LEADERS PRIVATE SCHOOL, SHARJAH

(Study Materials)
Chapter:5 (Mineral and Energy Resources)
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN ONE WORD OR ONE SENTENCE.
Q1. Name four iron ore producing states of India.
Q2. For which purpose bauxite or aluminium is mainly used?
Q3. Name four coal producing states of India.
Q4. What is Neyveli famous for? Name the state it is in?
Q5. In which field is Kolar gold field located?
Q6. Name the river known for largest deposits of ‘Black Gold’ in India.
Q7. Name the raw material used for cement industry?
Q8.Which is the highest quality hard coal?
Q9. Khetri mines are famous for which minerals?
Q10. Which salt is formed due to evaporation?

Q1. What is the difference between hydroelectricity and thermal electricity?

A. HYDRO ELECTRICITY—it is generated by fast flowing water, and is a renewable
resource, where as THERMAL ELECTRICITY is generated from coal, petroleum and
naturalgas which are non renewable resources.
b)India has number of multipurpose projects to gernerate electricity as Bhakra nangal,
Damodar valley, the Kopili hydle project etc., and for thermal power we have 310
thermal power plants in India.
c)Hydle power is pollution free where as thermal power leaves lot of smoke.

Q2. What do you know about nuclear / atomic power?

A. It is obtained by altering the structure of atoms, when such alteration is made energy
is released in the form of heat and it is used to generate electricity.
Uranium and Thorium (found in Rajasthan & Aravalli hills) are used to generate this
power.
Monazite sands of Kerela are also rich in thorium.

Q3. List six Nuclear Power stations in India

1. RawaBhata- Rajasthan
2. Kakrapara- Gujrat
3. Tarapur- Maharashtra
4. Kaiga- Karnataka
5. Kalpakkam- Tamilnadu
6. Naraura.- Uttar Pradesh

Q4. Why do we need non-conventional sources of energy?

A. The growing consumption of energy has made the country dependent on fossil fuels,
which will not last long.
b) Rising prices of oil and gas has created uncertainties regarding supply of energy in
the future, which in turn also has repercussions on the economy.
c)Fossil fuels are causing serious pollution problems.
d) India is blessed with an abundance of sunlight, water, wind and biomass—from which
energy can be generated.

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Q5. Why do you think that solar energy has bright future in India?
A. India is a tropical country and thus receives enormous sunlight.
b) Solar energy is more developed in western India as it receives unperturbed sun light
and has clear skies.
c) Solar energy is fast becoming popular in remote and rural areas as it is cheaper & is
pollution free.
d)It is expected that solar energy will be able to minimize the dependence of rural
household on fire wood and dung cakes, which in turn will contribute to environmental
conservation and adequate supply of manure in agriculture.

Q6. Where is the largest solar power plant located in India?

A. Madhapur, near Bhuj in Rajasthan.

Q7. What do you know about wind power resources in India?

A. India now ranks as a “wind super power” in the world.
--The wind farm cluster is located in Tamil Nadu from NAGARCOIL toMADURAI.
--There are also wind farms in Karnataka, Gujrat, Kerela, Maharashtra, Lakshadweep.
--NAGARCOIL & JAISALMER are effective wind farms in the country.

Q8. How is biogas produced?

A. Shrubs, farm waste, animal and human waste are used to produce biogas for
domestic consumption in the rural areas. Decomposition of the organic material yields
gas which has higher thermal efficiency and is known as biogas.

Q9. How is biogas useful to us? OR

Biogas is the most efficient use of cattle dung. Comment.
A. Biogas has higher thermal efficiency in comparison to the kerosene, dung cake, and
charcoal.
b) It is pollution free.
c) There is not much cost factor involved in its generation.
d) The plants using cattledung are called ‘GOBAR GAS PLANTS’ in rural India.
These are providing twin benefits to the farmers—in the form of energy and improved
quality of manure ( as it improves the quality of manure and prevents the loss of trees)

Q10. How can we generate tidal energy?

Oceanic tides can be used to generate tidal energy. During high tide water flows into the
inlet and gets trapped when the gate is closed. After the tide falls the water retained by
the floodgate flows back to the sea via a pipe that carries it through a power generating
pipe.

