_______________________

Name:
_
Radian measure (A-level
only) _______________________
Class:
_

_______________________
Date:
_

Time: 227 min.

Marks: 188 marks

Comments:

Page 1 of 45
Q1.

A periodic sequence is defined by

State the period of this sequence.

Circle your answer.

8 2π 4 π
(Total 1 mark)

Q2.
The diagram shows a sector AOB of a circle with centre O and radius r cm.

The angle AOB is θ radians.

The sector has area 9 cm2 and perimeter 15 cm.

(a) Show that r satisfies the equation 2r2 − 15r + 18 = 0

(4)

(b) Find the value of θ. Explain why it is the only possible value.
(4)
(Total 8 marks)

Q3.
A wooden frame is to be made to support some garden decking. The frame is to be in the
shape of a sector of a circle. The sector OAB is shown in the diagram, with a wooden
plank AC added to the frame for strength. OA makes an angle of θ with OB.

Page 2 of 45
 (a) Show that the exact value of sinθ is
(3)

(b) Write down the value of θ in radians to 3 significant figures.

(1)

(c) Find the area of the garden that will be covered by the decking.
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

Q4.
By forming and solving a quadratic equation, solve the equation

8 sec x − 2 sec2 x = tan2 x − 2

in the interval 0 < x < 2π, giving the values of x in radians to three significant figures.
(Total 7 marks)

Q5.
The diagram shows a sector OAB of a circle with centre O and radius 6 cm.

The angle between the radii OA and OB is θ radians.

The area of the sector OAB is 21.6 cm2.

(a) Find the value of θ.

(2)

(b) Find the length of the arc AB.

(2)
(Total 4 marks)

Q6.
The diagram shows a sector OPQ of a circle with centre O.

Page 3 of 45
 The radius of the circle is 18 m and the angle POQ is radians.

(a) Find the length of the arc PQ, giving your answer as a multiple of π.
(2)

(b) The tangents to the circle at the points P and Q meet at the point T, and the angles
TPO and TQO are both right angles, as shown in the diagram below.

(i) Angle PTQ = α radians. Find α in terms of π.

(1)

(ii) Find the area of the shaded region bounded by the arc PQ and the tangents
TP and TQ, giving your answer to three significant figures.
(6)
(Total 9 marks)

Q7.
A curve C, defined for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π by the equation y = sin x, where x is in radians, is
sketched below. The region bounded by the curve C, the x-axis from 0 to 2 and the line x
= 2 is shaded.

(a) The area of the shaded region is given by where x is in radians.

Use the trapezium rule with five ordinates (four strips) to find an approximate value
for the area of the shaded region, giving your answer to three significant figures.
(4)

Page 4 of 45
 (b) Describe the geometrical transformation that maps the graph of y = sin x onto the
graph of y = 2 sin x.
(2)

(c) Use a trigonometrical identity to solve the equation

2 sin x = cos x

in the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π, giving your solutions in radians to three significant figures.
(4)
(Total 10 marks)

Q8.
(a) Solve the equation

cosec x = 3

giving all values of x in radians to two decimal places, in the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π.
(2)

(b) By using a suitable trigonometric identity, solve the equation

cot2 x = 11 – cosec x

giving all values of x in radians to two decimal places, in the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π.
(6)
(Total 8 marks)

Q9.

(a) Express cos x + 3 sin x in the form R cos(x – α), where R > 0 and 0 < α < . Give
your value of α, in radians, to three decimal places.
(3)

(b) (i) Hence write down the minimum value of cos x + 3 sin x.
(1)

(ii) Find the value of x in the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π at which this minimum occurs,
giving your answer, in radians, to three decimal places.
(2)

(c) Solve the equation cos x + 3 sin x = 2 in the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π, giving all solutions,
in radians, to three decimal places.
(4)
(Total 10 marks)

Q10.
(a) Sketch the graph of y = cos x in the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π. State the values of the
intercepts with the coordinate axes.

Page 5 of 45
 (2)

(b) (i) Given that

sin2 θ = cos θ(2 – cos θ)

prove that cos θ = .

(2)

(ii) Hence solve the equation

sin2 2x = cos 2x(2 – cos 2x)

in the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ π, giving your answers in radians to three significant

figures.
(4)
(Total 8 marks)

Q11.
(a) Solve the equation sin x = 0.8 in the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π, giving your answers in
radians to three significant figures.
(3)

(b) The diagram shows the graph of the curve y = sin x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π and the lines y = k
and y = –k.

The line y = k intersects the curve at the points P and Q, and the line y = –k
intersects the curve at the points R and S.

The point M is the minimum point of the curve.

(i) Write down the coordinates of the point M.

(2)

(ii) The x-coordinate of P is α.

Write down the x-coordinate of the point Q in terms of π and α.

(1)

(iii) Find the length of RS in terms of π and α, giving your answer in its simplest

Page 6 of 45
 form.
(2)

(c) Sketch the graph of y = sin 2x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π, indicating the coordinates of points
where the graph intersects the x-axis and the coordinates of any maximum points.
(5)
(Total 13 marks)

Q12.

(a) Express sin x – 3 cos x in the form R sin(x – α), where R > 0 and 0 < a < .
Give your value of α in radians to two decimal places.
(3)

(b) Hence:

(i) write down the minimum value of sin x – 3 cos x;

(1)

(ii) find the value of x in the interval 0 < x < 2π at which this minimum value
occurs, giving your value of x in radians to two decimal places.
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

Q13.

(a) Solve the equation tan x = , giving all the values of x in the interval 0 < x < 2π in
radians to two decimal places.
(3)

(b) Show that the equation

3 sec2 x = 5(tan x + 1)

can be written in the form 3 tan2 x – 5 tan x – 2 = 0.

