SOURCE:

PRESCRIPTION AND ADOPTION OF THE TERMS OF SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE SUBJECTS IN THE
LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR LIBRARIANS
http://filipinolibrarian.blogspot.com/2006/08/lle-2006-terms-of-specifications.html
POSTED BY VONJOBI AT 8/27/2006 11:56:00 PM

PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION BOARD FOR LIBRARIANS

TERMS OF SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE LIBRARIAN LICENSURE EXAMINATION

Library Organization and Management -With Laws, Related Practices, and Trends – 20%

Course description:

Introduction to administration, to the basic concepts and principles of management

and its application to the library organization, to the different types of libraries and to
major administrative concerns as well as legislations, related practices, and trends.
Objectives:
To understand and identify the principles, theories and techniques of organization and
management applicable to various types of libraries and information centers;
To identify and apply the various principles relevant to the management of libraries and
information centers;
To distinguish and appreciate the different types of libraries as to objectives functions,
collections, staffing and services;
To be familiar with the current trends, practices and legislations related to libraries and
information centers.
Course Outline:
Introduction to Administration/Management
Definition of terms
Administration
Management
Library Administration

Management Development
Scientific Approach
Scientific Management Movement
Classical Movement
System Movement
Human Relations Approach
Human Behavior Movement
Self Actualization Movement
System Approach
Decisions Theory Movement
General Systems Theory Movement
Psychological Movement

Principles of Administration / Management

Planning
Definition of Terms
Factors
Techniques
Levels of Objective
Policy and Decision Making

Organizing
Definition of terms
Scalar Principles of Hierarchy
Line and Staff
Unity of Command
Span of Control
Functional Authority
Organization Policies and Structure
Evaluation

Directing
Definition of terms
Recruitment and hiring
Supervision
Theories
Motivation, Coaching, and Communication
Employee Training

Controlling
Definition of terms
Techniques of Control
Evaluation: Performance Appraisals
Management Information Systems
Cost Benefit Analysis
Study Operations Research
Time and Motion
Budgetary Control/Budgeting Techniques
Types of Budget
Line-Item Budget
Formula Budget
Program Budgeting
Performance Budgeting
Planning Programming Budgeting System (PPBS)
Zero Based Budgeting (ZBB) System
Characteristics of Effective Control: Disciplining, Counseling,
Terminating

Management Styles
Leadership – the executive and other functions in administration
Role
Qualities and Traits

The Administration of the Library

Cultural and Social Influences
Relationship of the librarian with the organization
External/Internal Environment

Types of Library
Academic
Special
School
Public

Library Board/Committee
Definition
Composition and functions
Major Administrative Concerns

Personnel Management
Personnel Policies, Practices, and Problems
Position Classification
Supervision
Staff Training and Development
Performance Appraisal/Evaluation

Finance
Source of Support
Budgeting
Accountability

Library Services
Readers Services
Technical Services
Outreach Services
Reference Services

Physical Facilities
Library quarters
Equipment and furniture
Supplies
Material Resources
Types of Information Sources
Collection Management
Preservation and Conservation

Promotional Activities
Marketing strategies of Library and Information Centers
Newsletter and other publications
Bulletin Board Displays
Handbooks and Manuals
Web sites or web pages

Evaluation of library services

Surveys
Reports and records
Inventory

Laws, Related Practices, and Trends

Legislations Affecting Librarianship
Commonwealth and Republic Acts
Presidential Issuances – Executive Orders, Memo Circulars
Other Issuances – from the PRC, BFL, COA, CSC

Related Practices and Trends

Professional Association, National Book Week, Information Month
Interlibrary Cooperation, Networking, Consortia, Resource Sharing
Library Automation, Information and Communication Technology
Accreditation, Standardization
Knowledge Management
Library Instruction, Information Literacy Program
Globalization, Global Competitiveness
Re-engineering
Library Information Systems

Reference, Bibliography and User Services – 20%

Course description:
Evaluation and use of basic and general reference sources and materials in various
disciplines and for different users; discussion of the methods and techniques of the
reference process; types and functions of reference and information services; and the
application of computer-assisted search in reference service.
Objectives:
To differentiate types and functions of information sources and services in
libraries/information centers;
To identify reference sources in the Social Sciences, Humanities and Sciences;
To search and evaluate relevant information sources;
To determine the functions of bibliographic networks and their role in reference Service;
To adopt efficient and effective strategies for user education programs.
Course Outline:
Introduction
Nature and Development of Reference and Information Services
Definition of terms
Historical background
Beginnings of reference service
Pioneers of reference service

