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Practical 1

This document plots Legendre polynomials Pn(x) for n = 1 to 5 on the interval [0,1] to verify graphically that all roots of Pn(x) lie in this interval. It defines Legendre's equation, generates expressions for P1 to P5, and plots each polynomial as well as all polynomials on the same plot.

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28 views5 pages

Practical 1

This document plots Legendre polynomials Pn(x) for n = 1 to 5 on the interval [0,1] to verify graphically that all roots of Pn(x) lie in this interval. It defines Legendre's equation, generates expressions for P1 to P5, and plots each polynomial as well as all polynomials on the same plot.

Uploaded by

priyapal92105
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practical-1

Plotting of Legendre polynomial for n = 1 to 5 in the interval


[0,1]. Verifying graphically that all the roots of Pn(x) lie in the
interval [0,1]

Legendre’s Equation of order n :


1 - x 2 y'' - 2 xy' + n(n + 1) y = 0
General Equation :
y'' + P( x ) y ' + Q( x ) y = 0 or y '' - 12-xx 2 y' + n (n + 1 )
1- x 2
y = 0,

where P( x ) = - 12-xx 2 and Q( x ) = n (n + 1 )


1- x 2

Singular Points : x =
± 1  Putting coefficient of y '' = 0 ie. 1 - x 2 = 0
Singular Point : Points on which P(x) and Q(x) are not defined.
Ordinary Point : Points on which P(x) and Q(x) are defined.
Example :
1. y'' + xy' + 2 y = 0,
P( x ) = x and Q( x ) = 2 . These P( x ) and Q( x ) are defined
everywhere on R. Therefore x ∈ R is an ordinary point.
Types of Singular Point
2 Sem-5 Practical-1.nb

Types of Singular Point


Singular Point x0 is said to be Regular Singular Point if
f0 = x  x0 ( x - x0 ) P ( x )
lim

: g0 =lim
x  x 0 ( x - x 0 ) Q( x )
2

both exists. Otherwise that Singular


Point is said to be irregular Singular Point .
Series solution of a second order differential equation can be
found near ordinary points.
We use method of frobenius to find solution of second order
differential equation near Regular Singular Point.
In[ ]:= p1 = LegendreP[1, x]
Out[ ]= x

In[ ]:= Plot[p1, {x, 0, 1}]

1.0

0.8

0.6

Out[ ]=

0.4

0.2

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

In[ ]:= p2 = LegendreP[2, x]

- 1 + 3 x2 
1
Out[ ]=
2
Sem-5 Practical-1.nb 3

In[ ]:= Plot[p2, {x, 0, 1}]


1.0

0.5

Out[ ]=

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

-0.5

In[ ]:= p3 = LegendreP[3, x]

- 3 x + 5 x3 
1
Out[ ]=
2

In[ ]:= Plot[p3, {x, 0, 1}]


1.0

0.5

Out[ ]=

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

-0.5

In[ ]:= p4 = LegendreP[4, x]

3 - 30 x2 + 35 x4 
1
Out[ ]=
8
4 Sem-5 Practical-1.nb

In[ ]:= Plot[p4, {x, 0, 1}]


1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4
Out[ ]=
0.2

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

-0.2

-0.4

In[ ]:= p5 = LegendreP[5, x]

15 x - 70 x3 + 63 x5 
1
Out[ ]=
8

In[ ]:= Plot[p5, {x, 0, 1}]


1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4
Out[ ]=
0.2

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

-0.2

-0.4

In[ ]:= r = LegendreP[{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, x]

x, - 1 + 3 x2 , - 3 x + 5 x3 , 3 - 30 x2 + 35 x4 , 15 x - 70 x3 + 63 x5 
1 1 1 1
Out[ ]=
2 2 8 8
Sem-5 Practical-1.nb 5

In[ ]:= Plot[r, {x, 0, 1}]


1.0

0.5

Out[ ]=

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

-0.5

In[ ]:= Plot[LegendreP[{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, x], {x, 0, 1}]


1.0

0.5

Out[ ]=

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

-0.5

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