(1)

(c) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation

3 sec2 x = 5(tan x + 1)

giving all the values of x in the interval 0 < x < 2π in radians to two decimal places.
(4)
(Total 8 marks)

Q14.
The diagrams show a rectangle of length 6 cm and width 3 cm, and a sector of a circle of
radius 6 cm and angle θ radians.

Page 7 of 45
 The area of the rectangle is twice the area of the sector.

(a) Show that θ = 0.5.

(3)

(b) Find the perimeter of the sector.

(3)
(Total 6 marks)

Q15.
(a) Solve the equation cot x = 2, giving all values of x in the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π in
radians to two decimal places.
(2)

(b) Show that the equation cosec2 x = can be written as

2 cot2 x – 3 cot x – 2 = 0
(2)

(c) Solve the equation cosec2 x = , giving all values of x in the interval
0 ≤ x ≤ 2π in radians to two decimal places.
(4)
(Total 8 marks)

Q16.
The diagram shows a shaded segment of a circle with centre O and radius 14 cm, where
PQ is a chord of the circle.

In triangle OPQ, angle POQ = radians and angle OPQ = α radians.

(a) Find the length of the arc PQ, giving your answer as a multiple of π.

Page 8 of 45
 (2)

(b) Find α in terms of π.

(2)

(c) Find the perimeter of the shaded segment, giving your answer to three significant
figures.
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

Q17.
(a) Solve the equation sec x = 3, giving the values of x in radians to two decimal places
in the interval 0 ≤ x < 2π.
(3)

(b) Show that the equation tan2 x = 2 sec x + 2 can be written as sec2 x – 2 sec x – 3 =
0.
(2)

(c) Solve the equation tan2 x = 2 sec x + 2, giving the values of x in radians to two
decimal places in the interval 0 ≤ x < 2π.
(4)
(Total 9 marks)

Q18.
The diagram shows a sector OAB of a circle with centre O.

The radius of the circle is 6 cm and the angle AOB is 1.2 radians.

(a) Find the area of the sector OAB.

(2)

(b) Find the perimeter of the sector OAB.

(3)
(Total 5 marks)

Q19.
(a) Solve the equation cos x = 0.3 in the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π, giving your answers in
radians to three significant figures.
(3)

Page 9 of 45
 (b) The diagram shows the graph of y = cos x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π, and the line y = k.

The line y = k intersects the curve y = cos x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π, at the points P and Q.
The point M is the minimum point of the curve.

(i) Write down the coordinates of the point M.

(2)

(ii) The x-coordinate of P is α.

Write down the x-coordinate of Q in terms of π and α.

(1)

(c) Describe the geometrical transformation that maps the graph of y = cos x onto the
graph of y = cos 2x.
(2)

(d) Solve the equation in the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π, giving the values of x
in terms of π.
(4)
(Total 12 marks)

Q20.
(a) (i) Show that the equation

2 cot2 x + 5 cosec x = 10

can be written in the form 2 cosec2 x + 5 cosec x – 12 = 0.

(2)

(ii) Hence show that sin x = − or sin x = .

(3)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation

2 cot2(θ – 0.1) + 5 cosec(θ – 0.1) = 10

Page 10 of 45
 giving all values of θ in radians to two decimal places in the interval –π < θ < π.
(3)
(Total 8 marks)

Q21.
The diagram shows a sector OAB of a circle with centre O and radius 20 cm. The angle
between the radii OA and OB is θ radians.

The length of the arc AB is 28 cm.

(a) Show that θ = 1.4.

(2)

(b) Find the area of the sector OAB.

(2)

(c) The point D lies on OA. The region bounded by the line BD, the line DA and the
arc AB is shaded.

The length of OD is 15 cm.

(i) Find the area of the shaded region, giving your answer to three significant
figures.
(3)

(ii) Use the cosine rule to calculate the length of BD, giving your answer to three
significant figures.
(3)
(Total 10 marks)

Page 11 of 45
Q22.
The triangle ABC, shown in the diagram, is such that AC = 8 cm, CB = 12 cm and angle
ACB = θ radians.

The area of triangle ABC = 20 cm2.

(a) Show that θ = 0.430 correct to three significant figures.

(3)

(b) Use the cosine rule to calculate the length of AB, giving your answer to two
significant figures.
(3)

(c) The point D lies on CB such that AD is an arc of a circle centre C and radius 8 cm.
The region bounded by the arc AD and the straight lines DB and AB is shaded in
the diagram.

Calculate, to two significant figures:

(i) the length of the arc AD;

(2)

(ii) the area of the shaded region.

(3)
(Total 11 marks)

Q23.
The diagram shows a triangle ABC and the arc AB of a circle whose centre is C and
whose radius is 24 cm.

Page 12 of 45
 The length of the side AB of the triangle is 32 cm. The size of the angle ACB is θ radians.

(a) Show that θ = 1.46 correct to three significant figures.

(3)

(b) Calculate the length of the arc AB to the nearest cm.

(2)

(c) (i) Calculate the area of the sector ABC to the nearest cm2.
(2)

(ii) Hence calculate the area of the shaded segment to the nearest cm2.
(3)
(Total 10 marks)

Q24.
The diagram shows a sector OAB of a circle with centre O and radius r cm.

The angle AOB is 1.5 radians. The perimeter of the sector is 56 cm.

(a) Show that r = 16.

(3)

(b) Find the area of the sector.

(2)
(Total 5 marks)

Page 13 of 45
Mark schemes

Q1.

Marking Instructions AO Marks Typical Solution

Circles correct answer AO1.1b B1 4

Total 1 mark

Q2.

