///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// - For this project, use a power supply of at least 5V 2A. If you use a power
supply with good quality components, 1A current is enough. //
// - If possible use good quality cables for the power supply.
//
// - If when the ESP32 connects to the SSID or when the ESP32 makes an http request
to Google Sheets, //
// you see the LCD backlight flashing or dimming, it is because there is not
enough current. //
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>> 01_Test_RFID-RC522_Serial
// This code only takes the UID in string form.
// If you want to see more detailed information about an RFID card or keychain,
please run the program code "DumpInfo".
// The "DumpInfo" program code is located at :
// Library folder "MFRC522" -> "examples" folder -> "DumpInfo" folder ->
DumpInfo.ino
// or
// From Arduino IDE : File -> Examples -> MFRC522 -> DumpInfo
// or
// From Arduino IDE : File -> Examples -> INCOMPATIBLE-> MFRC522 -> DumpInfo

//----------------------------------------Including the libraries.

#include <SPI.h>
#include <MFRC522.h>
//----------------------------------------

// Defines SS/SDA PIN and Reset PIN for RFID-RC522.

#define SS_PIN 5
#define RST_PIN 4

// Variable to read data from RFID-RC522.

int readsuccess;
char str[32] = "";
String UID_Result = "";

// Create MFRC522 object as "mfrc522" and set SS/SDA PIN and Reset PIN.
MFRC522 mfrc522(SS_PIN, RST_PIN);

//
________________________________________________________________________________get
UID()
// Subroutine to obtain UID/ID when RFID card or RFID keychain is tapped to RFID-
RC522 module.
int getUID() {
if(!mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent()) {
return 0;
}
if(!mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial()) {
return 0;
}

byteArray_to_string(mfrc522.uid.uidByte, mfrc522.uid.size, str);

 UID_Result = str;

mfrc522.PICC_HaltA();
mfrc522.PCD_StopCrypto1();

return 1;
}
//________________________________________________________________________________

//
________________________________________________________________________________byt
eArray_to_string()
void byteArray_to_string(byte array[], unsigned int len, char buffer[]) {
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
byte nib1 = (array[i] >> 4) & 0x0F;
byte nib2 = (array[i] >> 0) & 0x0F;
buffer[i*2+0] = nib1 < 0xA ? '0' + nib1 : 'A' + nib1 - 0xA;
buffer[i*2+1] = nib2 < 0xA ? '0' + nib2 : 'A' + nib2 - 0xA;
}
buffer[len*2] = '\0';
}
//________________________________________________________________________________

//
________________________________________________________________________________VOI
D SETUP()
void setup(){
// put your setup code here, to run once:

Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println();
delay(1000);

// Init SPI bus.

SPI.begin();
// Init MFRC522.
mfrc522.PCD_Init();

delay(1000);

Serial.println();
Serial.println("Please tap your card or key chain to the RFID-RC522 module.");
}
//________________________________________________________________________________

//
________________________________________________________________________________VOI
D LOOP()
void loop(){
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

readsuccess = getUID();

if(readsuccess){
Serial.println();
Serial.print("UID : ");
Serial.println(UID_Result);
delay(500);
}
 delay(10);
}
//________________________________________________________________________________
//
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
<<<<<<

//
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>> 02_Test_RFID-RC522_LCD-20x4_Button
//----------------------------------------Including the libraries.
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <MFRC522.h>
//----------------------------------------

// Defines SS/SDA PIN and Reset PIN for RFID-RC522.

#define SS_PIN 5
#define RST_PIN 4

// Defines the button PIN.

#define BTN_PIN 15

// Variables for the number of columns and rows on the LCD.

int lcdColumns = 20;
int lcdRows = 4;

// Variable to read data from RFID-RC522.

int readsuccess;
char str[32] = "";
String UID_Result = "--------";

// Create LiquidCrystal_I2C object as "lcd" and set the LCD I2C address to 0x27 and
set the LCD configuration to 20x4.
// In general, the address of a 20x4 I2C LCD is "0x27".
// However, if the address "0x27" doesn't work, you can find out the address with
"i2c_scanner". Look here : https://playground.arduino.cc/Main/I2cScanner/
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, lcdColumns, lcdRows); // (lcd_address, lcd_Columns,
lcd_Rows)

