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Solution - ESE Fall 2020

The document describes a structure with two rigid platforms connected by a rigid link and supported by two steel columns. It provides tasks to determine the natural frequency and period of the structure, as well as the maximum displacements and stresses when subjected to step and earthquake forces. Another problem involves determining the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a rigid slab supported by columns and attached to hanging masses. Key calculations and solutions are provided.

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50 views16 pages

Solution - ESE Fall 2020

The document describes a structure with two rigid platforms connected by a rigid link and supported by two steel columns. It provides tasks to determine the natural frequency and period of the structure, as well as the maximum displacements and stresses when subjected to step and earthquake forces. Another problem involves determining the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a rigid slab supported by columns and attached to hanging masses. Key calculations and solutions are provided.

Uploaded by

ma.shahe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Question 1: The structure shown in Figure 1 consists of two rigid platforms, two supporting

steel columns and one rigid link. The platform on the left hand side (No. 1) is supported by the
two columns, while the other platform (No. 2) is set on two rollers. With the rigid link between
them, the two platforms always have equal lateral displacements.
The two columns have identical cross sectional properties. They are hollow square sections of
0.24 m × 0.24 m with the wall thickness of 12 mm. Other important structural details and key
dimensions of the structure are given in Figure 1.

The Young’s modulus of elasticity (E) of steel is 2 × 1011 N/m2.

Note that the column masses are very small when compared with the platform masses, so the
effects of column masses can be neglected.

Task 1: Determine the natural frequency and natural period of this structure. [10 Marks]

Now, suppose that the platform structure is subjected to a lateral step force 𝐹(𝑡). The force
time history is shown in Figure 2. The structure initially has no displacement or motion before
the application of this force.

Task 2: Find the maximum lateral displacement of the platforms. [05 Marks]

Task 3: Compute the maximum stress in the column A. [05 Marks]

Task 4: Compute the maximum stress in the column B. [05 Marks]

Task 5: Compute the maximum force in the rigid link between the two platforms. [05 Marks]
F(t)

0.25 m

2.8
m

Figure 1: The structure in Question 1.

Notes:

The damping of the structure is very low so its effects can be neglected.

The response (𝑢(𝑡)) to a lateral step force 𝐹(𝑡) is given by;

𝐹𝑜
𝑢(𝑡) = (1 − cos 𝜔𝑛 𝑡)
𝑘

Where

𝐹𝑜 is the peak force amplitude, 𝑘 is the lateral stiffness of the structure, and 𝜔𝑛 is the natural frequency of the structure.
Figure 2: The applied loading (lateral step force) in Question 1.
Solution:
Question 2 [15 Marks]:

Suppose that the same structure of Question 1 is now subjected to an earthquake. The elastic
response spectrum (for 𝜉 = 0, 2, 5, 10, and 20%) of the earthquake is shown in the Figure 3.

Figure 3: The response spectrum of the earthquake event mentioned in Question 2.

Task 1: Calculate the maximum lateral displacement and velocity of the platforms under this
earthquake. [10 Marks]

Task 2: Suppose you have to design this structure under this earthquake. You are only allowed
to perform the static analysis to determine seismic demands of columns for design purpose.
Calculate the equivalent static force which should be used for static seismic analysis of this
structure (under the given design earthquake having the spectra presented in Figure 2). [05
Marks]
Solution:

Task 1: The time period of the platform structure is, T = 0.427 sec. The maximum displacement
and velocity corresponding to this time period from the spectra (for 0% damping) are around 3
in. (0.0762 m) and 40 in/sec, respectively.

Task 2: The time total stiffness of this platform structure is, 𝑘 = 2.599 × 106 𝑁/𝑚. Therefore,
the equivalent static force will be as follows.
𝐹𝑒𝑞 = 𝑘 𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (2.599 × 106 )(0.0762) = 2 × 105 𝑁.

Question 3 [25 Marks]:


Consider the 3-story building in Figure 4. The building's mass and stiffness properties are given
in Figure 4. The modal damping ratio of each and every mode is approximately 0.03.

The building is subjected to two


harmonic forces 𝐹𝐴 (𝑡) and 𝐹𝐵 (𝑡).

The force 𝐹𝐴 (𝑡) is acting at the


top story and is given by 𝐹𝐴 (𝑡) =
𝐹𝑜 sin(2𝜋𝑓 ̅𝑡)

The force 𝐹𝐵 (𝑡) is acting at the


first story and is given by
𝐹𝐵 (𝑡) = −0.5 𝐹𝑜 sin(2𝜋𝑓 ̅𝑡)

Where 𝐹𝑜 = 1.2 × 105 𝑁, and


𝑓 ̅ = 5.0 𝐻𝑧.

Assuming that the building


response has already reached
the steady-state condition; Figure 4: The structure in Question 2.

Task 1: Find the maximum Task 2: Find the maximum story shear in this steady-
lateral deflection at the top story state condition. [10 Marks]
in this steady-state condition.
[15 Marks]
Solution:
Question 4 [30 Marks]:

The structure shown in Figure 5 is a rigid slab of 30,000 kg supported by two steel columns.
There is a vertical column extended from the underside of the slab. The lower end of this
column is connected to a mass of 10,000 kg. There is another vertical column extended from
the upper-side of the slab. The upper end of this column is connected to a mass of 7,000 kg.

All these columns have identical cross sectional properties. They are hollow circular sections
with outside diameter of 0.30 m and wall thickness of 12 mm. Other important structural details
and dimensions are presented in Figure 5.

Figure 5: The structure in Question 3.

Task 1: Determine the natural frequencies of the structure and their corresponding vibration
mode shapes, and sketch them. [20 Marks]

Task 2: When the structure is vibrating in its lowest frequency mode, which column has the
highest stress? [05 Marks]
Task 3: When the structure is vibrating in its highest frequency mode, which column has the
highest stress? [05 Marks]

Notes:

The governing equations of motion of this structure are already formulated using the energy
approach (not covered in this course). The calculations for this process are reproduced here
for your information. You can directly use this information to start your answer for Tasks 1 to 3.
Solution:
The End

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