The University of Zambia

Department of Mathematics and Statistics

2022/23 Academic Year Examination

MAT 1120 - Introductory Mathematics, Statistics and

Probability

Duration : 3 hours October 30, 2023

INSTRUCTIONS:

• There are seven (7) questions in this paper.

• All seven questions carry equal marks.
• Answer any five (5) questions.
• Show all necessary working to earn full marks.
• Calculators are not allowed in this exam.
• This paper consists of four (4) printed pages.

1. (a) i. Use set notation to describe the shaded region in the Venn diagram shown [2]
below.
U
A B

ii. Given that A = (−∞, −2] ∪ (5, ∞) and B = [−3, 6) are subsets of the set of [2]
real numbers, find B − A
(b) i. Given that x and y are real numbers, solve for x and y in the equation [4]
1 1
+ =1
x + yi 1 + 3i
ii. Express √ [3]
7+1
√
7−1
√
in the form a + b 7, where a and b are rational numbers.

1
MAT 1120 EXAM Page 2

(c) i. Find the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of [5]

(1 + x)2
(1 − x)−3
ii. Find the term independent of x in the expansion of [4]
 12
2 1
2x −
x

Total marks : 20

2. (a) The equation p(x) = −2x2 + 280x − 1000, where x represents the number of items
sold, describes the profit function for a certain business.
i. By completing the square, express p(x) in the form p(x) = a(x + p)2 + q, where [3]
a, p and q are constants.
ii. Find the number of items that should be sold to maximize the profit. [2]
iii. Find the maximum profit of the business. [2]
(b) i. Find the range of values of k such that the equation [4]
√
kx2 + 4 3x + k = 1

will have complex roots.

ii. The roots of equation 2x2 − 4x + 5 = 0 are α and β. Find the value of α2 + β 2 . [2]
(c) i. Use the definition of the derivative (from first principles) to show that the [3]
derivative of the function f (x) = x2 is f ′ (x) = 2x.
ii. Find the area of the shaded region shown in the diagram below. [4]
y
4

3 y = 4 − x2
2

x
1 2 3

Total marks : 20

3. (a) i. Using the fact that x2 − 3 is a factor of x4 + 2x3 − 2x2 − 6x − 3, find all the real [4]
solutions of the equation

x4 + 2x3 − 2x2 − 6x − 3 = 0
MAT 1120 EXAM Page 3

ii. For what value(s) of k does the function f (x) = x3 + 6x2 + kx − 4 give the same [3]
remainder when divided by x − 1 and x + 2.
(b) i. Given that 2x3 − x2 − 7x − 5 = (Ax + B)(x − 1)(x + 2) + C for all values of x, [3]
find the values of A, B and C
ii. Factorise completely the polynomial x3 − 3x2 − 4x + 12 [3]
(c) Consider the function f (x) = (x + 1)(x − 2)2 .
i. Identity the critical points of the function [2]
ii. Determine the nature of the critical points. [2]
iii. Sketch the graph of the function clearly indicating the x and y intercepts and [3]
relative maxima and relative minima.

Total marks : 20
12
4. (a) i. Find the real values of x such that x+2 > . [5]
x+3
−2
ii. Solve the equation = x. [3]
1−x
1
(b) Let f (x) = be a function.
1 − x2
i. Sketch the graph of f . [3]

ii. Find lim f (x) [1]

x→1+
(c) i. Express [5]
1
(x − 1)2 (x + 1)
as a sum of its partial fractions
ii. Using your answer in i, or otherwise, evaluate the indefinite integral [3]
Z
1
dx
(x − 1)2 (x + 1)

Total marks : 20

5. (a) i. Find the domain of the function [2]

1
f (x) = √
1−x
ii. Find the set of real values of x for which [6]
1−x
≤1
1+x
√
(b) Let f (x) = x − 1 − 1 be a function
i. Sketch the graph of f [3]
MAT 1120 EXAM Page 4

ii. Find the range of f [1]

(c) i. Determine whether or not the function [3]

1 − |x| x < 1
f (x) =
x−1 x≥1
is continuous at x = 1.
√
ii. Find an equation of the tangent line to the curve y = x that crosses the x-axis [5]
at x = −1.
Total marks : 20
√
6. (a) i. Find the value of ln ( e) . [1]
ii. Find the real value (s) of x such that 2 − log2 (x − 3) = 1 [2]
f (x) = e−3x − 4 for x ∈ R and g(x) = ln x+11


