Icse Notes of Chem Class 10
Icse Notes of Chem Class 10
Progress Check 1
Question 1
Mention if the following statements are true or false:
(i) Genetics and heredity are the same thing.
(ii) "Like begets like", this applies only to animals.
(iii) The entire human population shows variations.
Answer
(i) False
Corrected statement — Genetics and heredity are related but not the same thing. (Heredity means
the transmission of genetically based characteristics from parents to offspring whereas Genetics is the
study of heredity.)
(ii) False
Corrected statement — "Like begets like", this applies to all organisms.
(iii) True
Question 2
Which of the following in humans are established genetic traits? (Tick-mark the correct ones) in the
box provided.
(i) Capacity to be a good cricketer
(ii) Curly hair
(iii) Left-handedness
(iv) Quality of voice
(v) Red-green colour blindness
Answer
Following are the established genetic traits in humans:
Curly hair
Left-handedness
Red-green colour blindness
Single feature is taken into consideration Two features are taken into consideration.
Phenotypic ratio in second generation is 3:1 Phenotypic ratio in second generation is 9:3:3:1
Genotype Phenotype
Character Trait
For example, flower colour is a For example, within the character of flower colour, specific
character. traits will be red, blue, or white flower colour.
The gene that expresses itself The gene that remains unexpressed in presence
phenotypically. of dominant allele.
Autosomes are chromosomes that determine the Sex chromosomes determine the sex of
general body features. an organism.
Question 4
Write two characters of pea pod with their alternative traits.
Answer
Two characters of pea pod with their alternative traits are :
S.
Character Alternative trait
No.
Question 5
The disease colour blindness is a :
1. Recessive X-linked disease
2. Dominant Y-linked disease
3. Recessive Y-linked disease
4. Dominant X-linked disease
Answer
Recessive X-linked disease
Reason — The disease colour blindness is due to recessive gene that occurs on the X-chromosome.
Question 6
The physical expression of a character is called :
1. Genotype
2. Alleles
3. Phenotype
4. Traits
Answer
Phenotype
Reason — Phenotype are the observable characteristics that are genetically controlled.
Column I Column II
(Term) (Explanation)
d. Allele (iv) A gene that can express only when in a similar pair
e. Homologous chromosomes (v) Chromosomes other than the pair of sex chromosomes
Answer
Column I Column II
(Term) (Explanation)
c. Recessive gene (iv) A gene that can express only when in a similar pair
Question 2
Name any two genetic diseases in humans.
Answer
Colour blindness and Haemophilia are two genetic diseases in humans.
Question 3
Which one of the following genotypes is homozygous dominant and which one homozygous recessive
in regard to tongue rolling:
Rr, rr, RR?
Answer
Homozygous recessive – rr
Homozygous dominant - RR
Short Answer Type
Question 1
Rewrite the correct form of the statement by changing the first or the last word only:
(a) Duplicated chromosomes remain attached at a point termed as centrosome.
(b) The full complement of DNA of an organism is termed as genetics.
(c) The inheritable feature of an organism is termed as heredity.
(d) Terminal flower position is a dominant trait of pea flower.
(e) Alternative forms of a gene are called traits.
Answer
(a) Duplicated chromosomes remain attached at a point termed as centromere.
(b) The full complement of DNA of an organism is termed as Genome.
(c) The inheritable feature of an organism is termed as character.
(d) Axillary flower position is a dominant trait of pea flower.
(e) Alternative forms of a gene are called Allele.
Question 2
Among lion, tiger and domestic cat, all the three have the same number of 38 chromosomes, yet they
have different appearances. How do you account for such differences?
Question 4
Explain why generally only the male child suffers from colour blindness and not the female?
Answer
Colour blindness is caused due to recessive genes, which occur on the ‘x’ chromosomes. Males have
only one X chromosome. If there is recessive gene present on X chromosome, then the male will
suffer from colour-blindness. Females have two X chromosomes. It is highly impossible that both the
X chromosomes carry abnormal gene. Hence, if one gene is abnormal and since it is recessive, its
expression will be masked by the normal gene present on the other X chromosome. Due to this
reason, females are unlikely to suffer from colour-blindness.
Descriptive Type
Question 1
Define the following terms:
(a) Pedigree chart
(b) Variations
(c) Mutation
Karyotype Karyokinesis
The complete set of chromosomes in the cells of an The division of the nucleus during mitosis is
organism is its karyotype. called karyokinesis.
They determine the somatic traits. They determine the sex of an organism.
They are numbered as 1 to 22. They are recognized by the letters XO, XY, ZO, ZW.
Human show 22 pairs of autosomes. Humans show only 1 pair of sex chromosome.
It has two same copies of the same allele It contains two different copies of alleles
coding for a particular trait. coding for a particular trait.
B b
B BB Bb
b Bb bb
In the question it is given that B refers to black fur and b refers to brown fur. So the genotype and
phenotype of the offspring will be:
Genotype — 1 (Homozygous Black Fur) : 2 (Heterozygous Black Fur) : 1 (Homozygous Brown Fur)
Phenotype — 3 (Black Fur): 1 (Brown Fur)
Question 2
Two pairs (A and B) of rabbits were crossed as given below:
(a) Can you tell which coat colour (black or white) is dominant?
(b) Is the coat colour sex-linked?
F2 Generation:
Gametes T t
T TT Tt
t Tt tt
Gametes R r
R RR Rr
r Rr rr
Gamete R r
R RR Rr
r Rr rr