Marking Instructions AO Marks Typical Solution

(a) AO1.2 B1 Area of sector gives

Recalls or l = rθ
PI by use in equation
,

Constructs two equations AO1.1a M1 Perimeter of sector gives

at least one correct
2r + rθ = 15

Eliminates θ AO1.1a M1

FT incorrect equations

Constructs a rigorous AO2.1 R1 2r2 + 18 = 15r

mathematical argument to
show required result, 2r2 − 15r + 18 = 0 (AG)
clearly constructing two
correct simultaneous
equations and eliminating
θ AG
(b) Solves a quadratic AO3.1a M1
equation and finds two
values of θ

Finds two correct values of AO1.1b B1

r
Finds both values of θ AO1.1b A1

Gives a valid reason for AO2.4 R1 8 > 2π ∴ θ ≠ 8

rejecting one of ‘their’ so only one possible value
values of θ

Total 8 marks

Q3.

Page 14 of 45
 Marking Instructions AO Marks Typical Solution

(a) Makes clear attempt to AO3.1a M1 62 = 32 + 52 − 2 × 3 ×

use the cosine rule 5cosθ

Uses trig identity with AO1.1a M1

‘their’ cos θ

Constructs rigorous AO2.1 R1

argument leading to
correct result AG
Only award if they have a
completely correct
solution, which is clear, (AG)
easy to follow and
contains no slips

(b) Writes down correct angle AO2.2a B1 1.64

(c) AO1.1a M1
Uses ‘their’ angle in

Correct area AO1.1b A1F = 20.5 m2

FT use of incorrect obtuse
angle provided both M1
marks awarded in part (a)
and M1 awarded in (c)

Total 6 marks

Q4.
(8sec x − 2sec2 x = tan2 x − 2)

8sec x − 2sec2 x = sec2 x − 1 − 2

Using tan2 x = sec2 x − 1 and NOT replacing sec2 x
with 1 + tan2 x.

M1

3sec2 x − 8sec x − 3(= 0)

A1

(3sec x + 1)(sec x − 3)(= 0)

Correct factors or correct use of quadratic equation
formula or completing the square for ‘their’ equation.

sec x −

m1

Page 15 of 45
 Or sec x =

sec x = 3, − (or − 0.33)

Both correct.

A1

sec x =
PI

B1

x = 1.23 , 5.05
One correct. Must have earned A1 for correct quadratic,
but independent of the second A1.

A1
Both correct and no extras in 0 < x < 2π.
CAO

A1
[7]

Q5.

(a) {Area of sector =} r2 θ = × 62 × θ

r2 θ seen in (a) or used for the area

M1

21.6 = 18θ so θ = 1.2

Must be exact, not rounded to

A1
2

(b) {Arc =} rθ
rθ seen in (b) or used for the arc length
M1

… = 7.2 {cm}
Ft on 6 × c’s value for θ provided 4 < arc < 10.

Page 16 of 45
 A1F
2
[4]

Q6.
(a) {Arc =} rθ
rθ seen or used for the arc length
M1

= 18 × = 12π (m)
12π

A1
2

(b) (i) α=

π OE expression which simplifies to π

B1
1

(ii) {Area of sector =} r2 θ = ×182 ×

r2 θ seen or used for the sector area

M1

= 108 π (=339.(29..))
If not exact accept 3sf or better
PI by final correct answer

A1

tan {or tan

{or PQ = 2 × 18sin } {or PQ = 18sin }

OE Correct method (PI) to find either TP or TQ (=TP)

or OT or PQ or PQ. If α not π / 3 then ft c’s value for

α in (b)(i). If c finds two of TP / TQ, OT and PQ / PQ

and gets one correct, one wrong, mark correct one
ie M1A1 (M1A0 possible if no correct length)

Page 17 of 45
 M1

TP = 18 = 31.1769… exact or 31.1 to 31.2 incl}

{or PQ=18 =31.1769... exact or 31.1 to 31.2 incl}

{or OT = 36};

Correct TP or TQ or PQ or PQ or OT either exact value

or in range indicated PI by value 561 to 561.3 inclusive for
the area of the kite.

A1

PQ = 9 or 15.5 to 15.6 incl}

Area of kite PTQO = 2 × × 18 × TP

{or Area = TP2sin α}

{or area kite = × PQ ×

{or area kite = × 2 × 18sin × OT}

{= 182 } {= 2×162 };{243 + 81 }

OE valid method to find area of kite, down to a correct
expression with no more than 1 unknown length; ft on
c’s value of α. For method using > one unknown length
this M is dependent on previous M for length
PI by value 324 or a numerical expression which
simplifies to 324 ; or a value 561 to 561.3 inclusive
for the area of the kite. Can also be implied by award
of the final A1

M1

Alternative:

Area triangle PTQ = TP2sin α and

Area triangle POQ = 182sin(2π/3)

OE Alternative: Award this method mark if both area
of triangle PTQ (= 243 ) and area of triangle
POQ (= 81 ) are found with or without finding area of kite
(M1)

Page 18 of 45
 Area of shaded region = 561.(18...) − 108 π = 222 (m2) to 3sf A1 6 222.0
inclusive
If not 222, condone value from 221.7 to 221.89…

A1

Alternative

Area of shaded region = 243 − (108π − 81 ) = 221.89…

= 222 (m2) to 3sf

(A1)
(6)
[9]

Q7.
(a) h = 0.5
h = 0.5 stated or used. (PI by x–values
0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 provided no contradiction)

B1

f(x) = sin x

I ≈ h/2{…}

{.} = f(0) + f(2) + 2[f(0.5) + f(1) + f(1.5)]

OE summing of areas of ‘trapezia’..

M1

{.} =

0 + 0.90929..+ 2[0.4794..+ 0.84147..+ 0.99749..]