Functions of reference service

Supervision
Information
Instruction
Guidance
Bibliographic Control
Appraisal

The Reference Department

Organization structure
Functions
Philosophy of reference service
Reference collection policy
Evaluation
Personnel

Qualities and qualifications of a reference librarian

Duties and responsibilities
Relation of Reference Service to the Other Library Services
Administrative Department / Technical Services Department
Acquisitions
Cataloging
Bibliography and Indexing
Reprographic Service
Readers’ Services Department
Circulation/Loan Desk
Serials/Periodicals Section
Special Collections

Reference and Information Sources

Nature of Reference and Information Sources
Definition of terms
Types
Source types/fact finders
Locators/control-access-direction type
Timeliness of reference sources
Primary sources
Secondary sources
Tertiary sources

Selection and evaluation

Aids to selection
Criteria for evaluation
Authority
Scope
Treatment
Arrangement
Format
Special Features
Cost
Recency
Usefulness

General Reference and Information Sources

Definition, classification, evaluation, and use of the different types of reference sources
Dictionaries
Encyclopedias
Yearbooks and Almanacs
Handbooks and Manuals
Directories
Biographical Sources
Indexes and Abstracts
Bibliographies
Geographical Sources
Government Publications/Documents
Continuing Resources
Audio-visual materials
Microforms
Electronic Resources

Reference and Information Sources in the Various Subject Fields

Nature, scope, problems, and types of reference sources of the different subject fields
Librarianship
History and Auxiliary Fields
Humanities
Social Sciences
Pure and Applied Sciences
Filipiniana

Reference and Information Services

The Reference Process
Definition of terms
Classification of reference questions
Direction
Ready reference
Specific search
Research
Methods and techniques

Reference interview
Approaches in answering queries
By subject
By source
By purpose
By inquirer
Length of time spent on a question
Levels of reference service
Conservative/minimum
Moderate/middling
Liberal/maximum

Steps in literature searching

Developing basic library skills
Causes of unanswered questions
Reference Services in the Library

Direct
Inquiry answering service, personal assistance, etc.
Formal or informal instruction in the use of the library or information center and its
resources
Electronic conferencing, e-mail reference service

Indirect
Access to a wide range of information sources
Selection of reference materials
Reference admission
Interlibrary loans
Document delivery
Evaluation of the reference department/section: user survey, user needs

Miscellaneous tasks
Information Services
Types and functions
Current Awareness Service (CAS)
Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI)
Abstracting and indexing service
Technical inquiry service
Translation service
Reprographic service
Bibliographic service
Other services

Computer-Assisted Reference Service

Use of computers in reference service
Computer-assisted search
Online search
Search strategy
Types of computer searches
CD-ROM searches
Internet search
Computer-assisted search vs. manual search

Bibliographic Networks
Function of bibliographic networks
Use of networks in reference service
Major bibliographic networks
Online Computer Library Center (OCLC)
Research Libraries Information Network (RLIN)
Western Library Network (WLN)
University of Toronto Libraries Automated System (UTLAS)
Other emerging networks

Bibliographic networks in the Philippines

Selection and Acquisition of Multi-Media

Sources of Information – 15%

Course description
Concepts, theories and principles of collection development; processes, strategies,
criteria and roles in selection, acquisition, evaluation and disposition of information
sources; bibliographic selection tools and online data bases; publishing industry
Objectives:
To apply principles in the practice of selecting, acquiring and evaluating library
materials;
To recognize the importance of selection in collection development;
To identify standard selection tools and current reviewing media
To formulate selection, deselection/weeding and acquisition policies
Course Outline:
1. Introduction
The place of collection development
Definition of terms
Factors affecting collection development