(b) Let for x > −1.
i. State the range of f [2]
ii. Find f −1 [3]
iii. Express f ◦ g as a polynomial in x. [4]
(c) i. Show that the function [4]
f (x) = x − ln x, for x > 0
is increasing on the interval (1, ∞).
ii. Evaluate the indefinite integral [4]
Z
xex dx

Total marks : 20
5π


7. (a) i. Find the exact value of cos 3 [1]
ii. Solve the trigonometric equation [3]
2 (tan x + 3) = 5 + tan x
given that x ∈ [0, 2π).
(b) i. Given the function [5]
 π
f (x) = 1 + 3 sin x +
2
State the period, the amplitude and the phase shift of the given function and
sketch its graph
ii. Prove that for any angle θ, (sin θ + cos θ)2 = 1 + sin (2θ) . [3]

dy
(c) i. Given that y = cos1 x + tan x, show that dx 1
= 1−sin x
. [5]
ii. Evaluate the definite integral [3]
Z π
cos2 (x) sin (x) dx
0

Total marks : 20
——— End of Examination ———
MAT 1120 EXAM Page 5

Question 1
1. (a) i.
(A ∪ B) − (A ∩ B) ✓✓
ii.
B − A = (−2, 5]✓✓
(b) i.
1 1
=⇒ + =1
x + yi 1 + 3i
1 1
=⇒ =1− ✓
x + yi 1 + 3i
1 3i
=⇒ =
x + yi 1 + 3i
1 1 + 3i − 1
=⇒ = ✓
x + yi 1 + 3i
1 3i
=⇒ =
x + yi 1 + 3i
1 3i × −i 3
=⇒ = ✓
x + yi (1 + 3i) × −i 3
1 1
=⇒ =
x + yi 1 − 13 i

Therefore, x = 1 and y = − 31 . ✓
ii.
√ √ √
7+1 7+1 7+1
√ =√ ×√ ✓
7−1 7−1 7+1
√
7+2 7+1
= ✓
7√−1
8+2 7
=
6
1√ 4
= 7+ ✓
3 3
(c) i.
(1 + x)2 = 1 + 2x + x2 ✓

(1 − x)3 = 1 − 3x + 3x2 − x3 ✓✓
(1+x)2
Therefore, the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of (1−x)3
is

(1 × 3) + (−3 × 2) + (1 × 1) = −2✓✓
MAT 1120 EXAM Page 6

9
ii. Each term of x2 + x2 is of the form
   r    
9 2 9−r

2 9 18−2r −r r 9 2 18−3r
x ✓= x x 2 = r x ✓
r x r r
If a term is independent of x, then 18 − 3r = 0, implying that r = 6✓.
Therefore,
 
9 6 9×8×7
term independent of x = 2 = × 64 = 5376✓
6 3×2×1
MAT 1120 EXAM Page 7

Question 2
2. (a) i.
p(x) = −2x2 + 280x − 1000
p(x) = −2 x2 − 140x − 1000

p(x) = −2 x2 − 140x + (−70)2 − (−70)2 − 5✓

p(x) = −2 (x − 70)2 + 9800 − 1000✓

p(x) = −2 (x − 70)2 + 8800✓

ii. The number of items that should be sold to maximise the profit is 70 items.✓✓
iii. The maximum profit is 8800.✓✓
(b) i.
√ √
kx2 + 4 3x + k = 1 =⇒ kx2 + 4 3x + k − 1 = 0

Discriminant = 48 − 4(k)(k − 1)
= −4(k 2 − k − 12)
= −4(k − 4)(k + 3)✓

Solution = (−∞, −3) ∪ (4, ∞)✓✓✓

ii.
b (−4) c 5
α+β =− =− = 2 and αβ = = ✓
a 2 a 2
5
α2 + β 2 = 2αβ = 22 − 2 = 4 − 5 = −1✓
2
(c) i.
f (x + h) − f (x)
f ′ (x) = lim
h→0 h
(x + h)2 − x2
= lim ✓
h→0 h
x2 + 2xh + h2 − x2
= lim
h→0 h
2xh + h2
= lim ✓
h→0 h
= lim 2x + h
h→0
= 2x✓
MAT 1120 EXAM Page 8

ii.
Z 2
Area = 4 − x2 dx✓
0
2
x3

= 4x − ✓
3 0
8
= 4(2) −
3
16
= ✓
3
MAT 1120 EXAM Page 9

Question 3

3. (a) i.
x2 + 2x + 1
x2 − 3 ) x4 + 2x3 − 2x2 − 6x −3
x4 − 3x2
2x2 + x2 − 6x −3
2x2 − 6x
x2 − 3
x2 − 3
0 ✓✓

x4 + 2x3 − 2x2 − 6x − 3 = (x2 − 3)(x2 + 2x + 1)

= (x2 − 3)(x + 1)2 ✓

√ √
x = − 3, x= 3 or x = 1.✓

ii.
f (1) = f (−2)✓

1 + 6 + k − 4 = −8 + 24 − 2k − 4✓
3k = 9
k = 3✓

(b) i.