{= 0.90929..+ 2[2.318..]} = { 0.90929..+ 4.636..}

Min. of 2dp values rounded or truncated.
Can be implied by later correct work
provided > 1 term or a single term which
rounds to 1.39

A1

(I ≈) 0.25[5.546..] = 1.3865.. = 1.39 (to 3sf)

CAO Must be 1.39
A1
4

(b) Stretch(I) in y–direction(II) scale factor 2(III)

Need (I) and either (II) or (III)

M1
All correct. Need (I) and (II) and (III)

Page 19 of 45
 [> 1 transformation scores 0/2]

A1
2

(c) ; tan x = 0.5

used to get tanx = k

or identity cos2x + sin2x = 1 used to get either
sin2x = p or to get cos2x = q, (p and q must be
between 0 and 1)

M1

tan x = 0.5

Either (= ±0.894..)

or (= ±0.447..)

A1

x = α or π + α where α = tan−1(k)
Correct method to find 2nd angle. Any in wrong
ft quadrants then m0. In case of squaring
method candidates must also have rejected
the extra ‘quadrants’ for the m1. Condone
degrees or mixture

m1

x = 0.464, 3.61
Both. Condone > 3sf [0.463(6..), 3.60(5..or 6.)]
Accept pair of truncated values [0.463, 3.60]
Ignore any answers outside interval 0 to 6.28

A1
4
[10]

Q8.

(a) , or sight of ±0.34, ±0.11π or ±19.47 (or better)

M1

x = 0.34, 2.8(0) AWRT

Penalise if incorrect answers in range;
ignore answers outside range

Page 20 of 45
 A1
2

(b) cosec2 x – 1 = 11 – cosec x

Correct use of cot2 x = cos ec2 x – 1

M1

cosec2 x + cosec x – 12 (= 0)

A1

(cosec x + 4)(cosec x – 3) (= 0)
Attempt at Factors
Gives cosec x or – 12 when expanded
Formula one error condoned

m1

Either Line

A1

x = 3.39, 6.03 AWRT

3 correct or their two answers from (a)
and 3.39, 6.03

B1F

0.34, 2.8(0) AWRT

4 correct and no extras in range
ignore answers outside range
SC 19.47, 160.53, 194.48, 345.52 B1

B1
6

Alternative

cos2 x = 11 sin2 x – sin x

Correct use of trig ratios and multiplying
by 2 sin2 x

(M1)

Page 21 of 45
 1 – sin2 x = 11 sin2 x – sin x
0 = 12 sin2 x – sin x – 1

(A1)

0 = (4 sin x + 1)(3 sin x – 1)

Attempt at factors as above

(m1)

(A1)
As above

(B1F)(B1)
[8]

Q9.
(a) R=
Accept R = 3.16 or better

B1

tan α = 3
OE

M1

α = 1.249 ignore extra out of range

AWRT 1.25 SC α = 0.322 B1
radians only

A1
3

(b) (i) minimum value = –

F on R
B1F
1

(ii) cos(x – α) = –1

M1

x = 4.391
AWRT 4.39
51.56° or .. .57° or better

Page 22 of 45
 A1F
2

(c) cos(x – α) =

M1

x – α = ±0.886 5.397
ignore extra out of range
Two values, accept 2dp and condone 5.4
condone use of degrees

A1

x = 0.36296.. 2.13512..
F on x – α, either value. AWRT

A1F

x = 0.363 2.135
CSO 3dp or better

A1

Alternative
10 sin2 x – 12 sin x + 3 = 0
Or equivalent quadratic using cos x
(ie sin2 x + cos2 x = 1 used)

M1

sin x = two numerical answers

Or equivalent using cos x

A1F

–1 ≤ ans ≤ 1
x = one correct answer
A1F

x = 0.363 2.135
CSO 3 dp or better

A1
4
[10]

Q10.
(a)

Page 23 of 45
 Correct shape meeting positive y-axis
and only one oscillation within interval
0 to 2π

B1
The three correct intercepts stated;
Accept 1.57 for π/2 and 4.71 for 3π/2
but must be evidence of radian vals.
not just degrees

B1
Ignore any parts of the graph clearly
indicated as outside the given interval
2

(b) (i) 1 – cos2 θ = cos θ(2 – cos θ)

cos2 θ + sin2 θ = 1 used

M1

1 = 2 cos θ cos θ =
CSO AG Completion

A1
2

(ii) sin2 2x = cos 2x(2 – cos 2x) cos 2x =

Uses (b)(i)

M1

{2x =} cos–1 = 1.04(7..)

PI Accept 1.05, ; Condone 60º

m1

x = 0.524, 2.62
x = 0.523(59..), 2.61(7..)

Page 24 of 45
 Condone > 3sf; Condone x = 0.525, 2.62
Accept truncated ‘3sf’ vals x = 0.523, 2.61
Deduct 1 mark for each extra (> 2 solns) in
the given interval from A marks to a min
of A0. Ignore any solns outside the given
interval 0 to π.
Accept, as equivalent, the exact answers

and when seen and apply

ISW if ‘errors’ converting these to decimals.
If not A2 then A1 if
• one soln correct.
• 30°, 150° ie solns left in degrees
• AWRT 0.52, 2.6 ie correct vals to
only 2sf.
Must see an indication that (b)(i) has been
used otherwise 0/4 so just stating the two
correct answers with nothing else scores 0/4.

