Scribd
Upload
143 views3 pages

Gravitation All Formulas

Uploaded by

The K Studio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
143 views3 pages

Gravitation All Formulas

Uploaded by

The K Studio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

1

Class

GRAVITATION

Universal Law of Gravitation


According to Newton’s universal law of gravitation, every object in the universe attracts
every other object with a force, which is
(i) Directly proportional to the product of the masses of the objects and
(ii) Inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centres.

F ´d2
G=
M ´m
The SI unit of G can be obtained by substituting the unit of force, distance and mass
in equation (iii).
Nm 2
G=
kg ´ kg

G = Nm 2 / kg 2 or G = Nm 2 kg -2
Newton’s third law of motion (i.e., action and reaction are always equal and opposite)
applies to gravitational force as well.
Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
1st Law: Every planet revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit, with the Sun situated at
any one of the foci of the ellipse.
2nd Law: In the elliptical orbit of the planet, the line joining the centre of the planet to the centre
of Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time.
3rd Law: The Square of time period of revolution of a planet around the Sun is directly
proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis or the elliptical orbit.
æ 1ö
•Newton guessed the inverse square rule çç i.e., F µ ÷÷ using Kepler’s third law of planetary
è r2 ø
motion, and assuming that orbits of planets around the Sun are circular.
Gravity is the phenomenon of attraction between Earth and any other body. Force of
GmM
gravity, F=
r2
where M is mass of Earth and m is mass of the body at a distance r from the centre of
Earth.
Relation between g and G
GM
The relation between g and G is g = where M is mass of Earth and R is radius of Earth.
R2
The value of g does not depend on mass of the body.
Three Equations of Motion under Gravity
v = u + gt

1
2
Class

1 2
h = ut + gt
2

v 2 - u 2 = 2 gh
where u is initial velocity, v is final velocity after t second, h is the height covered in t
second.

When a body is projected upwards, it undergoes retardation = g = – 9.8 m/s 2 and in


free fall, the body has uniform acceleration g = + 9.8 m/s 2 .
Mass and Weight
• Mass of a body is the quantity of matter in the body.
• Weight of a body is the force with which the body is attracted towards the centre
of the Earth.

Thrust and Pressure


• Force acting normally or perpendicular to the surface is called thrust.
• Pressure (P) is the thrust (F) per unit area of the surface, i.e., P = F/A.
• The same force acting on a smaller area exerts a large pressure and a smaller
pressure while acting on a larger area.

The unit of pressure is pascal (Pa) where 1 Pa = 1N/m2 .


Other units of pressure are (i) bar (ii) millibar (m bar) and (iii) atm

1 bar = 105 Pa and 1 m bar = 10 2 Pa

1 atmospheric pressure (1 atm) = 1.013 ´ 105 N/m2 = 1.013 ´ 105 Pa

= 101.3 k Pa = 1.013 bar


Density and Relative Density
Mass per unit volume of a substance is called its density, i.e.,
mass (M )
density (d) =
volume (V )

The SI unit of density is kg/m 3 and its cgs unit is g/cm3 .

Density of a substance is one of its characteristic properties and it enables us to determine


its purity.
Relative density of a substance is defined as the ratio of its density to that of water at
4ºC. Being a ratio of two similar quantities, it has no unit.
Density of substance
Relative density =
Density of water

Relative density of a substance is also defined as the ratio of the mass of the substance to
the mass of an equal volume of water at 4ºC.

2
3
Class

Pascal’s law states that the pressure applied at any place to an enclosed mass of a fluid is
transmitted equally in all directions and it acts undiminished at every point of the fluid and on
the walls of the container.

You might also like