Q11. Tidal power generation—

In India Gulf of Kuchchh provides ideal conditionds for utilizing tidal energy.
A 900 mw tidal energy plant is setup by the National power Corporation.

Q12. What is Geothermal energy?

A. It is the heat and electricity produced by using the heat from the interior of the earth.
It exists because the Earth grows progressively hotter with the increasing depth.
Where the geothermal gradient is high, high temperatures are found , groundwater in
such areas absorbs heat from the rocks and becomes hot and gets converted into
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steam when it rise to the earth surface. This steam is used to drive turbines and
generate electricity.

Q13. Geo thermal power generation..

A. Two experimental projects are have been set up in India to harness this power.
1. located in Parvati valley near Manikaran in Himachel Pradesh.
2. In Puga valley in Ladakh.

Q.14 What is the importance of coal?

A In India coal is abundantly available fossil fuel.
(b) It provides substantial energy needs of the nation.
© It is used for power generation to supply energy to industry and domestic needs.
(d) India is highly dependent on coal for its commercial energy requirements.
(e) It is used as fossil fuel.

Q15. How is coal formed?

A .It is formed due to the compression of plant material over millions of years. It’s
different forms depend on the degrees of compression and the depth and time of burial.

Q16. Write about different types of coal

(1) Peat – formed by decaying plants in swamps
--it has low carbon content and high moisture contents.
--It has low heating capacity.
(2) Lignite – is low grade brown coal
--is soft with high moisture content.
--Reserves – in Neyveli in Tamil Nadu.
--It is used for generation of electricity
(3) Bituminous – it is most popular coal in commercial use
--is high grade coal with special value for smelting iron in blast furnaces.
(4) Anthracite – is the highest quality hard coal.

Q17. Coal occurs in rock series of two main geological ages in India, name
them.
A. Two main geological ages are Gondwana – over 200 million years in age. Major
resources of this coal which are metallurgical coal are located in the Damodar valley
(West Bengal,Jjharkhand)
Jharia, Rani ganj, Bokaro.
The Godavari, Mahanadi, son and Wardha valleys have also coal deposites.
Asssam , ArunachalPradesh and Naga land.

Q18. Why are heavy industries and thermal power stations located on or
near the coal fields?
A.Because coal is bulky material which loses weight on use as it is reduced to ash.

Q19. What are the uses of petroleum ?

A. it is the energy source.
(b) it provide fuel for the heat and lightning.
© lubricants for machinery.
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(d) raw materials for manufacturing industry.
(e) petroleum refineries act as nodal industry for synthetic textile, fertilizer and chemical
industries .

Q20. Where do we find petroleum ?

A. Petroleum occurrences in India are associated with anticlines and fault traps in the
rock formations of tertiary age .
(b) In the regions of folding , anti clines it occurs where oil is trapped in the crest of up
fold.
(c) It is also find in fault traps between porous and non porous rock.

Q21. Write about the distribution of petroleum production in India.

A. (1) 63% of production is from mumbai high.
(2) 18% from Gujrat – Ankeleshwar oil field
(3)16% from Assam – Digboi, Naharkatiya and Moran- Hugrijan oil fields.

Q22. Why is natural gas called ‘ fuel for the present century’?
A. Natural gas is an clean energy resource.
b)It is used as a source of energy & as an raw material in the petrochemical industry.
c)It is considered an environment friendly fuel because of low carbon dioxide emissions.
d) Power and fertilizers are the key users of natural gas.
e)Compressed natural gas for veheciles to replace liquid fuels is gaining wide
popularity.

Q23. What do you know about the natural gas reserves in India?
A. Large reserves of natural gas have been discovered in the Krishna- Godavari basin.
b) Gulf of Cambay.
c) Andaman & Nicobar islands.d) Hazira-Vijaypur-Jagdishpur cross country pipeline
Mumbai High and Bassien with the fertilizer, power and industrial complexes in western
and northern India.

Q24.Write properties of mica?

It is a mineral made of thin series of plates or leaves and can easily split into thin
sheets.
b) it can be clear ,black, green, red yellow, or brown.
c) due to its di electric strength, low power loss factor, insulating properties and
resistence to high voltage mica is used as an indispensable mineral in the electric and
electronic industries.