A2,1,0
4
[8]

Q11.
(a) {x =} sin– 1 (0.8) = 0.927(29…) {= β}
sin–1 (0.8) PI

M1

{x =} π – β

m1

x = 0.927(29…), 2.21 (42…)

Both
Ignore values outside interval 0 – 2π but
A0 if ‘extra’ values inside the given interval

A1
3

(b) (i)

B1 if one coordinate correct or

B2,1
2

(ii) π–α

Page 25 of 45
 B1
1

(iii) RS = (2π – α) – (π + α)
OE eg RS = PQ = (π – α) – α

M1

= π – 2α
Must be simplified

A1
2

(c)

Sine curve with positive gradient at O

with at least 3 stationary points between 0
and 2π

B1
Correct shaped curve with 2 max and 2
min between 0 and 2π

B1
All 5 correct points of intersection with

x-axis with , π and clearly shown

B1

Maximum points
stated or clearly shown on the sketch
B1 for either:
1 as the y-coordinate of max pt(s) or:
two max pts between 0 and 2π with
correct x-coordinates

B2,1
5
[13]

Q12.
(a)
Accept R = 3.16 or better.

Page 26 of 45
 B1

tan α = 3
Oe (Can be implied by 71.57° seen)

M1

α = 1.25
A0 if extra answers within given range

SC 1

A1
3

(b) (i) min value = (or ≥ )

ft or R

B1F
1

(ii) sin(x – α) = –1
x = 5.96
or

M1

Ft on their α (to 2 dp)

A1F
2
[6]

Q13.

(a)
Sight of ±0.32 or 18.43

M1

x = 2.82, 5.96
a correct answer AWRT

A1
–1 for any extra in range, ignore extra
answers not in range.
[SC 161.57, 341.57 AWRT M1A1
(max 2/3)]

A1
3

Page 27 of 45
 (b) 3(tan2 x + 1) = 5 tan x + 5
3 tan2 x – 5 tan x – 2 = 0
AG

B1
1

(c) (3 tan x + 1)(tan x – 2) = 0

Attempt at factorisation/formula

M1

A1

x = 1.11, 4.25, 2.82, 5.96 AWRT

3 correct [SC x = 1.11, 4.25 + their
two answers from (a)]

B1
4 correct, no extras in range
[SC 161.57, 341.57, 63.43, 243.43
AWRT B1 (max 3/4)]

B1
4
[8]

Q14.

(a) Area of sector =

seen or used

M1

OE Forming equation

m1

36θ = 18 θ = 0.5
AG

A1
3

(b) Arc = 6θ;

rθ seen or used

Page 28 of 45
 M1

….. = 3 cm
PI by a correct perimeter

A1

Perimeter = 12 + arc = 15 cm
Ft wrong evaluation of 6θ. Condone
missing/wrong units throughout the question.

A1F
3
[6]

Q15.
(a) cot x = 2 tan x = 0.5

M1

x = 0.46, 3.61
AWRT; no others within range

A1
2

(b)
2(1 + cot2 x) = 3 cot x + 4
Correct use of cosec2 x = 1 + cot2 x

M1

(2 cot2 x – 3 cot x + 2 – 4 = 0)
2 cot2 x – 3 cot x – 2 = 0
AG; correct with no slips from line
with no fractions

A1
2

(c) (2 cot x +1) (cot x – 2) (= 0)

Attempt to solve

M1

cot x =

A1

tan x = – 2, 0.5
x = 0.46, 3.61, 2.03, 5.18

Page 29 of 45
 2 correct Allow 3.6(0)

B1
4 correct (with no extras in range) AWRT
SC Degrees

B1For 2 correct

B1
4
[8]

Q16.
(a) Arc PQ = rθ
rθ
M1

= 6π (cm)
Condone missing units throughout the paper

A1
2

(b)
OE

M1

Accept equivalent fractions eg and

condone 0.286π or better

A1
2

(c) Chord PQ = 2 × 14 × cos α

OE eg 2 × 14 × or 17.45 – 17.5

inclusive or

M1

Perimeter = 17.45… + 6π
= 36.307… = 36.3 (cm)
Condone > 3sf

Page 30 of 45
 A1
2
[6]

Q17.

(a)
PI

M1

= 1.23, 5.05 (0.39π, 1.61π

AWRT (–1 for each error in range)
SC 70.53, 289.47 B1

A1,A1
3

(b) sec2 x – 1 = 2 sec x + 2

use of sec2 x = 1 + tan2 x

M1

sec2 x – 2 sec x – 3 = 0
AG; CSO

A1
2

(c) sec2 x – 2 sec x – 3 = 0

(sec x – 3)(sec x + 1) = 0
attempt to solve

M1

A1

x = 1.23, 5.05,
(2 answers in range from (a)) AWRT

B1F

3.14 (π)
all correct and no extras in range
SC 70.53, 289.47, 180 B1

B1
4
[9]

Page 31 of 45
Q18.

(a) {Area of sector = }

M1

= 0.5 × 36 × 1.2 = 21.6 cm2

Condone missing/wrong units throughout the paper

A1
2

(b) Arc = rθ

M1

= 6 × 1.2 = 7.2

A1

Perimeter = 12 + 7.2 = 19.2 cm

Ft on incorrect evaluation of 6 × 1.2

A1ft
3
[5]

Q19.
(a) {x =} cos–1 (0.3) = 1.266…. {= β}
cos–1 (0.3) PI by eg 72° or 73°

M1

{x =} 2π – β
Condone degrees or mix.

m1

x = 1.27, 5.02
Accept 1.26 to 1.27 with 5.01 to 5.02 inclusive

A1
3

(b) (i) m(π, –1)

B1 for each coordinate

B1;B1
2

(ii) {xQ =} = 2π – α
OE (unsimplified)

Page 32 of 45
 B1
1

(c) Stretch (I) in x-direction (II) scale

Need(I) & one of (II),(III)

M1

factor (III)

A1
2

(d)
OE. (From correct work)

B1

Condone decimals/degrees

x = π – α; OE

OE eg 2x =
Correct quadrant;
condone degrees/decimals/mix

M1

x = π + α; x = 2π – α; OE
Need both (OE for 2x = ) with no extras
(quadrants) within the given interval.
Condone degrees/decimals/mix

m1

Need all 4 solutions for x but condone

unsimplified provided in terms of π
Ignore extra values outside the given interval.

