EE6 – Electrical Apparatus and Devices 6

Engr. Justin Dale J. Gabutin

PER UNIT IMPEDANCE OF TRANSFORMER FROM SHORT VOLATGE REGULATION

CIRCUIT TEST

1. A short circuit test was performed upon a 10 kVA, 2300/230 V 3. A 7.2-kVA, 1.2-kV/120-v, single-phase transformer has an
transformer with the following results: 137 V; 192 W; 4.34 A. impedance of (0.018 + j0.022) Ω referred to the secondary side.
Find the per unit impedance of the transformer. Find the voltage regulation at rated load, 0.8 pf lagging.

TEST YOURSELF: TEST YOURSELF:

1. The following short-circuit test results were obtained on a 5. A 500-kVA, 12-kV/2.4-kV, single-phase transformer has an
50 kVA, 2400/120 V single phase transformer: 810 W, 20.8 A, 92 impedance of (0.1098 + j0.516) Ω referred to the secondary side.
V. Find the per unit impedance of the transformer. Find the voltage regulation at rated load, unity pf.
A. 0.0384 C. 0.0267 A. 1.05% C. 1.36%
B. 0.0128 D. 0.0413 B. 1.18% D. 1.24%

2. A 5-kVA, 2400/240 V transformer when given a short circuit test 6. A 50-kVA, 2.4-kV/240-V single phase transformer has an
had 94.2 V been applied to the HV side to produce rated current impedance referred to the low side of (0.0138 + j0.056) Ω.
in both windings. Find the per unit impedance. Find the voltage regulation at rated load, 240 V, 0.8 pf lagging.
A. 0.0386 C. 0.0392 A. 3.13% B. 3.53%
B. 0.0415 D. 0.0435 C. 3.67% D. 3.92%

PER UNIT IMPEDANCE WITH NEW POWER BASE AND VOLTAGE VOLTAGE REGULATION USING PER UNIT RESISTANCE AND
BASE PER UNIT REACTANCE

2. A transformer has a per unit impedance of 0.05 based on 4. A transformer has a percentage resistance of 2% and
15 MVA and 69 kV. Find the new per unit impedance if the percentage reactance of 4%. Find its voltage regulation at a pf of
system study required a 100 MVA base and 67 kV base. 0.8 leading.

TEST YOURSELF:
3. If the impedance value of an 11 kV, 25 MVA transformer is TEST YOURSELF:
0.3 pu, then find the per unit impedance value of a 22 kV, 50
7. A transformer has 4% resistance drop and 6% reactance drop.
MVA transformer.
Find the voltage regulation at full load 0.8 pf lagging.
A. 0.1 pu C. 0.075 pu
A. 5.38% C. 4.08%
B. 0.3 pu D. 0.15 pu
B. 6.82% D. 3.89%
4. The reactance of a transformer is 0.25 pu based on a rating of
8. A transformer has a per unit resistance of 0.01 and a per unit
18 kV, 500 MVA. Find the new per unit reactance based on
reactance of 0.04. Find its voltage regulation at 0.8 pf leading.
20 kV, 100 MVA.
A. -3.23% B. -2.24%
A. 0.0405 pu C. 0.0398 pu
C. -1.53% D. -4.49%
B. 0.0367 pu D. 0.0427 pu
5. The part of a transformer which is subjected to maximum heating 12. Two single-phase transformers A and B with equal turns have
is the _____. impedances of (0.5 + j3) Ω and (0.6 + j10) Ω with respect to the
A. frame C. core secondary. If they operate in parallel, find the kW share of A if
B. oil D. winding they share a total load of 100 kW at 0.8 lagging.

6. The most common method of cooling a power transformer is by

cooling.
A. hydrogen C. air-blast
B. oil D. natural air

7. A conservator in a transformer is used

A. to protect the transformer against internal faults
B. to act as an oil storage
C. for better cooling of transformers
D. to take up the expansion of oil due to temperature rise

8. In a power transformer, the breather is provided in order to

A. filter transformer oil
B. prevent entrance of moisture with air
C. provide oxygen to the cooling oil
D. provide fresh air for increasing cooling effect

9. The chemical used in the breather of a power transformer is _.

A. asbestos fiber C. silica gel
B. silica sand D. sodium chloride

10. In a power transformer, a Buchholz relay is used for protection of

the transformer against_
A. internal faults C. overloading
B. stroke from lightning D. phase reversals
13. Two single-phase transformers A and B with equal turns have
11. Two transformers when operating in paralle! will share the load
impedances of (0.5 + j3) Ω and (0.6 + j10) Ω with respect to the
depending upon their_.
secondary. If they operate in parallel, find the kW share of A if
A. ratings C. leakage reactance
they share a total load of 100 kW at 0.8 lagging.
B. per unit impedance D. efficiency

PARALLEL OPERATION OF TRANSFORMERS

TEST YOURSELF:

9. Two transformers rated 75-kVA and 100-kVA are operated in

parallel. The impedances of each transformer referred to the
secondary side are (0.5 + j4) Ω and (0.8 + j6) Ω. Find the kW
delivered by the 100-kVA transformer, if the total load served is
120 kVA, 0.8 pf lagging.
A. 34.71 kW C. 38.52 kW
B. 41.29 kW D. 45.28 KV

10. Two transformers having 8% reactance each are connected in

parallel. One is rated 25 MVA and the other at 15 MVA. For a
given 30 MVA load with a lagging pf of 0.8, find the MVA load
carried-by-the 15 MVA transformer.
A. 11.25 MVA C. 9.5 MVA
B. 8.75 MVA D. 10.45 MVA