CE 620A

ASSIGNMENT # 1
Answers

q
keq g
1. Natural frequency: W with keq = 3E1 I1 /l13 + 48E2 I2 /l23
q
kt +k1 a2 +k2 l2
2. Natural frequency: ml2 /3

3. Equation of motion:

4M
ü + c1 u̇ + (k1 + 4k2 )u = 4k2 z
3

q
2 2 k1 +k2 a2 /b2
4. Effective mass: b m/a ; Natural frequency: m

p
5. Critical damping: 2 (m1 + m2 + I0 /r2 )(k1 + k2 (a + r)2 /r2 )

6. Equation of motion (with y as the downward displacement of M from

the equilibrium position):
² ³ ² ³
2ml 4K
M+ ÿ + k + 2 y = 0
3 l

7. Differential equation for the oscillation:

1 2 mgb2
ma θ̈ + θ=0
3 L

q
k
8. Natural frequency: m+I/R2 (= 25 rad/s)
 CE 620A
ASSIGNMENT # 2
Answers

1. Initial displacement: 5.4 mm; Initial velocity: 15.7 mm/s

2. Hysteresis damping constant: 0.0304; Equivalent viscous damping constant: 0.043 N-

s/m; Energy loss per cycle: 19.1 × 10−6 N-m

3. Steady-state displacement of the mass:

−c1 ωY
xss (t) = q sin (ωt − φ)
2 2
(k2 − mω 2 ) + (c1 + c2 ) ω 2

with ² ³
−1 (c1 + c2 ) ω
φ = tan
k2 − mω 2

4. Amplitude of vibration: 0.106 m; Most unfavourable speed: 246.66 km/hour

5. Amplitude of vibration: 0.4 mm; Force transmitted: 32.9 N

6. Stiffness of the isolation system: 3478 kN/m

7. Range of frequencies (in Hz): [0.649,0.692] and [2.5742,∞)

8. Vibration record: 1.125 × 10−7 cos(60πt − 0.0021) + 1.8 × 10−7 cos(120πt − 0.0042)
 CE 620A
ASSIGNMENT # 3
Answers

1. Stiffness: 457 kN/m; Equivalent viscous damping ratio: 0.07; Equivalent viscous
damping coefficient: 6393 N-s/m; Equivalent hysteretic damping factor: 0.14

2. Natural frequency: 9.343 rad/s; Damping ratio: 0.0115

3. Maximum relative displacement: 3.236 units

p °p ±
4. Time elapsed: m/k tan−1 mgs/k/(s − mg/4k)

5. Lateral deformation (original): 0.922 m; Base shear (original): 55.35 kN; Lateral
deformation (revised): 0.868 m; Base shear (revised): 104.4 kN

7. Figure 7:
k −kt/c k
h(t) = e ; H(ω) =
c k + iωc
Figure 8:
3L
l −1
² ³
1 3L 3 1
h(t) = − 1 e−3EIt/cl ; H(ω) = 3EI
2c l 2 l3 + ciω
 CE 620A
ASSIGNMENT # 4
Answers

p p
1. Natural frequencies: 0.724 k/mL and 1.570 k/mL; For elastic uncoupled system,
choose translation and rotation at k2 L/(k1 + k2 ) distance from the left spring.

2. Flexibility matrix:  
19 8 13
1 
8 16 8 
48k
13 8 19

3. Stiffness and mass matrices:

   
4 −2 0 4 −1 0
12EI  m
[k] = −2 3 0; [m] = −1 4 0
L3 6
0 0 3 0 0 6

4. Stiffness matrix:
´ µ ´ µ
27.1 −32.7 53.3 −53.3
(a) MN/m; (b) MN/m
−32.7 56.6 −53.3 75.8

Natural frequencies: (a) 11.39 and 38.61 rad/s; (b) 14.47 and 48.85 rad/s

5. (a) Remaining [m]-orthogonal eigenvector: { 1.0 -0.7510273 0.2408955 }T

(b) Natural frequencies: 0.477, 2.0 and 2.962 rad/s

6. Damping Matrix (as calculated by using the [m]-orthogonal eigenvectors of Problem

No. 5):
   
0.2346 −0.0974 −0.0284 0.2280 −0.1005 −0.0300
(a) −0.0974
 0.3920 −0.2030  ; (b) −0.1005
 0.3915 −0.2093 
−0.0284 −0.2030 0.3405 −0.0300 −0.2093 0.3605
 CE 620A
ASSIGNMENT # 5
Answers

1. Displaced shape: { 7.54 2.43 0.13 }T mm

2. Maximum dynamic displacements (starting from the corner column, in anticlockwise

direction): 0.22, 0.08, 0.23 and 0.31 mm

3. Stiffness matrix:  
92 −88 −6
3EI 
[k] = −88 128 24 
28l3
−6 24 15
q q q
EI EI EI
Natural frequencies: 0.89159 ml 3 , 1.99133 ml3 , and 4.69312 ml3

