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Computer Hardware Servicing

The document provides an introduction to information communication technology and computers. It discusses the different hardware components of a computer system including the system unit, motherboard, CPU, memory, expansion bus, adapters, power supply unit, hard disk drive, and optical drives. Understanding these hardware components is important for aspiring computer technicians.

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Moises Soriano
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104 views

Computer Hardware Servicing

The document provides an introduction to information communication technology and computers. It discusses the different hardware components of a computer system including the system unit, motherboard, CPU, memory, expansion bus, adapters, power supply unit, hard disk drive, and optical drives. Understanding these hardware components is important for aspiring computer technicians.

Uploaded by

Moises Soriano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TLE-ICT

(INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY)


Grade 8
Introduction:
Computers have become a useful part of our everyday lives. The types of computers we use at home or
at work are referred to by varied names such as PCs, microcomputers, workstations, laptops and desktops.
These computers are most popularly referred to as “personal computers” or PCs, the most common type of
computer in the world.
Today, an average person uses computer-based assistance several times each day and it becomes an
integral part of our lives. So it is very important to be aware of and understand them.

Lesson 1: Understanding the Computer System


As an aspiring computer technician, it is very important to know the different components of a computer
system. These are the hardware, software and peopleware. Each component plays an important role, without
each other computer systems will not work properly.

1.1 HARDWARE- the physical, touchable, electronic and mechanical parts of a computer system.

A. Major hardware components of a computer system


The following list represents a basic set of hardware found in most PCs:
1. SYSTEM UNIT- The main part of a microcomputer, sometimes called the chassis. It includes the
following parts: Motherboard, Microprocessor, Memory Chips, Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots and
Cards.

Figure 1. Tower Type System Unit


2. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board- The main circuit board of a computer. It contains all the
circuits and components that run the computer.

3. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The processor is the main “brain” or “heart” of a computer system. It
performs all of the instructions and calculations that are needed and manages the flow of information
through a computer.

4. Primary storage- (internal storage, main memory or memory) is the computer's working storage space
that holds data, instructions for processing and processed data (information) waiting to be sent to
secondary storage. Physically, primary storage is a collection of RAM chips.
Two (2) Types of Memory
a. ROM – (Read Only Memory) ROM is non-volatile, meaning it holds data even when the power is ON
or OFF.
b. RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it holds data only when the power is on.
When the power is off, RAM's contents are lost.

5. Expansion Bus - A bus is a data pathway between several hardware components inside or outside a
computer. It does not only connect the parts of the CPU to each other, but also links the CPU with other
important hardware.

6. Adapters- Printed-circuit boards (also called interface cards) that enable the computer to use a peripheral
device for which it does not have the necessary connections or circuit boards. They are often used to
permit upgrading to a new different hardware.

Figure 6. Adapter (Network Adapter)

7. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Installed in the back corner of the PC


case, next to the motherboard. It converts 120vac (standard house power)
into DC voltages that are used by other components in the PC.

8. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Also known as hard drive, is a magnetic


storage device that is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is used
as permanent storage for data. In a Windows computer, the hard drive is usually
configured as the C: drive and contains the operating system and applications.

9. Optical Drive- An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read
data on the optical media. There are three types of optical drives:
Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD).

10. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) - Designed to optically access data stored on a DVD.
A laser moves back and forth near the disk surface and accesses data at a very fast rate.

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