TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THEPHILIPPINES

938 AURORA BOULEVARD, CUBAO, QUEZON CITY, PHILIPPINES

A PROPOSED PROJECT IN HALAYHAYIN PILILLA RIZAL: “PROMOTING SUSTAINABILITY ECO-

LODGE TOURISM FACILITY THROUGH TROPICAL AND GREEN ARCHITECTURE.”

Theme:
“Switch ED: Edge. Educate. Edifices”

An Architectural Capstone Design Project Presented to the faculty of

Architecture Department College
of Engineering and Architecture

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

Degree Bachelor of Science in Architecture

Capstone Proponent:
Ranit, Michael B.

Capstone Adviser:
AR. APPLE DAZE S. ILAGA

July 2024
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: Introduction

1.1. The Project

1.2. Statement of the Problem
1.3. Project Goals and Objectives
1.4. The Client
1.4.1. Background of the Client
1.4.2. Mission and Vision
1.5. Project Scope and Limitations
1.6. Significance of the study

CHAPTER 2: Design Foundation

2.1. Design Process

2.1.1. Introduction to the Design Process
2.1. Review of Related Literature
2.1.1Overview of the Literature Review
2.1.1.1. Local Literature
2.1.1.2. Foreign Literature
2.1.1.3. Hypothesis
2.3. Case Study

CHAPTER 3: Site Selection and Justification

3.1. Site Selection Criteria/Site Suitability Analysis

3.2. Site Selection and Description
3.3. Site Evaluation
3.4. Site Justification
3.5. Macro-Meso Site Analysis
3.6. Micro Site Analysis
3.7. Design Consideration
3.8. User Analysis

CHAPTER 4: Design Inputs

4.1. Design Standards

4.2. Building Systems
4.2.1. Environmental Systems
4.2.2. Structural Systems
4.2.3. Utility Systems
4.2.4. Other Technical Issues
4.7. Specialized Allied Services
CHAPTER 5: Architectural Design Development and Programming

5.1. Architectural Design Development

5.1.1. Site Planning and Site Programming
5.1.2. Building Space Program
5.1.3. Design Constraints
5.2. Design Features
5.2.1. Architectural Character
5.2.2. Innovations
5.2.3. Highlights
5.2.4. Material Concept
5.3. Initial Design Translation

References

APPENDICES
Definition of Terms
Abbreviations
CHAPTER 1: Introduction

Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also, the theory and practice of touring, the business of
attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours. Tourism more
generally, in terms which go “beyond the common perception of tourism as being limited to holiday activities
only,” as people traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one
consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.”

Philippines is also known for having tourist destinations and been famous in other country. Pililla is the
capital of the province. Pililla has preserved some religious and nonreligious traditions such as the Santa
Cruzan or Flores de Mayo, wherein people walk all over town with their gowns. Town Fiesta during July is
being visited by people from the city to experience the celebrations, especially the amateur shows at night.

Like other towns, Pililla holds basketball league competitions for youth during summer. Pililla is also a
destination for road cyclists because of its asphalted road, specifically in Sitio Bugarin in Barangay
Halayhayin.

Tourism plays an important part in the economy of the country. The country is known for having its rich
biodiversity as its main tourist attraction. Its beaches, mountains, rainforests, islands, and diving spots are
among the country’s most popular tourist destinations. The country’s rich historical and cultural heritage is
also one of the attractions of the Philippines.

The Project

Statement of the Problem

New tourism developments in recent years have established halayhayin as not just a place of natural
beauty, but also as an adventure destination and a melting focus for pililla rizal.

As for facing the problem of Halayhayin being left behind in the development the following concerns are
analyzed such as:
- Not enough accommodations facilities for tourists in halayhayin.
- Lack of business structures that are suitable for the place.
- Lack of socially acceptable and environment-friendly tourism project in the city.

The problems faced by the Government of pililla rizal to secure growth in tourism need huge improvements
of sustainable development which will attribute to the province of become iconic and famous alongside
promoting their recreational activities.

Project Goals and Objectives

Main Goal
To highlight the beauty of halayhayin and promote its tourism industry.
 Objectives

• To provide tourists an accommodation and recreational facilities that will cater the rapid increase
of the tourist arrivals in the rapid increase of tourist arrivals in the city.
• To promote tourism industry of the city and to contribute to generating economic our service.
• To provide a place of interest and alternative destination that gives total satisfaction for tourists.

• To provide jobs and other related work regarding ecotourism for the people of halayhayin,
Providing financial benefits and empowerment for local people. Also to improve tourism in the
province of pililla.
• To promote halayhayin to be one of the tourist destinations in the Philippines. This will improve
tourism industry not only in pililla but also in the Country.
• To educate the locale as well as the tourist and guest in preservation of the natural environment.
To encourage people to save and protect the environment as well as those who benefit from it.

1.4. The Client

1.4.1. Background of the Client

Rizal Provincial Government

Mission

Rizal Province is committed to the promotion and modernization of socio-economic and environmental services by
providing programs and activities for sustainable livelihood, institutionalization of disaster risk reduction and climate
change adaptation, multi sector linkages and access to financing, proactive health care delivery, industry relevant
education and value formation, dependable infrastructure support and human resource development, ecological
management, and the preservation of cultural and historical sites achievable through effective, responsible and
transparent governance.

Vision

"A peaceful, ecologically balance province with a progressive, creative and sustained multi-sector economy; the
regional center for learning, culture and arts; endowed with equally accessible and advanced services and facilities
for its God-loving, highly capable, disaster prepared and climate change resilient citizenry."
 CORE VALUES

Pro-God and pro-people

Integrity

Loyalty

Industry

Lover and protector of environment

Law abiding

Advocacy for sustainable development

Responsiveness and resourcefulness

Ingenuity towards quality life

Zealousness

Active involvement in community development

Leader and community transformation

Project Scope and Limitations

• The project will focus on architectural – based solutions and apply trends, innovations, and
techniques to develop an eco-tourism hotel and resort.
• The proposal project discusses the integration of eco-tourism to provide and support total
satisfaction for tourists.
• The study will focus on the limited engineering aspects of (structural, electrical, plumbing, and
mechanical aspects.
• The study will limit to detailed marketing aspects of analysis but tackles the basic strategies and
operations.

CHAPTER 2: Design Foundation

 Design Process
The design process outlines the steps that need to be conducted to develop and analyze a
project. Its purpose is to organize the project by providing time for review, creation, planning,
and developing solutions to specific issues or challenges.