2x3 − x2 − 7x − 5 = (Ax + B)(x − 1)(x + 2) + C

=⇒ Ax3 + Ax2 − 2Ax + Bx2 + Bx − 2B + C
=⇒ Ax3 + (A + B)x2 + (−2A + B)x − 2B + C✓

A=2
A + B = −1 =⇒ B = −3
− 2B + C = −5 =⇒ C = −11✓✓

ii.
23 − 3(22 ) − 4(2) + 12 = 0
Therefore, x − 2 is a factor of x3 − 3x2 − 4x + 12.
MAT 1120 EXAM Page 10

x2 − x − 6
x − 2 ) x3 − 3x2 − 4x + 12
x3 − 2x2
−x2 − 4x − 12
−x2 + 2x
−6x + 12
−6x − 12
0 ✓✓

x3 − 3x2 − 4x + 12 = (x − 2)(x2 − x − 6) = (x − 2)(x + 2)(x − 3)✓

(c) i.

f ′ (x) = (x − 2)2 + 2(x + 1)(x − 2)✓

f ′ (x) = 3x(x − 2)✓

The critical values are x = 0 and x = 2.

ii. We use the first derivative test
0 2
x−2 − − +
3x − + +
3x(x − 2) + − +
✓
x = 0 is a local maximum while x = 2 is a local minimum. ✓
iii. The graph of y = (x + 1)(x − 2)2 .
MAT 1120 EXAM Page 11

y
5

✓✓✓
2

x
−2 −1 1 2 3 4 5
−1

−2

−3

−4
MAT 1120 EXAM Page 12

Question 4

4. (a) i.
12 12
x+2> =⇒ x + 2 − > 0✓
x+3 x+3
(x + 2)(x + 3) − 12
=⇒ >0
x+3
x2 + 5x − 6
=⇒ >0
x+3
(x + 6)(x + 1)
=⇒ > 0✓
x+3

−6 −3 −1
x+6 − + + +
x+1 − − − +
x+3 − − + +
(x+6)(x+1)
x+3
− + − +
✓✓
Solution Set = (−6, −3) ∪ (−1, ∞)✓
ii.
−2
= x =⇒ −2 = −x2 + x
1−x
=⇒ x2 − x − 2 = 0✓
=⇒ (x − 2)(x + 1) = 0✓
=⇒ x = 2 or x = −1✓

(b) i.
1
f (x) =
1 − x2
MAT 1120 EXAM Page 13

y
5
4
3
✓✓✓
2
1
0 x
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 1 2 3 4 5
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5

ii.
lim f (x) = −∞✓
x→1+

(c) i.
1 A B C
2 = + 2 +
(x − 1) (x + 1) x − 1 (x − 1) x+1
A(x − 1)(x + 1) + B(x + 1) + C(x − 1)2
=
(x − 1)2 (x + 1)
(A + C) x2 + (B − 2C) x + (−A + B + C)
= ✓
(x − 1)2 (x + 1)

Therefore,

(A + C) x2 + (B − 2C) x + (−A + B + C) = 1✓

A + C = 0 =⇒ C = −A
B − 2C = 0 =⇒ B = −2A
1
− A + B + C = 1 =⇒ −A − 2B − A = 1 =⇒ −4A = 1 =⇒ A = − ✓
4
Hence, B = 12 ✓ and C = 41 ✓ Thus,

1 − 41 1
2
1
4
2 = + 2 +
(x − 1) (x + 1) x − 1 (x − 1) x+1
MAT 1120 EXAM Page 14

ii.
− 14 1 1
Z Z Z Z
1 2 4
dx = dx + dx + dx
(x − 1)2 (x + 1) x−1 (x − 1)2 x+1
Z Z Z
1 1 1 1 1 1
=− dx + 2 dx + dx
4 x−1 2 (x − 1) 4 x+1
✓ ✓ ✓
1 1 1
= − ln(x − 1) − + ln(x + 1) + C
4 x−1 4
MAT 1120 EXAM Page 15