// Create MFRC522 object as "mfrc522" and set SS/SDA PIN and Reset PIN.
MFRC522 mfrc522(SS_PIN, RST_PIN);

//
________________________________________________________________________________get
UID()
// Subroutine to obtain UID/ID when RFID card or RFID keychain is tapped to RFID-
RC522 module.
int getUID() {
if(!mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent()) {
return 0;
}
if(!mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial()) {
return 0;
 }

byteArray_to_string(mfrc522.uid.uidByte, mfrc522.uid.size, str);

UID_Result = str;

mfrc522.PICC_HaltA();
mfrc522.PCD_StopCrypto1();

return 1;
}
//________________________________________________________________________________

//
________________________________________________________________________________byt
eArray_to_string()
void byteArray_to_string(byte array[], unsigned int len, char buffer[]) {
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
byte nib1 = (array[i] >> 4) & 0x0F;
byte nib2 = (array[i] >> 0) & 0x0F;
buffer[i*2+0] = nib1 < 0xA ? '0' + nib1 : 'A' + nib1 - 0xA;
buffer[i*2+1] = nib2 < 0xA ? '0' + nib2 : 'A' + nib2 - 0xA;
}
buffer[len*2] = '\0';
}
//________________________________________________________________________________

//
________________________________________________________________________________VOI
D SETUP()
void setup(){
// put your setup code here, to run once:

pinMode(BTN_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);

// Initialize LCD.
lcd.init();
// turn on LCD backlight.
lcd.backlight();

// Init SPI bus.

SPI.begin();
// Init MFRC522.
mfrc522.PCD_Init();

delay(1000);

lcd.clear();
}
//________________________________________________________________________________

//
________________________________________________________________________________VOI
D LOOP()
void loop(){
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Please tap your card");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
 lcd.print("or keychain.");
lcd.setCursor(0,2);
lcd.print("UID : ");
lcd.print(UID_Result);
lcd.setCursor(0,3);
lcd.print("BTN State : ");
lcd.print(digitalRead(BTN_PIN));

readsuccess = getUID();

if(readsuccess){
lcd.setCursor(6, 2);
lcd.print(" ");
delay(500);
}
delay(10);
}
//________________________________________________________________________________
//
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
<<<<<<

//
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>> 03_ESP32_RFID_Google_Spreadsheet_Attendance
//----------------------------------------Including the libraries.
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <MFRC522.h>
#include "WiFi.h"
#include <HTTPClient.h>
//----------------------------------------

// Defines SS/SDA PIN and Reset PIN for RFID-RC522.

#define SS_PIN 5
#define RST_PIN 4

// Defines the button PIN.

#define BTN_PIN 15

//----------------------------------------SSID and PASSWORD of your WiFi network.

const char* ssid = "REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_SSID"; //--> Your wifi name
const char* password = "REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_PASSWORD"; //--> Your wifi password
//----------------------------------------

// Google script Web_App_URL.

String Web_App_URL = "REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_WEB_APP_URL";

String reg_Info = "";

String atc_Info = "";

String atc_Name = "";
String atc_Date = "";
String atc_Time_In = "";
String atc_Time_Out = "";

// Variables for the number of columns and rows on the LCD.

int lcdColumns = 20;
int lcdRows = 4;

// Variable to read data from RFID-RC522.

int readsuccess;
char str[32] = "";
String UID_Result = "--------";

String modes = "atc";

// Create LiquidCrystal_I2C object as "lcd" and set the LCD I2C address to 0x27 and
set the LCD configuration to 20x4.
// In general, the address of a 20x4 I2C LCD is "0x27".
// However, if the address "0x27" doesn't work, you can find out the address with
"i2c_scanner". Look here : https://playground.arduino.cc/Main/I2cScanner/
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, lcdColumns, lcdRows); // (lcd_address, lcd_Columns,
lcd_Rows)

// Create MFRC522 object as "mfrc522" and set SS/SDA PIN and Reset PIN.
MFRC522 mfrc522(SS_PIN, RST_PIN); //--> Create MFRC522 instance.