• To provide transparent governance, effective and efficient allocation of both human and material
resources for quality life
• To set up local and global linkages through modern technology to improve productivity for
sustainable development.
• To initiate partnership with the private sector to strengthen financial and technical capability
towards the implementation of viable, social, economic and environmental projects.
• To explore alternative sources and livelihood through the development of industries, commerce,
and tourism.
• To have active involvement of various stakeholders in policymaking, implementations and
monitoring action plans, programs through people empowerment.

Review of Related Literature and Case Studie: Literature Review: Foreign

FACTORS AFFECTING BOTANIC PARK VISITATION: A CASE OFSAIGON ZOO AND

BOTANICAL GARDENS.

Parks which function as tourism and recreational areas are means of offering income generating
opportunities that are complementary to nature conservation Aswell as the welfare of the local
population. Homecare existence of these parks is important to the community increasingly
numbers of people are becoming aware of the need to protect the environment and are
embracing ‘ecotourism.’ The Ecotourism Society ecotourism as responsible travel to natural
areas that conserves the environment.

Conceptual framework Secondary Research

There have been several studies which discuss the psychographic reasons as to why people
visit parks. These primarily deal with push and pull factors. that innocent people’s decisions and
or motivations when visiting a park. They help to understand some of the key elements in
designing conceptual frameworks of demographics and frequency scales as told ‘the push-

pull framework provides a useful approach for examining the motivations underlying.
tourist and visitation behavior.

Exploratory Research Focus Group

A focus group consists of 9 participants who are comprised of 4 males and 5 females
(4undergraduate students, 4 postgraduate students, 1 non-student; 6 single, 3married; all
between the ages of 20-30.The general outputs of the focus group discussion are listed: source
of information TV, radio, magazines, newspaper, the Internet, and brochures, billboards, and
their opinions of the push/pull factors; the facilities they view as important to a botanic park; the
possible residential statuses of park visitors.

In-Depth Interviews
In-depth interviews were conducted with 44-year-old, male, married with children; 44year-old,
female, married with children; 29year old, male, married without children;53year-old, male,
married with children and grandchildren; 48year-old, female, married with children. A series of
questions about parks and recreational areas as well as subject matters concerning. were
discussed between the interviewer and each of the respondents. The interviewees help in
contributing ideas as to what should be included in the conceptual framework such as what they
like and dislike about and how can the attractions and facilities of be improved.

SIMILAR PROJECT:

Brooklyn Botanic Garden, USA.

Lloyd's Botanical Garden, India.

Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, South Africa.

 https://www.academia.edu/4951191/Factors_Affecting_Botanic_Park_Visitation_The_Case_of
_Saigon_Zoo_and_Bot anical_Gardens?uc-g-sw=43313975

Review of Related Literature and Case Studie: Literature Review: Foreign

SUCCESS OF ECOTOURISM SITES AND LOCAL COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN SABAH
This research is largely influenced by considerable personal and professional experience in
research and by a number of consultations in the area of rural tourism development. Frequent
visits to the rural communities on a professional and personal capacity over the years in Sabah
have left a large impression that there are varieties of participation in ecotourism ranging from
handicraft making to eco-lodge ownership. Many locals who were interviewed were eager to be
included, at varying levels of participation, in ecotourism projects. Most of them have the notion
that ecotourism will improve their current economic conditions and thus improve their living
conditions. There are many levels of participation ranging from decision-making to manipulative
participation. The existence of participation in an ecotourism project sometimes does not reflect
the true meaning of local community participation especially if it is a manipulative.

Butler has come up with nine characteristics that qualify an activity as an ecotourism activity:

• It promotes positive environmental ethics and fosters ‘preferred’ behaviour in its participants.
• It does not degrade the resource. In other words, it does not involve consumptive erosion of the
natural environment.
• It concentrates on intrinsic rather than extrinsic values. Facilities and services may ease the
encounter with the intrinsic resource, but never become attractions, and do not detract from the
natural resource.
• It is oriented around the environment in question and not around man. Ecotourists accept the
environment as it is, neither expecting it to change or to be modified for their convenience.
It must help wildlife and the environment. The question of whether the environment (not just
people) has received ‘benefits’ can be measured socially, economically, scientifically,

SIMILAR PROJECT:

Arana Sri Lanka Eco Lodge and Yoga Center - Sri Lanka
Lodge on Little St. Simons Island - Georgia

Cottar’s Safaris – Kenya

 https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/41336247.pdf Review of Related Literature and
Case Studie: Literature Review: Local
Manila Zoological & Botanical Garden: An Assessment of Facilities and Services. According to
Manila City’s website, the Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden opened its doors to the
public. It served as an educational and recreational facility for the young and old people to
enjoy. It was also known as the first Zoo ever built in Asia. It has a land area of 5.5 hectares and
a population of more than 500 animals. Zoological Parks like Manila
Zoo played a vital role in educating the public about animals and their behaviors. Through
zoos, people have got to interact with them and also know them by seeing them live and actual.
Therefore, zoological parks must have had their way on how to take care of the animals in there
and how to keep their facilities for the public to continuously enjoy their offered educational and
recreational purpose as a zoo.

This paper aims to assess facilities and services being offered in Manila Zoo for the researchers
to know what changes have been brought in visitors’ decisions because of their recent
decreasing number. By this, the researchers must achieve the goals showed below:

• To decide the factors that affect visitors’ interests in going to Manila Zoo.
• To investigate what improvements need to be done in Manila Zoo.

To question what problems are encountered by the respondents with the facilities and services
offered by Manila Zoo.

SIMILAR PROJECT:

Boguio Botanical Garden

Makiling Botanical Gardens

Sirao Flower Garden

 CHAPTER 3: SITE SELECTION AND JUSTIFICATION

3.1. SITE SELECTION CRITERIA / SITE SUITABILITY ANALYSIS

To define parameters to identify a suitable site, the proponent based the site selection criteria on
the best practices and criteria for developing successful eco-tourism, eco-lodge. When creating
eco-tourism, facility green initiatives should be implemented at every stage of the building and
management process. This includes:

• Selecting an appropriate site

• Using sustainable building materials
• Implementing green energy resources
• Applying a natural design style

Selecting an appropriate site location for eco-tourism accommodation is the first and perhaps
the most critical step towards creating a green attraction. To ensure that facilities are designed
in a way that minimizes environmental impact while maximizing self-sufficiency, substantial
knowledge of the characteristics of the specific environment must be obtained. Each site will
have a unique set of physical features, naturel resources and attractions, all of which should be
considered when examining the potential of a site location.