Q25. Where are mica deposits are found?

A. They occur in the northern edge of the Chotanagpur plateau.
b)Jharkhand-- Koderma Gaya-Hazaribagh belt—the leading producer.
c) In Rajasthan- in Ajmer.
d)Andhra Preaesh-in Nellore belt.

Q26.where will we find limestone?

A. In association with rocks composed of calcium carbonates or calcium and calcium
and magnesium carbonates.
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It is found in sedimentary rocks of most geological formations.
Q4.What are uses of limestone?
Lime stone is the basic raw material for the cement industry and essential for smelting
iron ore in the blast furnace.

Q27.What are the hazards posed by mining?

The impact of mining on the environment and the health of miners is very dangerous.
a)The dust and the noxious fumes inhaled by the miners make them vulnerable to
pulmonary diseases.
b) Risk of collapse of mine roofs,
c) Inundation and fires in coal mines are a constant threat to the miners.
d) Water sources in the region get contaminated due to mining.
e) Dumping of wastes lead to degradation of land, soil, and air.
f)Industrial effluents also degrade the streams and rivers.

Q28.Why do we need to conserve minerals?

We need to conserve minerals because of the following reasons:
a)There is strong dependence of industry and agriculture upon mineral deposits &
substances manufactured by them.
b)Minerals require millions of years to be created and concentrated ---the formation
process is
slow in comparison to the rapid consumption.
c)Minerals are finite and non-renewable.
d)Continued extraction of ores leads to increasing costs as minerals are found in
greater depth.

Q29.What efforts are being made to conserve minerals?

Concerted efforts are to be made in order to use our minerals resources in planned and
sustained manner.
b)Improved technologies need to be constantly evolved to allow use of low grade ores
at low cost.
c)Recycling of metals, using scrape metal, and other substitutes are the important steps
in
conservation of minerals resources for the future.

Q30.What are energy resources and why do we need them?

Energy is capacity to do work, energy resources are those resources which produce
energy.
Energy is required for all activities.
a) It is needed to cook, to provide light and heat.
b) To propel vehicles, and to drive machinery in industries.

Q31. Why conservation of energy resources is required?

Energy is the basic requirement for economic development.
b)Every sector—agriculture, industry, transport, commercial or domestic needs input of
energy.
c)Various development plans require increasing amount of energy to remain
operational.

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d)Consumption of energy has been constantly rising.
Thus there is an urgent need to develop sustainable path of energy development.

Q32. List measures for conservation of energy?

A.-- Adopt a cautious approach for the judicious use of limited resources.
-- Concerened citizens should use public transport system,
--switch off electricity when not in use,
--use power saving devices and non-conventional sources of energy.

Q33. Write about the utility of manganese?

A. Manganese is used in the manufacturing of steel and ferrous-manganese alloy.
It is also used in manufacturing of bleaching powder, insecticides, and paints.

Q34. Which state is the largest producer of manganese ores in India.

A. Orissa, it accounts for one-third of the total production in India.

Q35.What are non-ferrous minerals? Why are they important?

A. Minerals which do not contain iron are called non-ferrous minerals. We do not have
satisfactory reserves of these minerals but they play vital role in number of
metallurgical, engineering and electrical industries. Some of such minerals are copper,
bauxite, zinc, lead and gold.

Q36. Write properties of copper. Also write its utility.

A. It is malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat and electricity.
Utility—It is mainly used in electrical cables, electronics and chemical industries.

Q37. List the regions where copper is found.

A. a)The Balaghat mines in MP produce 52% of India’s copper.
b)The Singhbhum district of Jharkhand
c)The Khetri mines in Rajasthan.

Q38.Write a note on Bauxite.

A. Though several ores contain aluminium, it is from Bauxite that Alumina and
Aluminium is obtained.
B. Bauxite deposits are found in the rocks rich in aluminium silicates.
C. Properties of aluminium: It is extremely light, combines the strength of metals, has
good conductivity and great malleability.

Q39. Where do we find Bauxite deposits in India?

A. a) Deposits---mainly in Amarkantak pleatue, Maikal hills and pleatue regions of
Bilaspur-Katni.
b) Orissa is the largest Bauxite producing state in India-45% of total production.
c) Panchpatmali deposits in Koraput district are important reserves.