A1
4
[12]

Q20.
(a) (i) 2 (cosec2x – 1) + 5 cosec x = 10

Page 33 of 45
 M1

2 cosec2x – 2 + 5 cosec x – 10 = 0

2 cosec2x + 5 cosec x – 12 = 0
AG

A1
2

(ii) (2 cosec x – 3 )(cosec x + 4) = 0

Attempt to solve

M1

cosec
Condone answers with no method shown

A1

AG

A1
3

(b) (θ – 0.1) = 0.73, 2.41, –0.25, –2.89 AWRT

2 correct values, may be implied later
(41.8, 138.2, –165.5, – 14.5)

B1

θ = 0.83, 2.51, −0.15, −2.79 AWRT

2 correct answers

B1
+ 2 correct answers and no extra within range

B1
3
[8]

Q21.
(a) Arc = rθ
For rθ or 20θ or PI by 20 × 1.4

M1

28 = 20θ θ = 1.4
AG

Page 34 of 45
 A1
2

(b) Area of sector =

OE seen

M1

(cm2)
Condone absent cm2
A1
2

(c) (i) Area triangle =

Use of OE

M1

(= 147.8….)

Shaded area = Area of sector – area of triangle

M1

= 280 – 147.8 = 132 (cm2) (3sf)

Ft on [ans (b) – 147.8…] to 3sf
provided [.…] > 0

A1ft
3

(ii) {BD2}152 + 202 – 2 × 15 × 20 cos1.4

RHS of cosine rule used

M1

= 225 + 400 – 101.98

Correct order of evaluation

m1

= 22.9 (cm) to 3 sf
Condone absent cm

A1
3
[10]

Page 35 of 45
Q22.
[Note: Calc. set in wrong mode, penalise only once on the paper.]
Condone missing units throughout the question]

(a) Area of triangle = (12)(8)sinθ

Use of ab sin C or full equivalent

M1

sinθ = [=0.41(666...)]
OE (giving 0.412 to 0.42)

A1

θ = 0.4297(7...) = 0.430 to 3sf

AG(need to see >3sf value)

A1
3

(b) {AB2 =}82 +122 − 2 × 8 × 12 × cosθ

M1

= 64 + 144 − 174.5....
Accept 33 to 34 inclusive if three values
not separate

m1

AB = 5.78... = 5.8 cm to 2sf

If not 2sf condone 5.78 to 5.79 inclusive.
Condone ±

A1
3

(c) (i) Arc AD = 8θ

M1

= 3.44.. = 3.4 cm to 2sf

If not 2sf condone 3.438 to 3.44 inclusive

A1
2

(ii) Area of sector = r2θ

Stated or used [or 13.7(6..) seen]

M1

Page 36 of 45
 Shaded area = Area of triangle − sector area
Difference of areas

M1

Shaded area = 20 − 0.5 × 82 × θ

= 6.2 cm2 to 2sf
Condone 6.24 to 6.2472

A1
3
[11]

Q23.
(a)

M1

or

m1

or (= 0.7297..)

θ = 1.459... = 1.46 to 3sf

CSO AG (be convinced)

A1
3

(b) Arc

M1

= 24 × 1.459… = 35 cm
Condone absent cm; 35 to 35.04

A1
2

(c) (i) Area of sector =

Seen

Page 37 of 45
 M1

= = 420.3 = 420 cm2

Condone absent cm2; 420 to 420.48

A1
2

(ii) Area of triangle =

OE

M1

[= 286. (….)]

Shaded area = area of sector – area of triangle

Dep on at least one of the previous two M marks. PI

m1

cm2

Condone absent cm2

A1
3
[10]

Q24.
(a) Arc = rθ
For rθ or 16θ or 16 × 1.5 OE multiplication

M1

1.5r + r + r (= 56)
For realising that perimeter is sum of
two radii and arc.

M1

3.5r = 56 r = 16
AG Completion (condone verification)

A1
3

(b) Area of sector = r2 θ

Page 38 of 45
 r2 θ OE seen

M1

= 162 (1.5) = 192 cm2.

Condone absent cm2.

A1
2
[5]

Page 39 of 45
Examiner reports

Q1.
This question was answered correctly by about half of all students. While this was a
straightforward question, periodic sequences are a new topic on the specification, which
may account for students’ poorer performance. This question can be done very easily
through the efficient use of allowed calculator functions.

The most frequently seen incorrect answers were π and 2π in roughly equal proportion;
very few students selected 8.

Q4.
This was a very well answered question with a high proportion of students gaining full
marks. A small number of students failed to round results to three significant figures or
gave their answers in degrees. Some lost marks through sign errors when collecting the
terms of the quadratic together prior to factorisation. The most fundamental error seen
was where students tried to write everything in terms of tan x and occasionally the
equation 8(1 + tan x) –2 (1 + tan2 x) = tan2 x – 2 was seen. Those who changed to sine
and cosine at the start had to convert to an equation all in cosine to earn marks and some
did not go far enough.

Q5.
This question provided most candidates with a very good start to the paper. The two most
common errors, made by the very small minority of candidates who failed to score full
marks on the question, were to use the wrong formula, A = r2θ, for the area of the sector

or to incorrectly rearrange 21.6 = 18θ to obtain θ = .