3.2. SITE SELECTION AND DESCRIPTION

SITE LOCATION AREA DESCRIPTION
AND ZONING
SITE A: Barangay Halayhayin Pililla,
Rizal
The site is in The area of The site is
Barangay the site is. directly
Halayhayin 107,411.61 m. accessible to
Pililla, Total Distance the main
is road.
Rizal. The land
use/zoning of 1.27 km This lot is
an corner lot
the (4,162.29 ft)
that has one
site of the site
access side
is under an
which is the
Institutional
front. Its
zone. neighboring
zones are
also.
commercial and
institutional.
The site is
grassland with
existing
vegetation.
 SITE LOCATION AREA DESCRIPTION
AND ZONING
SITE B: Amuyong Mabitac, Laguna

The site is in The area of the Amuyong

Amuyong site is. Mabitac,
Mabitac, 145,991.82 m. Laguna main
Laguna. The The total road
land provides
distance
use/zoning of direct
the 1.64 km. access to the
site of the site location.
is under an This property
Institutional is inner
zone. and has. Two
entry
points: the front
and the right. Its
surrounding
areas are.
likewise
commercial and
institutional.

SITE LOCATION AND AREA DESCRIPTION

ZONING
SITE C: Sitio Kawayan and Mahabang Sapa, Brgy.Halayhayin, Pililla, Rizal
 The site is in The area of The site is
Sitio kawayan, the site is. directly
Mahabang 53.1001 accessible
Sapa. via
Hectares.
Brgy.Halayhayin,
Manila E,
Pililla,
Road.
Rizal. provides
The land direct
use/zoning of access to
the site of the the
site is under location.
an This
Ecotourism property is
zoning. inner
and has. Two
entry
points:
the front
and the back.
The zoning
classification
of the
site
according to
the CLUP of
Pililla
Rizal, is under
an
Ecotourism
Zone
(Ecotour-Z).

3.3. SITE EVALUATION

SITE
SITE OPTIONS
DESCRIPTION

Environmental and
Site A Site B Site C
Physical Factors

Overall Critical Equivalent Critical Equivalent Critical Equivalent

Criteria Rating Ranking Percentage Ranking Percentage RankingPercentage

Evaluation 5 10 4 8 4 8
of 10
 Land Area

Evaluation of
Land
Accessibility 10 5 10 3 6 5 10

Site Soil
Criteria 10 4 8 4 8 4 8

Utilities and
Services 10 4 8 4 8 4 8

Pedestrians 10 2 4 2 4 3 6

Natural 10 3 6 4 8 4 8
Hazards

Site 5 3 6 2 4 4 8
Drainage

Site 10 3 6 5 10 4 8
Topography

Climate 10 4 8 4 8 4 8

Orientation 10 4 8 4 8 4 8

Future
Expansion 5 4 8 3 6 4 8

Total 100 41 82 39 78 44 88

SITE DESCRIPTION SITE OPTIONS

Socio-Economic and
Cultural Factors Site C
Site A Site B

Overall Critical Equivalent Critical Equivalent Critical Equivalent

Rating PercentageRanking Percentage Percentage
Criteria Ranking Ranking

Site Potential
(jobs,
residential,
commercials,
industrials) 25 3 15 4 20 4 20

Main Road 25 5 25 3 15 5 25
Access
Public
Acceptance
of the
Proposed
Site 25 4 20 4 20 4 20

Must be
situated in 25
stress-free
areas 4 20 4 20 4 20

Must be
situated in
stress-free
areas 25 4 20 4 20 4 20

Total 100 16 80 15 75 17 85

SITE DESCRIPTION SITE OPTIONS

Site B Site C
Site A Amuyong Mabitac, Sitio Kawayan and
Legal, Institutional, Laguna Mahabang Sapa
Barangay
Administrative, and
Halayhayin
Aesthetic Factors
Pililla, Rizal
Overall Critical Equivalent Critical Equivalent Critical Equivalent
Criteria Rating Ranking Percentag Ranking Percentage Percentage
e Ranking

Zoning 20 4 16 4 16 5 20

Ownership 25 3 15 3 15 5 25

Land Value 35 3 21 2 14 4 28
Compatibility
with 20 4 16 4 16 4 16
Land Use
Total 100 14 68 13 61 18 89

Overall Rating SITE OPTIONS

Criteria Site A Site B Site C

Environmental and Physical Factors 82 78 88

Socio-Economic and Cultural Factors 80 75 85

 Legal, Institutional, Administrative, and 68 61 89
Aesthetic
Factors

71.33 87.33
Total 76.67%% %

3.4. SITE JUSTIFICATION

Site C. Sitio Kawayan and Mahabang Sapa, Brgy.Halayhayin, Pililla, Rizal

This stage is crucial for justifying why a particular location has been chosen
among others. After considering the site criteria outlined in the General Site
Selection criteria, each location demonstrated distinct potential for the project.
However, Site C in Sitio Kawayan and Mahabang Sapa, Brgy.Halayhayin,
Pililla, Rizal emerged as the most promising.

option. It scored higher in several categories and achieved the highest

overall grade of
87.33% in the evaluation, making it wellsuited to meet the project's
requirements.

The following are the conditions why the site is chosen:

• Accessibility from different municipalities.

• The proposed site is along the national high way.
• Accessibility to public transportation
• The proposed site has the availability of basic utilities such as
electric lines, water lines, and telecommunication lines.
3.5. MARCO-MESO SITE ANALYSIS: REGION / PROVINCE /

CITY / TOWN Region IV-A- Calabarzon

Province: of Pililla Rizal

Pililla is a first-class municipality in the Province of Rizal and is also

known. Originally established as an agricultural lakeshore locality, Pililla later
became known as the host of the Malaya Thermal Power Plant and Pilipinas
Shell's Bitumin Plant.
These major industrial facilities, which were established in the 1990's led to Pililla's
economic growth and development.
Nowadays, the development of Alternergy's Wind Farm Power Plant dotting the
mountainous region of Pililla, has brought about a resurgence of economics.
Activity as well as growth in the tourism sector. According to the 2020 census, it
has a population of 71,535 people.
It is surrounded by farms, small mountains, plains, and trees. Pililla is known as the Green Field
Municipality of Rizal.

Pililla is an old community, having been founded as an Independent Municipality

in 1583. Cavada, a Spanish historian, revealed that in the year 1571, the Spanish
forces conquered the towns along Laguna de Bay which they called “Rinconada
de Moron” and Pilang Munti was among those which surrendered to the superior
force of the Spaniards.

Presently, the town is considered as a first class municipality, one of the 14

political subdivisions of the Province of Rizal. It is the easternmost portion of
the province together with the Municipality of Jalajala.

