 0 d. x 4 + 10x 3 + 33x 2 + 38x + 8 = 0
8. In a fit of frustration, your Pre-Calculus teacher throws a piece of chalk into the air with an initial
velocity of 80 feet per second. The height of the chalk t seconds after it is thrown is given
by the
formula h(t) = 80t - 16t2.
a. How high is the chalk after 1 second? (Ignore the fact that there is a ceiling in the classroom.)
b. What is its maximum height?
c. After how many seconds will it return to the ground?

9. A manufacturer uses an 8 cm by 14 cm piece of sheet metal to make an open top box by cutting
out squares from the corners.
a. Express the volume of the box as a function of x.
b. What is the domain of V?
c. Find the approximate value of x to the nearest thousandth that maximizes the volume. Then give
the approximate maximum volume to the nearest thousandth.
10. A local theater manager determines that 700 tickets for a movie may be sold if the ticket price is
$5 per ticket. He also estimates that for each 25 cent increase in the price, 10 customers will not
purchase tickets. Under these conditions, what is the maximum possible income and what ticket
price should be set?

Section 2.5
Graph. Make sure to label intercepts, asymptotes, and any undefined points. Find the domain in
interval notation.
x 2 − 2x − 3 x 2 − 2x
1. y= 2 2. y = 2
x − 2x + 1 x −4
 x−4 5x
3. y= 2
4. y =
x +x −2 x2 − 1
x2 + 1 4
5. f(x) = 6. y = 2
x+3 x +1

7. y=
( x − 3)( x − 2) 8. f ( x ) =
x2 + x − 2
( x + 1) ( x − 5) x2 − 9
2

Section 2.6
Solve and graph the solution. Write answer in inequality notation.
1 1 1
1.
3
( x − 2 ) + 4 ( x + 1)  2 ( x − 2 ) 2.
x
x

( x − 4 )( x − 2 ) ( x − 3 )
2 2
3. 0 4. a3 + 2a2 − 4a − 8  0

( 2x − 5)  0
3
x 2 + 7x + 12
5. 2
6. 0
x − 3x − 28 x 2 − 25

Chapter 4

Find the coterminal angle in the interval [0, 360).

1 3
1. 460 2. rotation counterclockwise 3. rotation clockwise
3 10

Find 2 positive and 2 negative angles that are coterminal to each angle.
4. 40 5. −210

Change to radians. (leave  in answer)

6. 480 7. −302

Change to radians. Round to the hundredths.

8. 200 40' 9. 240.8

Change to degrees in the interval [0, 360).

5 23
10. 11. −
6 6

Change to degrees. Give answer to the nearest tenth of a degree.

12. 1.32 13. 3.41
The terminal side of an angle θ in standard position passes through point P. Find the values of the six trig
functions of θ (exact values)
14. P(2, 1) 15. P(8, −6)

Find the values of the other five trig functions for an angle in standard position lying in the given
quadrant. (exact values)
8 24
16. csc  = − , IV 17. cot  = − , II
7 7

θ is an angle in standard position. Find the measure of its reference angle.

10
18. 412 19. −1110 20.
3
Express each of the following in terms of a reference angle.
21. sin 128 22. sin(−37)

23. sin 1000 24. cos(−132)

If θ is in the interval [0, 360), find the value of θ that makes each statement true. Express your answer
in degrees.
25. tan  = 1 and sin   0 26. sec  = 2 and csc  = − 2
1 1
27. cos  = − and sin   0 28. cot  = − 3 and sin  = −
2 2

Find the missing arc length, central angle, or radius.

3 
29. s = 10, r = 15 30. = , r = 21 31. = , s = 3π
7 4

Express each function in terms of its cofunction:

32. cot 53 33. sin 28

34. tan 32 35. csc 85

Graph one complete cycle for each of the following. Label the beginning, middle, and end of the
cycle for sine, cosine, secant, and cosecant graphs. Label the asymptotes for tangent and cotangent
graphs.
1
36. y = sin 2x 37. y = −3cos x 38. y = −3 cos(−3x)
2
1  
39. y = sin 2x + 3 40. y = sin ( x − ) 41. y = 3 sin  2x −  + 1
2  2
 4 
42. y = −2cos  3x − −2 43. y = tan 2x 44. y = 3 cot 2x
 3 
 2   
45. y = cot 3  x +  46. y = sec 2x 47. y = 2csc  2x − 
 3   3 
 
48. y = −4tan  x +  − 2
 4

Determine the amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical shift of each function.

amplitude period phase shift vertical shift

 9 
49. y = −5cos9  x − −3
 16  __________ __________ __________ __________

 5 
50. y = 4 sin  3x + +4
 9  __________ __________ __________ __________

51. y = −3 sin (5x + 3) − 7 __________ __________ __________ __________

1 1 
52. y = sin  x −   + 5
2 2  __________ __________ __________ __________
Graph:
53. y = sin−1 x 54. y = cos−1 x 55. y = arctan x

Evaluate each expression in terms of radians.