Q40. What do you mean by non metallic minerals? Give some examples.
A. Minerals which do not contain metals or do not have metallic properties are called
non metallic minerals. For example..mica, limestone, salt, potash, sulphur, granite,
marble, sandstone, etc.

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Q41.What is rat hole mining?
A.Coal mining done by family members in a form of long narrow tunnel is known as rat
hole mining. It is done in Jowai and Cherapunjee.

Q42.What is the difference between open pit mine and quarry?

A.Open pit mine is a large hole in the ground containing minerals, where as the quarry
is an area or earth surface that has been dug up to obtain minerals.

Q43.How are the minerals distributed in India?

A. Minerals are very unevenly distributed in India. These variations exist because of the
differences in the geological structure, processes and time involved in the formation of
minerals.
a)Peninsular rocks contains reserves of coal, metallic minerals, mica, and many other
non-metallic minerals.
b)Sedimentary rocks on the eastern and western flanks of peninsula—in Gujrat and
Assam have petroleum deposits.
c)Rajasthan with the rock systems of peninsula has the deposits ofmany non-ferrous
minerals.
d)Alluvial plains of north are devoid of minerals.

Q44.What factors are essential for the effective economic viability of a

reserve?
A. Concentration of mineral the ore, the ease of extraction, and closeness to the market
are the factors.

Q45.What is the importance of ferrous minerals?

A. Ferrous minerals account for three -fourth of total value of production of metallic
minerals.
b) They provide strong base for the development of metallurgical industries.
c) India exports substantial quantity of ferrous minerals after meeting internal demands.

Q46.Iron ore is the basic mineral and backbone of the industrial

development. Give reasons to prove the statement
A. Iron ore is of great utility to us as., all machines and machine parts are made of iron.
b) It is used to make bridges, buildings
c) it provides raw material to many industries
d) is also useful in making alloys.

Q47. Difference between hematite and magnetite.

Magnetite is the finest ore with 70% of iron content where as Hematite has lower iron
content-50-60%.
b)Magnetite has excellent megnatic qualities and is important for electrical industry,
whereas Hematite is important in terms of quantity.

Q48.What is a mineral?
Ans. Mineral is a homogenous, naturally occurring substances with a definable internal
structure.

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Q49.Name a rock which consist of single mineral.
A. Limestone.

Q50.Write the factors on which formation of minerals depend?

Physical and chemical conditions.

Q51.What is the difference between a geographer and a geologist?

A.1.Geographer is the one who studies geography i.e.., the study of physical features of
the earth and of human activity, where as a geologist is the one who studies geology
that deals with the physical structure and substances of the earth.
2.Goegraphers study minerals as a part of the earth’s crust for better understanding of
the landforms, distribution of resources and associated economic activities, where as
the geologists are interested in the formation of the minerals ,their age & physical
&chemical composition.

Q52.How are minerals found?

a.Minerals are found in the form of ores—an accumulation of any mineral mixed with
other elements.

Q53. In which forms do the minerals occur?

A. Minerals occur in various forms as..
1. a)In Igneous and Metamorphic rocks: here they occur in cracks, crevices(narrow
openings), faults or joints.
b) smaller occurrences are called veins and the larger-lodes.
c) formed from the solidification of lava.
d) Examples —tin, zinc, lead, copper.
2.In Sedimentary rocks:
a) in beds or layers.
b) formed as result of deposition, accumulation and concentration in horizontal strata.
c) Examples--Coal and some forms of iron ore and gypsum, potash salt and sodium
salt. (these are formed as a result of evaporation especially in arid regions)
3. a)This formation involves decomposition of surface rocks and removal of soluble
constituents, leaving a residual mass of weathered material containing ores.
b) Bauxite is one such example.
4 .a) some occur in alluvial deposits in sand and valley floors and base of hills—Placer
deposits.
b) contains minerals which are not eroded by water.
c) Gold, silver, platinum.
5.In the ocean waters and in its beds.
a) Examples-- Common salt, magnesium and bromine in ocean water, Manganese
nodules in the bed.

Geography N.A.Ansari LPS