Selection of multi-media information sources

General principles
Bases of selection

2.2.1 Statement of books selection

2.2.2 Standards of collection development
2.2.3 Selection and acquisition policies
2.3 The Librarian as selector
2.3.1 Responsibility for selection
2.4 Criteria for selection
2.4.1 Print materials
2.4.1.1 fiction
2.4.1.2 non-fiction (subject area)
2.4.1.3 editions and translations
2.4.1.4 continuing resources
2.4.1.5 pamphlets
2.4.1.6 microforms
2.4.2 Non-print materials
2.4.2.1 still pictures
2.4.2.2 moving pictures
2.4.2.3 dimensional object
2.4.2.4 audio-recordings
2.4.2.5 electronic resources

3. Acquisition Process
Methods of acquisition
purchase and subscription
gifts and exchanges
loans and deposits
cooperative acquisition

Ordering work flow

Procedures
Forms, records and files

Factors affecting acquisition work

Institutional policies
Legal regulations in general
Local regulations
Inventory, property accountability and reporting practices
Budget

Procedures in the distribution of library materials

4. Evaluation of collections
Approaches to collection evaluation
Deselection/Weeding
Criteria
Process

Formulation of collection development policies

Preservation and conservation of collections

Issues and trends in collection development in the Philippines

automation of the acquisition function
selection and evaluation of acquisition system
access vs. ownership
copyright / fair use
ethical issues in collection development
censorship
resource sharing

Cataloging and Classification – 20%

Course description:
Development of cataloging and classification systems; descriptive cataloging;
classification and subject analysis of books, continuing resources, non-prints and
electronic resources using standard cataloguing rules and classification tools; and
trends in cataloging.
Objectives:
To understand the basic concepts of cataloging and classification;
To apply the rules and principles of descriptive and subject cataloging and
classification for all types of library materials;
To use all the tools in cataloging and classification such as the Dewey Decimal
Classification, Library of Congress Classification, Sears List of Subject Headings, LC
Subject Headings, Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, and Cutters Table;
To use computerized cataloging system.
Course Outline:
Introduction
Importance of cataloging and classification
Historical development of catalogs and cataloging rules
Definition of terms
The Library catalog- types, parts and functions
The Cataloging department
Functions and organization
Relation to other library departments
Personnel
Records and files
Electronic tools related to job
Policies and procedures

Descriptive Cataloging
Basic concepts and principles of descriptive cataloging
ISBDs and AACR2
Description of all types of materials
Prescribed sources of information
Areas and elements of description
Levels of description
Punctuations
Rules on description
Access points
Personal authors
Corporate bodies
Geographic headings
Titles
Uniform titles

Name authority file

References

Subject Cataloging
Principles of subject cataloging
Forms of subject catalogs
Standard lists of subject headings
Sears List of Subject Headings
LC Subject Headings
Others, e.g. MeSH, SHE

3.4 Assigning subject headings

3.5 Subject authority file

4. Classification
Historical background
4.1.1 Overview of the different classification systems
4.2 Principles of classification
4.3 Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)
4.3.1 Historical background of DDC Scheme
4.3.2 General characteristics
4.3.3 Schedules and tables
4.3.4 Cutter table (Cutter-Sanborn table)
4.3.5 The DDC call number
4.4 Library of Congress Classification (LCC)
4.4.1 Historical background of LCC Scheme
4.4.2 General characteristics
4.4.3 Schedules and tables
4.4.4 Internal Cutter table
4.4.5 The LCC call number

5. Shelf-listing and filing catalog entries

Shelf listing
Rules in filing catalog entries

6. Other catalog files and records

7. Trends in cataloging
Computer assisted cataloging
MARC records
Online cataloging
Dublin Core
Metadata
Data mining
Conversion of records

Indexing and Abstracting – 15 %

Course description:
Principles, theories and development of abstracting and indexing, designing of thesauri,
preparation of book and periodical abstracts and indexes and trends in abstracting
and indexing.
Objectives:
1. To determine the principles and theories in the development of abstracts and
indexes;
2. To develop and construct a thesaurus;
3. To prepare book and periodical abstracts and indexes;
4. To identify various types of abstracts and indexes;
5. To apply the principles and theories of abstracting and indexing.
Course Outline:
1. Abstracting
Definition of terms
Development of abstracts and abstracting process
Abstracts and the various types of document surrogates
Uses of abstracts
Types of abstracts
Principles and concepts of abstracting
Parts of a abstract
Reference
Body
Signature