Modal matrix:  
1.0 1.0 1.0
[Φ] =  1.08168 0.50557 −1.26238 
−1.7679 1.74993 −0.41348
q
EI
Rayleigh’s method (considering the static deflected shape): 1.164 ml3

q
EI
Dunkerley’s equation: 0.80178 ml3

q q q
k k k
4. Rayleigh’s quotient: (i) 0.8589 m; (ii) 1.0024 m; and (iii) 0.8882 m

q
k
Rayleigh’s method: 0.8589 m

q
k
Dunkerley’s equation: 0.7385 m
 CE 620A
ASSIGNMENT # 6
Answers

1.
ωl ωP
tan =
c c (mω 2 − k)

2. n πx o
φk (x) = cos (k − 1) ; k = 1, 2, . . .
l

3. Frequency equation:
A1 E1 A2 E2
ωl
+ =M
ωc1 tan c1 ωc2 tan ωl
c2

4. Orthogonality condition with respect to the mass distribution:

Z L
mφr (x)φs (x)dx = 0
0

Orthogonality condition with respect to the stiffness distribution:

Z L
β 0
φ00r (x)φ00s (x)dx = − {φ (0)φ0s (0) + φ0r (L)φ0s (L)}
0 L r
Z L
Mr = mφ2r (x)dx
0

βEI h 0 i Z L
2 0 2 2
Kr = (φr (0)) + (φr (L)) + EI (φ00r (x)) dx
L 0

5. Midspan displacement: Mode I—0.9855, Mode II—0, Mode III—0.0122

Midspan moment: Mode I—0.8106, Mode II—0, Mode III—0.09

6. Lateral deflection:
∞ ° arπ ± ° rπx ±
X 2
v(x, t) = sin sin sin ωr t
r=1
m̄Lωr L L

7. Upper bound estimate of base shear:

∞
16amL X 1
2
= 2amL
π r=1
(2r − 1)2

Upper bound estimate of tip deflection:

∞
32amL2 X 1
kπ 3 (2r − 1)3
r=1
 CE 620A
ASSIGNMENT # 7
Answers

q q
1.871 E 4.711 E
1. Natural frequencies: l ρ, l ρ

p p
2. Natural frequencies: 1.4387 k/ml, 4.2431 k/ml; Mode shapes: x/l + 0.4705 sin(πx/l), x/l −
0.8727 sin(πx/l)
p
3. Period of vibration: 5.719 m̄L4 /EI; Fraction of the total column weight: 0.486

4. Equations of motion:
4λ
6 − 3λ 8 − 8λ
 
4−
   
1/5 1/6 1/7 º » 3 2 5
º » 1
q̈ 1 EI 3λ q1
m̄L  1/6 1/7 1/8  + 3 6−

2 12 − 9λ5 18 − 2λ  = p(t) 1
q̈2 L 8λ 144 16λ q2
1/7 1/8 1/9 8− 18 − 2λ 5 − 7
1
 
5

with λ = N L2 /EI

5. Equations of motion (for large-amplitude displacements):

m1 L2 m1 L
q̈1 + 2m2 q2 q̇2 q̇1 + m2 q22 q̈1 + m2 gq2 sin q1 + g sin q1 = 0
3 2
and
m2 q̈2 − m2 q2 q̇12 + k2 (q2 − a) − m2 g cos q1 = 0
Linearized equations of motion (for small-amplitude displacements):

m1 L2
² ³ ² ³
2 m1 L
+ m2 b q̈1 + m2 b + gq1 = 0
3 2

and
m2 q̈2 + k2 q2 = k2 b
where a is the unstretched length of the spring and b = a + m2 g/k2 .

6. Equation of motion:
∂2η ∂2 ∂2η ∂2η
² ³
m̄ 2 + EI 2 + N 2 − p(x, t) = 0
∂t ∂x2 ∂x ∂x
Boundary conditions at x = L:
MB (t) = EIη 00 (x, t)
∂ ∂η
(EIη 00 (x, t)) + N (x, t) = 0
∂x ∂x

7. Equation of motion:
∂2η ∂2 ∂2η
² ³
ρA 2
+ EI 2 = 0
∂t ∂x2 ∂x
Boundary conditions at x = 2L:

∂2η ∂2η mL ∂ 2 ∂η
² ³ ² ³
∂
EI 2 (x, t) = m 2 (x, t) + (x, t)
∂x ∂x ∂t 2 ∂t2 ∂x

∂2η mL2 ∂ 3 η mL ∂ 2 η
EI (x, t) + (x, t) + (x, t) = 0
∂x2 3 ∂x∂t2 2 ∂t2