Significant Milestones in the History of Pililla

The municipality of Pililla is located between 121o 15' 00" and 121o 15' 25" east longitude and
14o 30' and 14o 25' north latitude. It is bounded by the town of Tanay in the north; the towns of
Sta. Maria and Sta. Maria and Mabitac, Laguna in the east; Jala-jala, Rizal in the
south and Laguna de Bay in the west. It has nine (9) barangays, five of which are in
the poblacion namely:
the barangays of Hulo (San Lorenzo - Sta. Maria), Takungan (Dolores-
San Juan), Imatong (Sta. Maria Magdalena – San Pedro), Wawa (San Francisco -
San Roque), and Bagumbayan (San Isidro). The other four (4) barangays are
Halayhayin, Quisao, Niogan and Malaya.
Pililla has an estimated total land area of 8,218 hectares. Halayhayin is its
largest barangay, occupying 32 percent of the town’s land area while the
poblacion barangays of Imatong, Wawa and Takungan are the smallest.

In terms of area, it ranks as the fourth largest town in Rizal province. The five
poblacion barangays account for 30 % of Pililla’s total land area. Most built-up
areas are located in the poblacion.

General Topography

Lying on the western side of the Sierra Madre Mountains, the topography of Pililla
is flat near the Laguna de Bay area and starts rolling towards the uplands of hills
and mountains. The highest elevation of the town located at its southern tip at
Mount Sembrano, is about 743 feet above sea level.

Travelling from eastern Metro Manila to Pililla, one passes through Cainta,
Antipolo City and through the towns of Teresa, Morong, Baras and Tanay via the
Manila East Road Highway. After the winding mountain roads, this way leads to
the lakeside town of Rizal. This route offers sightseeing opportunities that will
make anyone appreciate the beauty of nature.

The roads along said route are well-maintained, and likewise opens to refreshing
views of green farmlands, tall trees, as well as the mountain side forming part of
the Sierra Madre Mountain Range.

The breathtaking view of the majestic mountains is a stress reliever that. makes the road
trip a relaxing one worth remembering.

A wide variety of restaurants, resorts and other commercial establishments are

spotted along the way, providing wonderful stops. and great dining experiences.

A wondrous view overlooking the Laguna de Bay is also encountered.

The Philippines' largest lake is also a primary source of freshwater fish. It
is also used for aquaculture, recreation and as shipping vessels
navigation lane.
Further at the junction of the Manila East Road in Pililla, the leftward
route brings you to the access area to the Wind Farm Project all the way
to Mabitac, Laguna, while the rightward route leads to Rizal's last town,
Jalajala.

CLIMATE AND RAINFALL

The type of climate prevailing in the area is the first

type of climate which is mostly hot throughout the year
except when there is rain or typhoon or during the month of
January and February when cold winds in Siberia is blown
to the Philippines caused by thawing of ice in the mountain
range of Siberia and China.

There are only two (2) seasons prevailing in the area the
whole year round, the dry and rainy season.
The dry season is usually during the months of
November to April and has an average rainfall of 9.975 in
inches. The rainy season is usually during the months of
May to October and has an average rainfall of 10.80 in
inches.
The flood in Pililla usually occur once a year but
there are times when they occur twice but very rarely three
(3) times a year. The area of the land flooded is about 5%
of the total land area of about 410 hectares.
Climate and Average Weather Year-Round in Pililla

Average Temperature in Pililla

The hot season lasts for 1.9 months, from April 8 to June 4, with an
average daily high temperature above 91°F. The hottest month of the
year in Pililla is May, with an average high of 92°F and low of 78F. The
cool season lasts for 2.7 months, from November 26 to February 17, with
an average daily high temperature below 86°F. The coldest month of the
year in Pililla is January, with an average low of 73°F and high of 84°F.
Soils and Its Geologic Characteristics

Three distinct soil types namely, Bantay Loam, Antipolo Clay Loam and Antipolo
Clay, form part of Pililla’s land. The red to reddish brown soil of the Antipolo
series developed from igneous and other volcanic rocks, while Bantay Loam is
characterized as brown to dark brown loam surface soil.

Highly weathered and tuffaceous materials characterize the upper

subsoil. Igneous or volcanic rocks line the lower part of the subsoil,
especially basalt of various degrees due to weathering and
disintegration.

In some places, the rocks are exposed on the surface. Basaltic boulders abound
in sloping areas. The Antipolo series in Pililla is composed of two types: Antipolo
clay and Antipolo clay loam.

Antipolo clay loam has dark reddish-brown tinge. When dry, it is finely granulated and friable
but becomes slightly sticky when wet.

Landforms and Physiography

The land in Pililla can be classified into various landforms, and its
physiography into discrete units based on slope, soil depth,
drainage, inherent fertility, flooding class, erosion class, and
elevation. the Land Management Unit distribution in
Pililla.
Majority of Pililla’s terrain consists of moderately sloping to rolling land,
accounting for 3,366.11 has.
(40.72%), to rolling to hilly (21.90%) and level to gently sloping (18.42%). The
rest are gently sloping to undulating (10.62%) to steep hills and mountains. This
slope characteristic is deemed suitable for balanced agriculture, ecological
preservation and urban development.

Erosion Hazard
Incidents of erosion in the municipality range from severe to moderate to
no apparent occurrence. An estimated 2,974 hectares, representing 36%
of Pililla's total land area, experience severe erosion with drainage
intervals of less than 25 meters. Moderate erosion, with drainage interval
of 50 meters, has been observed in an estimated 1,289 hectares
representing 15.7 % of the total land area. Slight erosion, with drainage
interval of 100 meters, has been reported in an area of 1,068 hectares
representing 13 % of the total.
Land Cover and Vegetation

Agricultural land accounted for 2,497.53 hectares, representing 30.39% of Pililla's total land
area.
Rice, mango, coconut, and pineapple were the dominant agricultural crops planted,
while. banana, citrus and watermelon followed. Grasslands make up an estimated
area of 382.40 hectares
or 4.65%. These areas consist of grasses, shrubs, and bamboo.

Existing built-up areas account for a total of 1,858.16 hectares representing

22.61 % of Pililla's total land area with concentration in each urban expansion
area of nine (9) barangays in Pilila. Other built-up areas can also be found in
the farther areas of Hulo, Bagumbayan and Halayhayin.

An estimated 2,332 hectares or 28.38% of Pililla's total land area are covered with thick
trees which are considered woodland and ecological preservation areas located mostly
in
Barangays of Bagumbayan, Halayhayin, Quisao, Niogan and Malaya. Estimated 22.53 hectares
or
0.27% of the total land area, is devoted to aquaculture.
THE DEMOGRAPHICS OF PILILLA
The total population of Pililla has been rising and falling between 1995 and
2015.
There was a 2.03 percent increase between 1995 and 2000 but there was also a
steep drop of 3% between 2007 and 2010. The simple average of the population
figure shows a mere 0.23% increase over the five-year span from 2010 to 2015.