//
________________________________________________________________________________htt
p_Req()
// Subroutine for sending HTTP requests to Google Sheets.
void http_Req(String str_modes, String str_uid) {
if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
String http_req_url = "";

//----------------------------------------Create links to make HTTP requests to

Google Sheets.
if (str_modes == "atc") {
http_req_url = Web_App_URL + "?sts=atc";
http_req_url += "&uid=" + str_uid;
}
if (str_modes == "reg") {
http_req_url = Web_App_URL + "?sts=reg";
http_req_url += "&uid=" + str_uid;
}
//----------------------------------------

//----------------------------------------Sending HTTP requests to Google

Sheets.
Serial.println();
Serial.println("-------------");
Serial.println("Sending request to Google Sheets...");
Serial.print("URL : ");
Serial.println(http_req_url);

// Create an HTTPClient object as "http".

HTTPClient http;

// HTTP GET Request.

http.begin(http_req_url.c_str());
http.setFollowRedirects(HTTPC_STRICT_FOLLOW_REDIRECTS);
 // Gets the HTTP status code.
int httpCode = http.GET();
Serial.print("HTTP Status Code : ");
Serial.println(httpCode);

// Getting response from google sheet.

String payload;
if (httpCode > 0) {
payload = http.getString();
Serial.println("Payload : " + payload);
}

Serial.println("-------------");
http.end();
//----------------------------------------

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////
// Example :
//
// Sending an http request to fill in "Time In" attendance.
//
// User data :
//
// - Name : Adam
//
// - UID : A01
//
// So the payload received if the http request is successful and the parameters
are correct is as below : //
// OK,Adam,29/10/2023,08:30:00 ---> Status,Name,Date,Time_In
//
//
//
// So, if you want to retrieve "Status", then getValue(payload, ',', 0);
//
// String sts_Res = getValue(payload, ',', 0);
//
// So the value of sts_Res is "OK".
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////

String sts_Res = getValue(payload, ',', 0);

//----------------------------------------Conditions that are executed are

based on the payload response from Google Sheets (the payload response is set in
Google Apps Script).
if (sts_Res == "OK") {
//..................
if (str_modes == "atc") {
atc_Info = getValue(payload, ',', 1);

if (atc_Info == "TI_Successful") {
atc_Name = getValue(payload, ',', 2);
atc_Date = getValue(payload, ',', 3);
atc_Time_In = getValue(payload, ',', 4);

//::::::::::::::::::Create a position value for displaying "Name" on the

LCD so that it is centered.
int name_Lenght = atc_Name.length();
int pos = 0;
if (name_Lenght > 0 && name_Lenght <= lcdColumns) {
pos = map(name_Lenght, 1, lcdColumns, 0, (lcdColumns / 2) - 1);
pos = ((lcdColumns / 2) - 1) - pos;
} else if (name_Lenght > lcdColumns) {
atc_Name = atc_Name.substring(0, lcdColumns);
}
//::::::::::::::::::

lcd.clear();
delay(500);
lcd.setCursor(pos,0);
lcd.print(atc_Name);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Date : ");
lcd.print(atc_Date);
lcd.setCursor(0,2);
lcd.print("Time IN : ");
lcd.print(atc_Time_In);
lcd.setCursor(0,3);
lcd.print("Time Out: ");
delay(5000);
lcd.clear();
delay(500);
}

if (atc_Info == "TO_Successful") {
atc_Name = getValue(payload, ',', 2);
atc_Date = getValue(payload, ',', 3);
atc_Time_In = getValue(payload, ',', 4);
atc_Time_Out = getValue(payload, ',', 5);

//::::::::::::::::::Create a position value for displaying "Name" on the

LCD so that it is centered.
int name_Lenght = atc_Name.length();
int pos = 0;
if (name_Lenght > 0 && name_Lenght <= lcdColumns) {
pos = map(name_Lenght, 1, lcdColumns, 0, (lcdColumns / 2) - 1);
pos = ((lcdColumns / 2) - 1) - pos;
} else if (name_Lenght > lcdColumns) {
atc_Name = atc_Name.substring(0, lcdColumns);
}
//::::::::::::::::::

