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Presentation 4440 1497864745

This document provides guidelines for configuring and debugging RouterOS. It discusses the available management tools, securing the device, basic firewall configuration, bandwidth control using queues, and troubleshooting tools. Debugging is aided by logging, packet sniffing, profiling and graphing tools.

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MBK Communications
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35 views61 pages

Presentation 4440 1497864745

This document provides guidelines for configuring and debugging RouterOS. It discusses the available management tools, securing the device, basic firewall configuration, bandwidth control using queues, and troubleshooting tools. Debugging is aided by logging, packet sniffing, profiling and graphing tools.

Uploaded by

MBK Communications
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic guidelines on RouterOS

configuration and debugging

Монгол Улс, Улаанбаатар


June 2017
RouterOS is the same
everywhere
Management Tools
RouterOS Management tools
• CLI (Command Line Interface)
https://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:Console

• WebFig,
https://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:Webfig

• TikApp,
https://forum.mikrotik.com/viewtopic.php?t=98407

• Winbox,
https://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:Winbox
The fastest configuration
QuickSet
QuickSet

• Easy to use

• Contains the most commonly used features and


should be enough for basic usage

• “If you use QuickSet, then use QuickSet!”


Security
Simple Security

• Specify user password


/user set admin
password=***
• Use different username
/user set admin name=serg
Simple Security

• Specify password for


wireless access

/interface wireless security-


profiles set default=
authentication-types=wpa2-
psk mode=dynamic-keys
wpa2-pre-shared-
key=********
Security

• Disable unused interfaces

/interface ethernet disable


ether3,ether5,sfp1
Security

• Disable unused packages


(mainly IPv6)

/system package disable


hotspot, ipv6, mpls, ppp,
routing
Security

• Disable IP/Services

/ip service disable api,api-


ssl,ftp,www-ssl
Security
• Adjust MAC access

/tool mac-server set [ find


default=yes ] disabled=yes

/tool mac-server add


interface=bridge

/tool mac-server mac-winbox set


[ find default=yes ] disabled=yes

/tool mac-server mac-winbox


add interface=bridge
Security

• Hide device in Neighbor


Discovery

/ip neighbor discovery set


ether1 discover=no
Security

• Disable serial port if not used


(and if included)

/system console disable [find


where port=serial0]

• Disable LCD

/lcd set enabled=no


/lcd set touch-screen=disabled
Security
• Place router in secure location

• Protect reset button,

/system routerboard settings set protected-


routerboot=enabled reformat-hold-button=30s
https://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/
Manual:RouterBOARD_settings#Protected_bootloader
Firewall
Firewall
• Two most popular approaches

• Drop untrusted and allow remaining (default accept)

• Allow trusted and drop remaining (default drop)

/ip firewall filter add chain=forward action=accept src-


address=192.168.88.2 out-interface=ether1
/ip firewall filter add chain=forward action=drop src-
address=192.168.88.0/24 out-interface=ether1
Firewall
• Secure input (traffic to a router)

/ip firewall filter


add chain=input action=accept protocol=icmp
add chain=input action=accept connection-
state=established,related
add chain=input action=drop in-interface=ether1
Firewall
Firewall
• Secure forward (customers traffic through a router)

/ip firewall filter


add chain=forward action=accept connection-
state=established,related
add chain=forward action=drop connection-state=invalid
add chain=forward action=drop connection-state=new
connection-nat-state=!dstnat in-interface=ether1
Firewall
Firewall
• NAT to outside (if you can, use src-nat instead of
masquerade)

/ip firewall nat add chain=srcnat out-


interface=ether1 action=masquerade

• https://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:IP/Firewall/
NAT#Masquerade
Firewall
https://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:Packet_Flow_v6
Firewall
• NAT to LAN
/ip firewall nat add chain=dstnat in-interface=ether1
protocol=tcp dst-port=22 action=dst-nat dst-
address=172.16.1.243 to-address=192.168.88.23

• Note: In order to make port forwarding work you have to:


configure dst-nat
configure src-nat

• Accept traffic in forward chain (example in previous slides)


Firewall
Firewall

• Block specific traffic

/ip firewall address-list add list=blocked


address=www.facebook.com
/ip firewall filter add chain=forward action=drop
dst-address-list=blocked out-interface=ether1
Firewall
Firewall
• Protect device against attacks if you allow particular access