Population Size

According to the latest PSA Census, Pililla had 64,812 inhabitants in 2015.
Quisao accounted for 24.42% of the Total Population, Bagumbayan for 11%,
Hulo for 15.3% and Halayhayin for 12.48%. Imatong had the lowest number of
inhabitants at 1.43%.

Population Projection of Pililla

In the 2020 census, the population of Pililla, Rizal, was 71,535 people, [4]
with a density of 1,000 inhabitants per square kilometre or 2,600
inhabitants per square mile.

Population Projection of Pililla

Transportation
Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2017-2026
Vision

“We envision Pililla as the alternative energy capital of the Philippines,

with a God- fearing, peaceful, disaster resilient community, conducive
to sustainable development and efficient management of natural and
land resources through active, participative, responsive and
committed leadership.”

SWOT
Strength – Easy to access
Weakness – No national convention center, Traffic,
Opportunity- Safe destination, National convention center, shorter
meeting/ incentives. Threats- Increase competition, travel safety
concerns.
Micro Site Analysis: The Site and its Immediate Environs

Actual Site Map

Initial Schematic Design

 CHAPTER 4: Design Inputs

4.1. Design Standards

For the proposed research facility, the design and planning shall abide to
the following regulations based on the National Building Code of the
Philippines:

4.1.1. RULE VII - CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

OF ALL BUILDINGS BY USE OR OCCUPANCY

Group B – Residentials, Hotels and Apartments

Group B Occupancies shall be multiple dwelling units including
boarding or lodging houses, hotels, apartment buildings, row houses,
convents, monasteries, and other similar building each of which
accommodates
more than 10 persons.
 Schedule of Principal, Accessory and Conditional Use/Occupancy of Building/Structure:

4.1.2. Rule IV - Type of Construction

SECTION 401. Types of Construction For purposes of the Code and its
IRR, all buildings proposed for construction shall be classified according to
the following types:

1.Type I - shall be of wood construction. The structural elements may be

any of the materials permitted by the Code.

2.Type II - shall be of wood construction with protective fire-resistant

materials and onehour fire resistive throughout, except that permanent
non-bearing partitions may use fireretardant treated wood within the
framing assembly with one-hour resistivity.

3.Type III - shall be of masonry and wood construction. Structural

elements may be any of the materials permitted by the Code provided
that the building shall be one-hour fireresistive throughout. Exterior walls
shall be of incombustible fire-resistive construction.

4.Type IV - shall be steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction and

walls, ceiling and permanent partitions shall be of incombustible fire-
resistive construction, except, that permanent non-bearing partitions of
one-hour fire-resistive construction may use fireretardant treated wood
within the framing assembly.
5.Type V - shall be four-hour fire-resistive throughout and the structural
elements shall be of steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction.

SECTION 402. Changes in Types

No change shall be made in the type of construction of any building
which would place the building in a different sub-type or type of
construction unless such building is made to comply with the
requirements for such sub-type of construction: Except, when the
changes is approved by the Building Official upon showing that the new
or proposed construction is less hazardous, based on life and fire risk,
than the existing construction.

SECTION 403. Requirements on Type of Construction

Subject to the provisions of this Chapter, the Secretary shall prescribe

standards for each type of construction, and promulgate rules and
regulations there for, relating to structural framework, exterior walls and
openings, interior walls and enclosures, floors, exits and stairs
construction, and roofs.

4.1.3. Rule VI - Fire Resistive Requirements in Construction

SECTION 501. Fire Zones Defined

Fire zones are areas within which only certain types of buildings are
permitted to be constructed based on their use or occupancy, type of
construction, and resistance to fire.
SECTION 502. Buildings located in more than One Fire Zone

A building or structure which is located partly in one fire zone and partly in
another shall be considered to be in the more highly restrictive fire zone,
when more than one-third of its total floor area is located in such zone.

SECTION 503. Moved Building

Any building or structure moved within or into any fire zone shall be made
to comply with all the requirements for buildings in that fire zone.

SECTION 504. Temporary Buildings

Temporary buildings such as reviewing stands and other miscellaneous

structures conforming to the requirements of this Code, and sheds,
canopies and fences used for the protection of the public around and in
conjunction with construction work, may be erected in the fire zones by
special permit from the Building Official for a limited period of time, and
such buildings or structures shall becompletely removed upon the
expiration of the time limit stated in such permits.

SECTION 505. Center Lines of Streets

For the purpose of this Chapter, the center line of an adjoining street or
alley may be considered an adjacent property line. Distances shall be
measured at right angles to the street or alley.

SECTION 601. Fire-Resistive Rating defined

Fire-resistive rating means the degree to which a material can withstand

fire as determined by generally recognized and accepted testing methods.

SECTION 602. Fire-Resistive Time Period Rating

Fire-resistive time period rating is the length of time a material can

withstand being burned which may be one-hour, two-hours, three-hours,
four-hours, etc.
SECTION 603. Fire-Resistive Standards

All materials of construction, and assemblies or combinations thereof shall

be classified according to their fire-retardant or flame-spread ratings as
determined by general accepted testing methods and/or by the Secretary.

SECTION 604. Fire-Resistive Regulations

The Secretary shall prescribe standards and promulgate rules and

regulations on the testing of construction materials for flame-spread
characteristics, tests on fire damages, fire tests of building construction
and materials, door assemblies and tinclad fire doors and window
assemblies, the installation of fire doors and windows and smoke and fire
detectors for fire protective signaling system, application and use of
controlled interior finish, fireresistive protection for structural members,
fire-resistive walls and partitions, fireresistive floor or roof ceiling, fire-
resistive assemblies for protection of openings and fireretardant roof
coverings.
4.1.4. Rule VIII- Light and Ventilation
SECTION 804. Sizes and Dimensions of Courts
1. Minimum sizes of courts and yards and their least dimensions shall be
governed by the use, type of construction, and height of the building as
provided hereunder, provided that the minimum horizontal dimension of
said courts and yards shall be not less than 2.00 meters. All inner courts
shall be connected to a street or yard, either by a passageway with a
minimum width of 1.20 meters or by a door through a room or rooms.
2. The required open space shall be located totally or distributed anywhere
within the lot in such a manner as to provide maximum light and
ventilation into the building. (Figures VIII.12. through VIII.15.)
3. YARD - the required open space left between the outermost face of the
building/structure and the property lines, e.g., front, rear, right and left side
yards. The width of the yard is the setback. Yards prescribed for
Commercial, Industrial, Institutional and Recreational Buildings are shown
in Table VIII.3. hereafter.