Q6.
Finding the arc length and expressing the angle PTQ in radians in terms of π were
generally done correctly in this question on radian measure and geometry. Most students
then found the correct value for the area of the sector, but then using this proved
challenging for the average grade student. A further length was needed, which was
usually correctly found by more able students. Finding the area of two triangles (or the kite
directly), followed by the shaded area, required connected use of information given and
found; this proved to be discriminating. Those who joined the points O and T and used
basic trigonometry to find the length of PT (=TQ) were generally more successful in
finding the area of the kite than those who started by joining P to Q. There were a number
of excellent solutions seen, mainly from students who supported their method by explicitly
referring to unknown lengths from the given diagram.

Q7.
Part (a) was answered well with most candidates using the trapezium rule with the correct
number of strips and values substituted correctly. The most common errors were using
degrees instead of radians and incorrect use of brackets.

Most candidates recognised that the required transformation for part (b) was a stretch, but
were less sure of the direction and/or scale factor.

Page 40 of 45
 In part (c) the most common approach was to attempt to write the given equation in terms
of
tan x with varying degrees of success. Although some very good solutions were seen, a
common wrong method is illustrated by ‘2tan x = 1, 2x = 0.785, 3.93,….. x = 0.393, 1.97,
…..’

Those who correctly reached either or rarely scored more than one
of the
four marks because they forgot to consider both the positive and negative roots of these
equations.

Q8.
Part (a) was reasonably well answered, with most candidates obtaining both values.
Some candidates lost the accuracy mark through inaccurate evaluation of the second

angle, with 5.94 being a common incorrect answer. A few cases of cosec x = were
seen.

Part (b) was answered very well, with most candidates who obtained full marks in part (a)
also obtaining full marks in part (b). The majority of candidates earned the first 4 marks
but some then lost the final mark(s) through inaccurate values. There were a few
candidates who started with the wrong identity and hence scored zero.

Q9.
In part (a), most candidates were able to find R and α correctly, with only a few arithmetic

errors seen. Some candidates made the error of using tan α = , or equivalent, although
most candidates did use the tangent to find the value of α. Some ignored the request for
three decimal places, but two decimal place accuracy was condoned.

Many candidates obtained a correct answer to part (b), although some did not give the
minus sign on , or thought 0 or –1 was the minimum value. There was confusion
among some of the candidates between the minimum value and the value of x at which it
occurred, although again many correct answers were seen, but here too not always to
three decimal place accuracy.

In part (c), candidates who realised that they were to use part (a) usually made some
progress. Those relatively few candidates who did not realise this usually tried to square
the equation, but many did not realise this could only be successful if the sin or cos term
was moved to the other side first. Many such attempts were abandoned. Those who used
the expected method often lost 1 or 2 marks, through not giving all possible solutions in
the range, and in particular the last accuracy mark was often lost as candidates did not
make use of –0.886 in their working. Three decimal place accuracy was required for the
final mark as were answers in radians: degrees were condoned during the working and in
part (b) but not in part (a).

Q10.
This question, which tested trigonometric-graphs, identities and equations, was better
answered than similar questions in some recent series. In part (a) most of the graphs
presented had the correct shape with intercepts given, although the intercept y =1 was

Page 41 of 45
 occasionally omitted and those on the x-axis only expressed in degrees. Part (b)(i) usually
had enough to justify the given result which was then generally used in part (b)(ii). The
most common error in the final part was to omit the second answer for x. It was not
uncommon to see weaker candidates writing ‘identities’ such as ‘cos2x × cos2x = cos24x’.

Q11.
Many candidates found the inverse sine of 0.8 correctly but a significant minority did not
give the second solution. Parts (b)(i) and (b)(ii) were usually well answered but wrong
signs, use of degrees and reversed coordinates were all seen in part (b)(ii). Part (b)(iii)
was frequently not attempted or marks were lost due to an apparently careless omission
of brackets. Sketches for sin 2x resulted in a spread of marks awarded. Those sketches
gaining no credit usually resulted from stretching the given graph of sin x with a scale
factor 2 parallel to the y-axis.

One mark was the usual award for those stretching the graph of sin x parallel to the x-axis
but with scale factor 2. Those who correctly stretched sin x parallel to the x-axis with scale

factor scored at least two marks, and more often at least four marks, with a significant
number failing to get the fifth mark because the x-coordinates of the maximum points were
not shown.

Q12.
Some candidates clearly had little knowledge of this part of the specification, whilst others
gave clear and concise solutions. Part (a) was more successful than part (b), although
many made a sign error in comparing their expansion with the given expression and found

tan α = –3 or tan α = .

Very few errors were seen in finding the value of R, although many did not realise that –R

was the minimum value. This was frequently given as 0, –1 or , and it was often
confused with finding the value of x where the minimum occurred.

Some candidates made the mistake of using instead of and gave a result which
was out of range. Most candidates did work in radians to the requested accuracy, and
some drew sketch graphs to aid their solution.

Q13.
Most candidates obtained the method mark in part (a) by obtaining –0.32. Many
candidates went on to complete this part correctly, although incorrectly writing their
answer to 2dp was a common error. Answers in degrees were not common, but they were
seen.

Part (b) was answered very well by the majority of candidates with the correct
trigonometric identity being used.

In part (c) most candidates were able to successfully factorise the quadratic expression,
and many went on to complete the question correctly. Marks were lost by ‘extra’ values

Page 42 of 45
 being given or poor accuracy of writing their answers to 2dp.

Q14.
The vast majority of candidates were able to quote and use the correct formulae for the
area of the sector and for the arc length, and most obtained both correct answers.
Otherwise, the most common error in part (a) was to form the equation incorrectly, by

writing “2 × 18 = ”, before making a second error to obtain the printed answer. In

part (b), a very small minority left the perimeter as 3 cm.

Q15.
Part (a) was well answered by the majority of candidates. Tan x = 0.5 and x = 0.46, 3.60
was a common error. The second angle was often incorrect. Few cases of angles in
degrees were seen.