/ip firewall filter


add chain=input protocol=tcp dst-port=23 src-address-list=ssh_blacklist action=drop

add chain=input protocol=tcp dst-port=23 connection-state=new src-address-list=ssh_stage2


action=add-src-to-address-list address-list=ssh_blacklist address-list-timeout=10d

add chain=input protocol=tcp dst-port=23 connection-state=new src-address-list=ssh_stage1


action=add-src-to-address-list address-list=ssh_stage2 address-list-timeout=1m

add chain=input protocol=tcp dst-port=23 connection-state=new action=add-src-to-address-


list address-list=ssh_stage1 address-list-timeout=1m
Firewall
Bandwidth Control
FastTrack
• Remember this rule?
/ip firewall filter
add chain=forward action=accept connection-
state=established,related

• Add FastTrack rule before previous one


/ip firewall filter
add chain=forward action=fasttrack-connection
connection-state=established,related
FastTrack
Queues
• Add queues to limit traffic for specific resources

/queue simple add name=private


target=192.168.88.243 max-limit=5M/5M
Queues
• Add queues to limit traffic equally (PCQ)
/queue simple add target-addresses=192.168.88.0/24 queue=pcq-upload-default/
pcq-download-default

• Few advices about queues


https://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/
Tips_and_Tricks_for_Beginners_and_Experienced_Users_of_RouterOS#Queues
Debugging tools
Logs
• Use logging for firewall
/ip firewall filter set [find where src-address-list=ssh_blacklist]
log=yes log-prefix=BLACKLISTED:

• Use logging for debug topics


/system logging add topics=l2pt,debug action=memory

• Logging to disk or remote server


/system logging action set disk disk-file-name=l2tp_logs disk-file-
count=5 disk-lines-per-file=1000
/system logging action set remote remote=192.168.88.3
Logs
Debugging Tools
• Torch

• Analyse processed traffic

• https://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/
Manual:Troubleshooting_tools#Torch_.
28.2Ftool_torch.29
Debugging Tools
• Torch

• Analyse processed traffic

• https://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/
Manual:Troubleshooting_tools#Torch_.
28.2Ftool_torch.29
Debugging Tools
Debugging Tools
• Sniffer

• Analyse processed packets


https://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/
Manual:Troubleshooting_tools#Packet_Sniffer_.28.2Ftool_sniffer.29
Debugging Tools
• Profiler

• Find out current CPU usage


https://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:Tools/Profiler
Debugging Tools

• Graphing

• Find out information about Interfaces/Queues/


Resources per interval:
https://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:Tools/
Graphing
Debugging Tools

• The Dude

• Powerful network monitor tool:


https://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:The_Dude
Keep everything up-to-date
Upgrade Device
• Current
Latest full release (tested on many different scenarios
for a long time) with all fully implemented features

• Bugfix
Latest full release (tested on many different scenarios
for a long time and admitted as trustworthy) with all
safe fixes
Upgrade Device
When software stops working?
Troubleshoot issue
• Backup RouterBOOT
1) Power device off, press and hold reset button
2) Power device on and after 1-2 seconds release button

• Netinstall
1) Test Netinstall
https://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:Netinstall
2) Try to re-install any other router

• Reset device

• https://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:Reset
Troubleshoot issue
• Serial port
1) Shows all available information (also booting)
2) Will work if problem is related to Layer2/Layer3
connectivity and/or interfaces themselves

• Exchange device

• Choose more powerful device (or multiple devices)


I can not figure it out by myself
Configuration issue
• Consultants/Distributors:
https://mikrotik.com/consultants
https://mikrotik.com/buy

• Ask for help in forum:


https://forum.mikrotik.com/

• Look for an answer in manual


https://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Main_Page
Hardware Troubleshooting
Hardware Troubleshooting
• Replace involved accessoriesPower adapter

• PoE

• Cables

• Interfaces (SFP modules, wireless cards, etc.)

• Power source
MikroTik Support
Software Issues
• Configuration is not working properly
Logs and supout file;
https://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:Support_Output_File

• Out of memory
1) Upgrade device (mandatory)
2) Reboot device and generate supout file (normal situation)
3) When RAM is almost full generate another supout file
(problematic situation)
Software Issues
• Device freezes

1) Upgrade device (mandatory)


2) Connect serial console and monitor device
3) Generate supout file (problematic situation)
4) Copy serial output to text file

• Any other kind of issue (for example reboot)

1) Upgrade device (mandatory)


2) Reproduce problem or wait for it to appear
3) Generate supout file (problematic situation)
Support
• Briefly explain your problem

• Send all files (mentioned in previous slides depending on


problem)

• Make notes and document results (even if problem persists)

• Make new files after configuration changes

• Reply within same ticket and provide new information

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