4.1.5. SECTION 805. Ceiling Heights

1. Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation shall have ceiling

heights not less than 2.40 meters measured from the floor to the
ceiling; provided that for buildings of more than one (1) storey, the
minimum ceiling height of the first storey shall be 2.70 meters and
that for the second story 2.40 meters and the succeeding stories
shall have an unobstructed typical head-room clearance of not less
than 2.10 meters above the finished floor. Above-stated rooms with
natural ventilation shall have ceiling heights of not less than 2.70
meters.
4.1.6. SECTION 806. Sizes and Dimensions of Rooms

1. Minimum sizes of rooms and their least horizontal dimensions shall be

as follows:

a.Rooms for Human Habitations – 6.00 sq. meters with a least dimension
of 2.00 meters;

b.Kitchen – 3.00 sq. meters with a least dimension of 1.50 meters; and

c. Bath and toilet – 1.20 sq. meters with a least dimension of 900
millimeters. SECTION

807. Air Space Requirements in Determining the Size of Rooms

1. Minimum air space shall be provided as follows:

a. School Rooms - 3.00 cu. meters with 1.00 sq. meter of floor area per
person.

b. Workshop, Factories, and Offices - 12.00 cu. meters of air space per
person; and

c. Habitable Rooms - 14.00 cu. meters of air space per person.

SECTION 807. Air Space Requirements in Determining the Size of Rooms

Minimum

air space shall be provided as follows:

Workshop, Factories, and Offices – 12.00 cu. meters of air space per
person; and

4.1.7. SECTION 808. Window Openings

1. Rooms intended for any use, not provided with an artificial

ventilation system, shall be provided with a window or windows
with a total free area of openings equal to at least 10% of the
floor area of the room, provided that such opening shall be not
less than 1.00 sq. meter. However, toilet and bathrooms, laundry
rooms and similar rooms shall be provided with windows or
windows with an area not less than 1/20 of the floor area of such
rooms, provided that such opening shall not be less than 240 sq.
millimeters. Such windows shall open directly to a court, yard,
public street or alley, or open watercourse.
In locating window openings, it should be borne in mind that in cases of
extreme emergencies windows must serve as emergency egress to vacate
the premises or access for rescue operations. Such windows shall meet
the following requirements:

a.They can be opened from the inside without the use of any tools;
b.the minimum clear opening shall have a width not less than 820
millimeters and a height of 1 meter;

c. The bottom of the opening should not be more than 820 millimeters from
the floor;

d.Where storm shutters, screens or iron grilles are used, these shall be
provided with quick opening mechanism so that they can be readily
opened from the inside for emergency egress and shall be so designed
that when opened they will not drop to the ground;
e.All areas immediately outside a fire exit window/grille must be free of
obstacles and must
lead to a direct access down into the ground or street level.

4.1.8. SECTION 810. Ventilation Skylights

1. Ventilation skylights shall have a glass area not less than that
required for the windows that are replaced. They shall be equipped with
movable sashes or louvers with an aggregate net free area not less
than the parts in the replaced window that can be opened, or else
provide artificial ventilation of equivalent effectiveness.

SECTION 811. Artificial Ventilation

1. Rooms or spaces housing industrial or heating equipment shall be provided with
artificial means of ventilation to prevent excessive accumulation of hot and/or
polluted air.

2. Whenever artificial ventilation is required, the equipment shall be designed to meet

the following minimum requirements in air changes as shown in Table VIII.4.
hereafter.

4.1.9. G. DESIGN OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS/STRUCTURES

1. General

a. Public buildings/structures are permanent edifices owned by the

government, whether national or local, its agencies, including government-
owned and/or controlled corporations.

b. Design of public buildings/structures shall conform to the

applicable provisions of the preceding rules and regulations. Aside from
being logically functional and structurally sound, it should promote,
enhance, and express the aesthetic presentability, customs and traditions,
socio-economic values, environmental quality and cultural heritage of the
region concerned towards evolving a distinct Filipino Architecture.

c. The architectural character of public buildings/structures must fully

express the nature of their function, use or occupancy and should reflect
their identity as public buildings/structures compatible with their total
macro and microenvironment.

d. Public buildings/structures should be designed for permanence but

with maximized flexibility to allow for future adjustments in their
uses/occupancies. e. Use of indigenous and/or locally
manufactured/produced materials such as marble, stone, adobe, clay
tiles, wood, coco wood, capiz shells, should be maximized unless their
production or usage are banned or regulated by the government to
promote the efforts to conserve natural resources.

f. Use of natural light and ventilation by means of proper orientation, cross

ventilation, convection, sun control devices and the like should be
maximized.

g.Choice of finishes should aim to minimize maintenance costs.

h.The architectural plan and design must basically reflect the functional
manner or spatial utilization and/or the evolving Filipino, Asian or
International usage of spaces that need to be projected if required or
used, more than just attention to pure forms/images.
i. Only the use of good to high quality materials, labor, technologies and
construction methods within the approved budget, must be specified by
its planners and designers to ensure permanence, long continued use
and low maintenance cost of public buildings or structures.

j. Plans and designs of all public buildings must fully comply with all of the
planning and design requirements under the Code and this IRR
including the Fire Code of the Philippines and the Accessibility Law (BP
Blg. 344).
k. Strictly consider proper landscaping analysis and design not only for
aesthetics but more so for the prevention of erosion of its site and
immediate vicinity, and for ecological balance.

l. These requirements are not intended to limit the creativity of the

designer nor preclude the use of advanced or innovative technology
particularly in instances wherein mandated compliance under this
Guideline shall present a major difficulty in or hamper the proper
execution of the plan, design, or architectural concept.

4.1.0. Rule IX - Sanitation

SECTION 902. Water Supply System

1. Whenever available, the potable water requirements for a building

used for human habitation shall be supplied from existing municipal or city
waterworks systems.

2. The quality of drinking water from meteoric, surface or

underground sources shall conform to the criteria set in the latest
approved National Standards for Drinking Water Standards.

3. The design, construction and operation of deepwells for the

abstraction of groundwater shall be subject to the provisions of the Water
Code of the Philippines (PD 1067).

4. The design, construction and operation of independent waterwork

systems of private housing subdivisions or industrial estates shall be
governed by existing laws relating to the local waterworks system.
5. The water piping installation for water supply and distribution to
each fixture including the wastewater drainage with proper venting inside
building and premises, shall conform to the provision of the Revised
National Plumbing Code of the Philippines.

4.2.1. SECTION 903. Wastewater Disposal System

1. Sanitary sewage from buildings and neutralized or pre-treated

industrial wastewater shall be discharged directly into the nearest street
sanitary sewer main of existing municipal or city sanitary sewerage
system in accordance with the criteria set by the Code on Sanitation of the
Philippines and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR).

2. All buildings located in areas where there are no available sanitary

sewerage system shall dispose their sewage to “Imhoff” or septic tank and
subsurface absorption field or to a suitable waste water treatment plant or
disposal system in accordance with the Code on Sanitation of the
Philippines and the Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines.
3. Sanitary and industrial plumbing installations inside buildings and
premises shall conform to the provisions of the Revised National Plumbing
Code of the Philippines.