lcd.clear();
delay(500);
lcd.setCursor(pos,0);
lcd.print(atc_Name);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Date : ");
lcd.print(atc_Date);
lcd.setCursor(0,2);
lcd.print("Time IN : ");
lcd.print(atc_Time_In);
lcd.setCursor(0,3);
lcd.print("Time Out: ");
lcd.print(atc_Time_Out);
 delay(5000);
lcd.clear();
delay(500);
}

if (atc_Info == "atcInf01") {
lcd.clear();
delay(500);
lcd.setCursor(1,0);
lcd.print("You have completed");
lcd.setCursor(2,1);
lcd.print("your attendance");
lcd.setCursor(2,2);
lcd.print("record for today");
delay(5000);
lcd.clear();
delay(500);
}

if (atc_Info == "atcErr01") {
lcd.clear();
delay(500);
lcd.setCursor(6,0);
lcd.print("Error !");
lcd.setCursor(4,1);
lcd.print("Your card or");
lcd.setCursor(4,2);
lcd.print("key chain is");
lcd.setCursor(3,3);
lcd.print("not registered");
delay(5000);
lcd.clear();
delay(500);
}

atc_Info = "";
atc_Name = "";
atc_Date = "";
atc_Time_In = "";
atc_Time_Out = "";
}
//..................

//..................
if (str_modes == "reg") {
reg_Info = getValue(payload, ',', 1);

if (reg_Info == "R_Successful") {
lcd.clear();
delay(500);
lcd.setCursor(2,0);
lcd.print("The UID of your");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("card or keychain has");
lcd.setCursor(1,2);
lcd.print("been successfully");
lcd.setCursor(6,3);
lcd.print("uploaded");
delay(5000);
 lcd.clear();
delay(500);
}

if (reg_Info == "regErr01") {
lcd.clear();
delay(500);
lcd.setCursor(6,0);
lcd.print("Error !");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("The UID of your card");
lcd.setCursor(0,2);
lcd.print("or keychain has been");
lcd.setCursor(5,3);
lcd.print("registered");
delay(5000);
lcd.clear();
delay(500);
}

reg_Info = "";
}
//..................
}
//----------------------------------------
} else {
lcd.clear();
delay(500);
lcd.setCursor(6,0);
lcd.print("Error !");
lcd.setCursor(1,1);
lcd.print("WiFi disconnected");
delay(3000);
lcd.clear();
delay(500);
}
}
//________________________________________________________________________________

//
________________________________________________________________________________get
Value()
// String function to process the data (Split String).
// I got this from : https://www.electroniclinic.com/reyax-lora-based-multiple-
sensors-monitoring-using-arduino/
String getValue(String data, char separator, int index) {
int found = 0;
int strIndex[] = { 0, -1 };
int maxIndex = data.length() - 1;

for (int i = 0; i <= maxIndex && found <= index; i++) {

if (data.charAt(i) == separator || i == maxIndex) {
found++;
strIndex[0] = strIndex[1] + 1;
strIndex[1] = (i == maxIndex) ? i+1 : i;
}
}
return found > index ? data.substring(strIndex[0], strIndex[1]) : "";
}
//________________________________________________________________________________

//
________________________________________________________________________________get
UID()
// Subroutine to obtain UID/ID when RFID card or RFID keychain is tapped to RFID-
RC522 module.
int getUID() {
if(!mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent()) {
return 0;
}
if(!mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial()) {
return 0;
}

byteArray_to_string(mfrc522.uid.uidByte, mfrc522.uid.size, str);

UID_Result = str;

mfrc522.PICC_HaltA();
mfrc522.PCD_StopCrypto1();

return 1;
}
//________________________________________________________________________________

//
________________________________________________________________________________byt
eArray_to_string()
void byteArray_to_string(byte array[], unsigned int len, char buffer[]) {
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
byte nib1 = (array[i] >> 4) & 0x0F;
byte nib2 = (array[i] >> 0) & 0x0F;
buffer[i*2+0] = nib1 < 0xA ? '0' + nib1 : 'A' + nib1 - 0xA;
buffer[i*2+1] = nib2 < 0xA ? '0' + nib2 : 'A' + nib2 - 0xA;
}
buffer[len*2] = '\0';
}
//________________________________________________________________________________

//
________________________________________________________________________________VOI
D SETUP()
void setup(){
// put your setup code here, to run once:

Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println();
delay(1000);

pinMode(BTN_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);

// Initialize LCD.
lcd.init();
// turn on LCD backlight.
lcd.backlight();

lcd.clear();

delay(500);
 // Init SPI bus.
SPI.begin();
// Init MFRC522.
mfrc522.PCD_Init();

delay(500);

lcd.setCursor(5,0);
lcd.print("ESP32 RFID");
lcd.setCursor(3,1);
lcd.print("Google Sheets");
lcd.setCursor(1,2);
lcd.print("Attendance System");
lcd.setCursor(4,3);
lcd.print("by UTEH STR");
delay(3000);
lcd.clear();

//----------------------------------------Set Wifi to STA mode

Serial.println();
Serial.println("-------------");
Serial.println("WIFI mode : STA");
WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
Serial.println("-------------");
//----------------------------------------

//----------------------------------------Connect to Wi-Fi (STA).

Serial.println();
Serial.println("------------");
Serial.print("Connecting to ");
Serial.println(ssid);
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

//:::::::::::::::::: The process of connecting ESP32 with WiFi Hotspot / WiFi

Router.
// The process timeout of connecting ESP32 with WiFi Hotspot / WiFi Router is 20
seconds.
// If within 20 seconds the ESP32 has not been successfully connected to WiFi,
the ESP32 will restart.
// I made this condition because on my ESP32, there are times when it seems like
it can't connect to WiFi, so it needs to be restarted to be able to connect to
WiFi.

int connecting_process_timed_out = 20; //--> 20 = 20 seconds.

connecting_process_timed_out = connecting_process_timed_out * 2;
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
Serial.print(".");

lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Connecting to SSID");
delay(250);

lcd.clear();
delay(250);

if (connecting_process_timed_out > 0) connecting_process_timed_out--;

if (connecting_process_timed_out == 0) {
delay(1000);
 ESP.restart();
}
}

Serial.println();
Serial.println("WiFi connected");
Serial.println("------------");

lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("WiFi connected");
delay(2000);
//::::::::::::::::::
//----------------------------------------

lcd.clear();
delay(500);
}
//________________________________________________________________________________

//
________________________________________________________________________________VOI
D LOOP()
void loop(){
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

//----------------------------------------Switches modes when the button is

pressed.
// modes = "reg" means the mode for new user registration.
// modes = "atc" means the mode for filling in attendance (Time In and Time Out).

int BTN_State = digitalRead(BTN_PIN);

if (BTN_State == LOW) {
lcd.clear();

if (modes == "atc") {
modes = "reg";
} else if (modes == "reg") {
modes = "atc";
}

delay(500);
}
//----------------------------------------

// Detect if reading the UID from the card or keychain was successful.
readsuccess = getUID();

//----------------------------------------Conditions that are executed if modes

== "atc".
if (modes == "atc") {
lcd.setCursor(5,0);
lcd.print("ATTENDANCE");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("");
lcd.setCursor(0,2);
lcd.print("Please tap your card");
lcd.setCursor(4,3);
 lcd.print("or key chain");

if (readsuccess){
lcd.clear();
delay(500);
lcd.setCursor(4,0);
lcd.print("Getting UID");
lcd.setCursor(4,1);
lcd.print("Successfully");
lcd.setCursor(0,2);
lcd.print("");
lcd.setCursor(3,3);
lcd.print("Please wait...");
delay(1000);

http_Req(modes, UID_Result);
}
}
//----------------------------------------

//----------------------------------------Conditions that are executed if modes

== "reg".
if (modes == "reg") {
lcd.setCursor(4,0);
lcd.print("REGISTRATION");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("");
lcd.setCursor(0,2);
lcd.print("Please tap your card");
lcd.setCursor(4,3);
lcd.print("or key chain");

if (readsuccess){
lcd.clear();
delay(500);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Getting UID");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Successfully");
lcd.setCursor(0,2);
lcd.print("UID : ");
lcd.print(UID_Result);
lcd.setCursor(0,3);
lcd.print("Please wait...");
delay(1000);

http_Req(modes, UID_Result);
}
}
//----------------------------------------

delay(10);
}
//________________________________________________________________________________
//
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
<<<<<<