In part (b), most candidates used the correct identity and were successful in answering
this part of the question. The main error was cosec²x = cot² x – 1 followed by fudging of
the rest of the solution.

In part (c), most candidates attempted to factorise the quadratic expression, although
some used the quadratic formula. Those who factorised were usually correct, although
solutions of ½ and –2 were not uncommon. Those who used the formula often made the
error of cot²x = 2 or cot²x = –0.5. Candidates with 3.60 as a solution in (a) were able to
recover here but often failed to obtain both marks; 5.17 was a common error.

Q16.
This question, which tested radian measure, was not answered as well as expected. A
significant number of candidates found the length of the chord PQ instead of the arc PQ
in part (a).

In part (b), only a minority of candidates found the correct expression for α in terms of π.

Those using + α + α = π usually went on to score both marks but it was not
uncommon to see π replaced by 180 in candidates’ initial statements. Those attempting to
solve the problem by using the sine rule were rarely successful.

In the final part of the question a significant number of candidates found the perimeter of
the sector instead of the perimeter of the shaded segment. It is worth recording that a
significant minority of candidates who failed to score the marks in part (a) gave a correct
expression for the arc length in part (c).

Q17.
In general this question was done well by candidates of all abilities. Part (a) was very well
answered by the majority of candidates, although tan x = 1/3 and sin x =1/3 were also
seen. 1.23 was usually seen but the second result was often incorrect. There were very
few cases of results given in degrees.

Most candidates used the correct identity part (b) in and were successful in answering this
part of the question. The main error was candidates using tan²x = sec²x + 1 and then
fudging the rest of the solution.

Page 43 of 45
 In part (c) most candidates attempted to factorise the result from part (b), although some
used the quadratic formula. Those who factorised were usually correct, although solutions
of –1/3 and 1 were not uncommon. For the final 3 answers many totally correct solutions
were seen. Candidates with an incorrect solution in part (a) were able to recover here
from follow through marks, but often candidates failed to obtain both marks since 0 or 6.18
often accompanied 3.14.

Q18.
The vast majority of candidates were able to quote and use the correct formulae for the
area of the sector and for the arc length and most obtained both correct answers. Again,
some weaker candidates quoted formulae from page 8 of the formulae booklet without
understanding the meaning of them and gained no credit.

Q19.
Most candidates were able to give a correct value in part (a) but a significant minority did
not give any second value, despite the hint in the question: “answers”. A common wrong
answer was “4.407”. In part (b)(i), some candidates mixed up the coordinates and in part
(b)(ii) “( π + a)” was the usual wrong answer. The description of the required
transformation in part (c) was answered better this year.

Although some excellent solutions were seen to part (d), these were very much the
exception. The vast majority of candidates could not deal correctly with the 2x beyond

finding the first solution, .

Q20.
Parts (a) and (b) were very well answered with most candidates scoring full marks.
Surprisingly, part (c) proved to be demanding. Many candidates only found 2 rather than 4
solutions and, more alarmingly, candidates seemed to have a problem dealing with the (θ
– 0.1) and often subtracted the 0.1, giving an answer of 0.63 rather than 0.83.

Q21.
This question proved to be a good source of marks for most candidates. A small minority
of candidates failed to gain the marks in parts (a) and (b) because either they showed
insufficient detail in their solution or they worked in degrees with some premature
approximation at an earlier stage. Others quoted incorrect formulae; in particular r2 θ was
sometimes stated for the area of the sector. The required method for finding the area of
the shaded region in part (c)(i) was generally well understood. However, in a minority of
cases full marks were not gained due to calculators being set in degree mode.

The final part, using the cosine rule, was usually well answered, although a few could not
manipulate the arithmetic correctly, some used degree mode and, perhaps more
alarmingly, some candidates thought the cosine rule (as stated in the question) involved
the used of sin(1.4). Candidates should be aware that the cosine rule is in the AQA
formulae booklet.

Q22.

Page 44 of 45
 For many candidates this was their best answered question. In part (a) weaker candidates

seemed to be unaware of the formula ab sin C for the area of the triangle but the most
common reason for the loss of a mark was not showing a value for θ other than the
printed value and hence not showing that the result was correct to three significant
figures. It was disappointing to see some candidates quoting the cosine rule with sin θ
instead of cos θ (candidates should be aware that the cosine rule is given in the formulae
booklet) but in general this part of the question was answered very well. Most candidates
were able to quote the correct formulae for arc length and sector area but some
recalculated the area of the triangle, quite often not getting the value 20 as given in the

question. Some candidates quoted and used the incorrect formula r2(θ – sin θ) to
answer part (c)(ii).

Q23.
With the cosine rule in the formulae booklet, candidates normally used the cosine rule

rather than using “ “. Some weaker candidates applied the rule incorrectly as
illustrated by 24 = 24 + 32 – 2 × 24 × 32cos θ”. Candidates need to be aware that in
2 2

order to “show that θ = 1.46 correct to three significant figures”, they should have supplied
a value for θ to a greater degree of accuracy. The vast majority of candidates found the
length of the arc and it was particularly pleasing to see weaker candidates use the printed
answer from part (a) to answer part (b). It was surprising to find a significant number of
candidates giving the answer for the area of triangle ABC rather than the area of sector
ABC in part (c)(i) and then producing a fully correct solution in part (c)(ii). The formula,

, for the area of a triangle did not seem to be as well known as it might have
been.

Q24.
Most candidates realised that the arc length was 1.5r but a significant minority could not
form or solve the equation r + r + 1.5r = 56. The area of the sector required in part (b)

was answered well, although some candidates used the incorrect formula (θ – sin θ).

Page 45 of 45