4.2.2. SECTION 904. Storm Drainage System

1.Rainwater drainage shall not discharge to the sanitary sewer system.

2.Adequate provisions shall be made to drain rainwater from low areas in

buildings and their premises.

3.The drainage pipe installation and sewerage system of any premises

and/or connection with any public disposal or any acceptable terminal
shall conform to the Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines.

Rule XII - General Design and Construction Requirements

4.2.3. SECTION 1207. Stairs, Exits, and Occupant Loads

1. General.
The construction of stairs and exits shall conform to the occupant load
requirements of buildings, reviewing stands, bleachers, and
grandstands.

b. Exit Requirements.
Exit requirements of a building or portion thereof used for different
purposes shall be determined by the occupant load which gives the
largest number of persons. No obstruction shall be placed in the
required width of an exit except projections permitted by the Code.
2. Exits
Every building or usable portion thereof shall have at least one (1)
exit. In all occupancies, floors above the first storey having an
occupant load of more than ten
(10) shall not have less than two (2) exits.

d. Distance to Exits.

No point in a building without a sprinkler system shall be more

than 45.00 meters from an exterior exit door, a horizontal exit, exit
passageway, or an enclosed stairway, measured along the line of
travel. In a building equipped with a complete automatic fire
extinguishing system, the distance from exits may be increased to
60.00 meters.

3. Doors.

c. Width and Height.

Every required exit doorway shall be of a size as to permit the
installation of a door not less than 900 millimeters in width and not
less than 2.00 meters in height. When installed in exit doorways,
exit doors shall be capable of opening at least 90 degrees and
shall be so mounted that the clear width of the exitway is not less
than 700 millimeters. In computing the required exit width the net
dimension of the exitway shall be used.
 5. Stairways.

a. Width. Stairways serving an occupant load of more than fifty

(50) shall not be less than 1.10 meters. Stairways serving an
occupant load of fifty (50) or less may be 900 millimeters
wide. Private stairways serving an occupant load of less than
ten (10) may be 750 millimeters. Trim and handrails shall not
reduce the required width by more than 100 millimeters.

b. Rise and run. The rise of every step in a stairway shall not
exceed 200
millimeters and the run shall not be less than 250 millimeters. The
maximum variations in the height of risers and the width of treads in
any one flight shall be 5 millimeters: Except, in case of private
stairways serving an occupant load of less than ten (10), the rise may
be 200 millimeters and the run may be 250 millimeters.

c. Landings. — Every landing shall have a dimension measured

in the direction
of travel equal to the width of the stairway. Such dimension need not
exceed 1.20 meters when the stairs has a straight run. Landings
when provided shall not be reduced in width by more than 100
millimeters by a door when fully open.

d. Ramps. — A ramp conforming to the provisions of this Code

may be used as
an exit. The width of ramps shall be as required for corridors.

P.D. 856 - SANITARY CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

4.2.4. SECTION 21. Toilet and Washing Facilities

(a) Adequate and clean toilet facilities for male and

female customers and personnel shall be provided in
properly located areas.

(b) Toilet rooms shall not open directly into spaces

where food is prepared, stored or served. Where
such toilets exist, the doors shall be tight fitting and
self-closing.

(c)Adequate hand-washing facilities shall be provided

within or adjacent to the toilet room.

(d) Facilities shall include hot and cold running water,

singleservice paper or cloth towel dispenser or
drying device and soap or detergent.
4.2. Building Systems
4.2.1. Environmental Systems

Skylight
-A roof opening coverd with translucent or transparent glass or plastic designed to
admit daylight. And forms all parts of the roof space of a building for daylighting
and ventilation purposes.

Rainwater harvesting
- Is The straightforward process or technology used to conserve rainwater by
collecting, and purifying rainwater that runs off from rooftops, parks,
roads, open grounds, etc. For later use. Nowadays, many people recycle
or use the water from the rain to clean the farmyard plants.

4.2.2. Structural Systems

WALL
- EPS Lightweight Concrete Panels, or polywall is a lightweight, non-
load bearing precast wall panel, composed of calcium silicate
cement board with a mixture of cement, expanded polystyrene
(EPS), and sand, bonded together using technical additives.
 It reduces the five steps used in
conventional frame construction into one
simple system providing structure,
insulation, vapor barriers, and firewalls.

ROOFING
- Long span roofs are generally defined as those that exceed 12 m
in span. Long span roofs can create flexible, column-free internal
spaces and can reduce substructure costs and construction times.
They are commonly found in a wide range of building types such
as factories, warehouses, agricultural buildings, hangars, large
shops, public halls, gymnasiums and arenas.

ECO-FRIENDLY LANDSCAPING
- Eco-friendly landscaping, which is also known as green or
sustainable landscaping, is a
- way of creating and maintaining land in order to save as much
energy as possible, while also being kind to the environment.

4.2.3. Utility systems

FUSES AND CIRCUIT BREAKERS

 The most common form of electrical
protection is the fuse or circuit breaker.
These are
devices that are designed to protect the electrical
system
from too much current. These devices,
when used properly, work well to protect
equipment and prevent electrical fires due
to overloads on the electrical system.
They do not, however, protect an
individual from electrical shock. Fifteen
amps, which is typically the smallest size
breaker found in a normal household, is
250 times greater than is required to
cause cardiac arrest in an individual.

Fuses and circuit breakers have a

numbered rating system which indicates
the maximum
amount of current that they will allow
through. The fuses and circuit breakers
are matched to the size of the electrical
wires used in the system. Thus, fuses
should always be replaced with a new
fuse of the same rating. A higher rated
fuse will not offer any protection if the
system was to draw too much electricity
and could result in an electrical fire or
damage to your equipment. A smaller
rated fuse will cause the circuit to blow the
fuse more frequently, leading to your
aggravation and the temptation to bypass
the system. If absolutely necessary, use a
smaller rated fuse for temporary power,
but never a larger one.

GROUNDING
- Another important safety feature is “grounding.” Grounding
occurs when a ground wire is connected from ground
potential to the frame of an electrical device. Grounding is
not necessary for a circuit to work; it is only there for the
protection of individuals from stray current.
In a normal circuit, electricity flows from the “hot” wire (which is
usually black) to the electrical device and back to ground
potential through the neutral wire (which is usually white or
gray). A ground wire (which is usually bare or green) is provided
so there can be an alternate path for the electricity to flow back
to ground potential if an electrical short occurs.