Citation formats in abstract

For monographs / books
For periodical articles

The abstracting process

1.10 Abstracting standards
1.11 Abstracting policies, procedures and guidelines
1.12 Production of abstracts

2. Indexing
Definition of terms
Development of indexes and indexing
Role of indexing in information retrieval
Information retrieval systems
Purposes and uses of indexes
Types of indexes
Book indexes
Newspaper indexes
Periodical indexes

Principles and concepts of indexing

2.7.1 Exhaustivity
2.7.1.1 Summarization
2.7.1.2 Depth indexing
2.7. 2 Specificity
2. 7.3 Consistency

Indexing languages
2.8.1 Purposes and uses
2.8.2 Features/characteristics
2.8.3 Types
2.8.3.1 Natural language
2.8.3.2 Controlled vocabulary
2.9 Indexing systems
2.9.1 Coordinate indexes
2.9.1.2 Pre-coordinate indexes
2.9.1.3 Post-coordinate indexes
2.9.2 Classified indexes
2.9.2.1 Enumerative indexes
2.9.2.2 Faceted indexes
2.9.3 Chain indexes
2.9.4 Permuted title indexes
2.9.4.1 KWIC
2.9.4.2 KWAC
2.9.4.3 KWOC
2.9.5 Citation indexes
2.9.6 String indexes
2.9.6.1 PRECIS
2.9.6.2 POPSI
2.9.6.3 NEPHIS
2.9.6.4 Other systems, e.g. CIFT
2.10 Measures of effectiveness of the indexing system
2.10.1 Recall
2.10.2 Precision
2.11 Subject indexing process
2.11.1 Recording bibliographic data
2.11.2 Subject or conceptual analysis
2.11.3 Translation into standard terms using controlled vocabulary
2.11.4 Generating index entries
2.12 The Thesaurus
2.12.1 Difference/similarities between thesauri and subject headings lists
2.12.2 Relationships of terms
2.12.3 Basic features of a thesaurus
2.12.4 Design/construction of a thesaurus
2.13 Indexing standards
2.14 Indexing policies, procedures and guidelines
2.15 Production of indexes

3. Application of Abstracting and Indexing Data

Primary publications
Abstracting and indexing services
Database products
Online searching
Current awareness services

4. Automatic Indexing
5. Trends in Abstracting and Indexing

Information Technology – 10 %

Course description
Computer applications to libraries, principles and technologies used in libraries and
information centers to store and retrieve information in print and other formats, basic
knowledge of information handling and processing, introduction to hardware, software
and communication components of information technology and its impact on the
current practice of the profession.
Objectives
To understand the principles and techniques of information handling through various
methods and techniques of organizing, storing, retrieving and disseminating
information;
To identify the various tools used in information processing;
To determine various components of information technology such as the technical
aspects of computer hardware and software and their applications in library work;
To determine the vital linkage of telecommunications and computing technologies in
accessing information;
To identify new information technologies and their impact on library operations
To identify and use software applications in word processing, presentation and data
processing.
Course Outline
Introduction
Nature and need for information
Functions and responsibilities of libraries and or information centers

Information storage and retrieval systems

User needs as basis for information retrieval
Principles
Search tools and engines
Searching techniques and strategies
Technologies for information handling 3.1 Overview of computers and computer
systems

Hardware
Software
Manpower component

Information systems and or databases

Regional and National Information Systems e.g. AGRIS, AIBA, NISST, etc
International library systems e.g. Follet, Maelisa, Athena, Geac, Millennium, Library
Solution, etc.
International information databases e.g. ACM IEEE, CINAHL, ACS, EconLit, PsycInfo,
Inspec, etc

Computer applications in library operations

Acquisitions
Cataloging
Circulation
Serials
Inventory
Reporting

Computer systems
history of computing
hardware
software – operating systems, programming languages
computer development and their effects on library and information work

Communication technologies
basics of telecommunications
developments in telecommunications
networks - LAN, WAN, MAN
Internet, WWW

Multimedia technologies
current developments
applications in libraries and information work

Issues in information technology

Information Age, Information society
New roles for information professionals
Emerging trends in IT
Digital resources
Safety and security controls
Licensing
Open Journal Access
Ethical issues in IT
Netiquette
IPR, copyright