− 3
56. arctan 3 57. arcsin (−1) 58. arcsin  
 2 
 
 −1 3
59. arccos   60. arctan 61. cos−1 (0)
2 3

Evaluate each expression. (exact values)

    −5      −12  
62. arcsin  sin  63. arccos  tan   64. cos  arctan  
 3    4    5 

4.7
For 1 – 4, find the number of solutions for the given data and then solve.

1. A = 42, a = 5, b = 7 2. A = 73, a = 8, b = 3

3. C = 120, b = 14, c = 13 4. A = 25, a = 10, b = 10

5. In triangle ABC, A = 30, b = 20, and a = 15. Solve the triangle(s). Round the angles to the
nearest degree and the sides to the nearest tenth.

6. Two planes take off from Love Field in Dallas, one traveling 33 west of south and the other
traveling 47 east of south. One hour later the first plane has traveled 327 miles and the second
plane has traveled 287 miles. How far apart are the planes to the nearest tenth.

7. A metal wire fixed to the ground braces a 20-foot utility pole. What is the measure of the angle
the wire makes with the ground? The wire is 17 feet long and reaches 15 feet up the pole.
Round to the nearest tenth.

8. An airliner flew 250 miles on a bearing of 337 to an intermediate stop and then flew 130 miles on
a bearing of 67 to reach its final destination. Find the distance from the starting point to the
final destination.

9. The angle of depression from a ship on the open sea to a submarine cruising at a depth of 1250
ft. is 23. Calculate the distance from the ship to the submarine along the line of sight.

10. In triangle ABC, B = 81, a = 6 inches, and c = 11 inches. Find the area of the triangle to the
nearest square inch.

11. Given: A = 47, B = 69, and c = 19 cm, compute the area of the triangle to the nearest square
centimeter.

12. Compute the area of a triangle given a = 18, b = 24, and c = 30. Answer to the nearest
hundredth.

13. Two buses leave Houston at the same time. Bus A travels due north at 50 mph and bus B travels
due west at 40 mph. Find the distance between the two buses two hours later and find the
bearing of bus B from bus A.

14. A ship leaves port and heads due west for 45 miles and then changes course to 220 degrees for
another 45 miles. How far is the ship from port?
15. Find the measure of angles to the nearest degree and lengths of sides to the nearest tenth.

a. A = 51, C = 67, a = 8. Find side c.

b. a = 9, b = 11, c = 8. Find A.

16. Solve the triangle, A = 50, a = 7, b = 8.

5.1-5.3
Simplify to a number or a single trig function.
1. sin2 x − 1 = 2. tan2 x + 1 = 3. sin (−x) =
1 1
4. − = 5. sec x(____) = 1 6. csc (90 − x) =
2
sin x tan2 x
7. 5 sin2 x + 5 cos2 x = 8. 1 − csc2 x = 9. cos (−x) =

Prove by using the identities.

1 1
10. 1 − sin x cos x cot x = sin2 x 11. + = 2csc2 x
1− cos x 1+ cos x
sin x − cos x − sin3 x cos2 x sec x − tan x
12. = cos2 x − cot x 13. =
sin x 1+ 2 sin x + sin x sec x + tan x
2

cos x cot x
14. − = − cos2 x cot2 x 15. sec4 θ − tan4 θ = tan2 θ + sec2 θ
sec x tanx
cos x
16. sec x + tanx =
1− sinx

Solve each equation on the interval [0, 2).

17. sin2 x − cos2 x = 0 18. 2sin2 x − cos x − 1 = 0
19. 2sinx + 3 = 0

Solve each equation for [0, 360). If necessary round to the nearest tenth of a degree.
20. sin2 x − sin x = cos2 x 21. sin x • tan x = sin x

22. 2 sin x = cos x + 2 23. 2 sec2 x + tan x = 5

24. sec2 x = 1 25. tan2x – 2 tan x – 3 = 0

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