For example, if the wires inside an electrical device have

become worn or the insulation broken down such that the hot
wire makes contact with the case on the device, then the current
could possibly flow through the individual using the device back
to ground. If a ground wire is present, however, the current will
take the path of least resistance and flow through the ground
wire back to ground instead of flowing through the individual
causing an electrical shock.

GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTER

- Another protective device that can be used is called a
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter, commonly referred to as a
GFI or GFCI. This device is meant to protect human
beings from electrical shocks due to faulty electrical
equipment. A GFCI works by monitoring the current flow to
an electrical device and comparing it to the amount of
current flowing back. If there is a difference between these
two values, this means that some electricity is flowing
back to ground through a path other than the wire.

This is called a "ground fault" and when the GFCI detects this, it stops
current flow altogether in the circuit. Consider the previous example in
which the wires inside an electrical device have become worn or
damaged so that the hot wire contacts the casing.

If a person were to use the tool, then electricity could possibly flow
through the individual back to ground. When a GFCI detects this
situation, it stops current flow before harmful amounts of electricity flow
through the individual.

PLUMBING AND SANITARY

MANIFOLD SYSTEMS
- This plumbing system provides cold and holds water to all
the applications in the home. All the pipes from the
manifold and each application of Sanitary Ware, for
example, baths, washing machines, and sinks. The water
flows in continuous loops so that there are no fittings in the
system.
 DRAINAGE & SEWERAGE SYSTEMS
- A drain is a pipe that serves only one building, anything
from a house to an office block. All water and wastewater
is carried along this pipe into the sewer system.

- Sewers (or sewerage system) are an underground

network of pipes that hold sewage (which is normally
wastewater mixed with human waste), wastewater and
water run-off from drains and directly into waste treatment
plants or disposal points.

DUST SUPPRESSION
- Dust suppression refers to the process of controlling or
reducing the generation and
- spread of dust particles in various environments.

FOUNDATION

FRAME STRUCTURE AND WALL BEARING COMBINATION

- A framed structure is a structure having the combination of
structural components beam, column and slab – connected together to
resist the gravity and different lateral loads. Such building structures are
generally used to overcome the large forces, moments developing due
to the applied loads. It is also known as a beamcolumn structure.

Load bearing structure is the oldest and most common type of structure.
In this system, walls will bear the loads of roofs as well as lateral loads
due to earthquake, wind
etc.

4.2.4. Other Technical issues

4.2.5. LIGHTING SYSTEMS

NATURAL LIGHTING (DAY-LIGHTING)

 Natural lighting, also known as daylighting, is a technique that
efficiently brings natural light into your home using exterior
glazing (windows, skylights, etc.), thereby reducing artificial
lighting requirements and saving energy. Natural lighting has
been proven to increase health and comfort levels for building
occupants.

ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING (LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE OR LED LIGHTS)

- A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light

when current flows.
through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes,
releasing
energy in the form of photons.

CHAPTER 5: Architectural Design Development and Programming

5.1. Architectural Design Development

5.1.1. Site Planning and Site Programming

BUBBLE DIAGRAM MATRIX

DIAGRAM

Demand Analysis

Pililia’s population is projected at 68,413 in year 2017 based on its

annual population. growth rate of 2.74 percent recorded by the
Census of Housing and Population from 1995 to 2015. The twenty-
year period was used to compute the growth rate to obtain a more
reliable population trend. Using this as baseline, the population is
estimated to reach 87,258 by the end of the planning period, which is
year 2026. From 2017 to 2026, the town’s residents would increase
by 18,845 or an annual average growth of
2,094 persons. For the purpose of this CLUP which has a 9-year
timeframe (20172026), the projected 2026 population will be used for
estimating the demand for various future land uses.

Land Demand Estimation

The standards approach was adopted in estimating future land
demand. This approach is the most firmly established method for
setting levels of provision. Using the Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) standards, a fixed level of provision associated
with a given population base is used to estimate future demand for
land. The standards for estimating demand for key land use
categories are presented in the table below:

5.1.2. Building Space Program

For the proposed research facility, the design and planning shall abide to
the following regulations based on the National Building Code of the
Philippines:

5.1.3. Design Constraints

For the proposed research facility, the design and planning shall abide to
the following regulations based on the National Building Code of the
Philippines:

5.2. Design Features

5.2.1. Architectural Character
REGENERATIVE DESIGN
- Regenerative architecture demands a forward-thinking approach. In
contrast to sustainably
designed buildings, regenerative buildings are designed and operated to
reverse
ecological damage and have a net-positive impact on the natural
environment.
5.2.2. Innovation
- For the proposed research facility, the design and planning
shall abide to the following regulations
- based on the National Building Code of the Philippines:
FLOWER TURBINES
- A flower turbine converts wind energy into power for homes,
and businesses, or they can be clustered to form part of a
wind farm. In fact, lower Turbines has been awarded the
“Solar Impulse Efficient Solution” Label, a proof of high
standards in profitability and sustainability to protect the
environment.
 BRISE SOLEIL

- Brise soleil is a type of solar shading system that uses a

series of horizontal or vertical blades to control the amount of
sunlight and solar heat that enters a building. The name
'brise soleil' comes from the French word 'sun breaker'

LOW-EMISSIVITY GLASS

- Low-emissivity glass (low-e glass) is an energy-efficient

glass designed to prevent heat escaping through your
windows to the cold outdoors. Low-e glass has an invisible
coating which dramatically reduces heat transfer and reflects
interior heat back into your room.

5.2.3. Highlights
Ecolodges
- Eco lodges focus on using renewable energy sources to
provide power to their properties as well as using energy
efficient lighting and water preservation. They focus on
recycling and often reusing to positively impact the
environment.
5.2.4. Material Concept
For the proposed research facility, the design and planning shall abide to
the following regulations based on the National Building Code of the
Philippines:

WOODEN WALL PANEL

- Wood paneling is constructed from conventional solid wood,
modern engineered wood boards, or wood-like items
assembled in a huge sheet or single plank.

PERMEABLE PAVEMENT
- Permeable pavement, also known as pervious or porous
paving, is a type of hard
- surfacing that allows rainfall to percolate to an underlying
reservoir base where rainfall is either infiltrated to underlying
soils or removed by a subsurface drain.
- Permeable pavement can be used instead of standard
asphalt and concrete for surfacing
- sidewalks, driveways, parking areas, and many types of road
surfaces. Standard asphalt and concrete are considered to
be “impermeable.” Precipitation that falls on or drains to them
cannot flow through the surface to the soils below, but runs
to the lowest points to be drained away.
 BAMBOO

- Bamboo can be utilized as a building material for scaffolding,

bridges, houses, and buildings.

REINFORCED CONCRETE
- Reinforced concrete is a combination of traditional cement
concrete with reinforcements (steel bar).

5.3. Initial Design Translation