Question 5
5. (a) i.
1 − x > 0 =⇒ x < 1✓
Domain = (−∞, 1)✓
ii.
1−x
−1 ≤ ≤ 1✓
1+x

1−x 1−x
−1≤ ≤1
1+x 1+x
1−x 1−x
− −1≤0 −1≤0
1+x 1+x
x−1 1−x−1−x
−1≤0 ≤0
1+x 1+x
x−1−1−x −2x
≤0 ≤ 0✓
1+x 1+x
−2
≤ 0✓
1+x
The solution to the above
inequality is (−∞, −1) ∪
The solution to the above [0, ∞). ✓
inequality is (−1, ∞). ✓

Therefore, the solution to the given inequality is the intersection of the two
solutions sets.
\
(−2, ∞) {(−∞, −2) ∪ [0, ∞)} = [0, ∞) ✓

(b) i. √
f (x) = x−1−1
y

2
✓✓✓
1

x
−1 1 2 3 4 5
−1

−2
MAT 1120 EXAM Page 16

ii.
Range = [−1, −∞)✓
(c) i.
lim f (x) = 1 − |1| = 1 − 1 = 0✓
x→1−

lim f (x) = 1 − 1 = 0✓
x→1+

Therefore,
lim f (x) = 0 = f (1)✓
x→1

f is continuous at x = 1.
ii.
√ dy 1
If y = x, then = √ ✓
dx 2 x
Let us say this happens at x = a, then the equation of line is
1
y = √ (x + 1)✓
2 a
√ √
But the tangent line and the curver y = x meet at the common point a, a.
Therefore,
√ 1
a = √ (a + 1)✓
2 a
=⇒ 2a = a + 1
=⇒ a = 1✓
1
Equation of Line is y = (x + 1)✓
2
MAT 1120 EXAM Page 17

Question 6

6. (a) i.
√
 1 1
ln e = ln e 2 = ✓
2
ii.

2 − log2 (x − 3) = 1
=⇒ log2 (x − 3) = 1
=⇒ x − 3 = 2✓
=⇒ x = 2✓

(b) i.
Range of f = [−4, ∞)✓✓
ii. Let y = e−3x − 4. Then

e−3x = y + 4
− 3x = ln(y + 4)✓
ln(y + 4)
x=− ✓
3

Therefore,
ln(x + 4)
f −1 (x) = − ✓
3
iii.
1
f ◦ g(x) = f (g(x)) = e−3 ln( x+1 ) − 4✓
1 −3
= eln( x+1 ) − 4✓
3
= eln(x+1) − 4
= (x + 1)3 − 4✓
= x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1 − 4
= x3 + 3x2 + 3x − 3✓

(c) i.
1 x−1
f ′ (x) = 1 − = ✓
x x
0 1
x−1 − +
x + +
x−1
x
− +
✓✓
MAT 1120 EXAM Page 18

Therefore, f is increasing (1, ∞).✓

ii. Let u = x and dv = ex dx
Then du = dx and v = ex ✓
Therefore,
Z Z
x
xe dx = uv − v du✓
Z
= xe − ex dx✓
x

= xex − ex + C✓
MAT 1120 EXAM Page 19

Question 7

7. (a) i.  
5π 1
cos = cos (300◦ ) = ✓
3 2
ii.

2 (tan x + 3) = 5 + tan x
=⇒ 2 tan x + 6 = 5 + tan x
=⇒ tan x = −1✓

Therefore, x = 3π
4
(135◦ )✓ or x = 7π
4
(315◦ )✓
(b) i.

Amplitude = 3✓
Period = 2π
π
Phase shift = to the left ✓
2
7 y
6
5
4
✓✓✓
3
2
1
x
− π4 π π 3π π 5π 3π 7π 2π 9π
−1 4 2 4 1 4 2 4 1 4

−2 π


f (x) = 1 + 3 sin x + 2

ii.

L.H.S = (sin θ + cos θ)2

= sin2 θ + 2 sin θ cos θ + cos2 θ✓
= 1 + 2 sin θ cos θ✓
= 1 + sin (2θ) ✓
= R.H.S

(c) i.
1
Let y = + tan x = sec x + tan x
cos x
MAT 1120 EXAM Page 20

dy
Then = sec x tan x + sec2 x✓
dx
sin x 1
= +
cos x cos2 x
2
sin x + 1
= ✓
cosx
sin x + 1
= ✓
1 − sin2 x
sin x + 1
= ✓
(1 − sin x) (1 + sin x)
1
= ✓
1 − sin x

ii.
✓✓ π
π
− cos3 x
Z   
2 1 1 2
cos (x) sin (x) dx = = − − = ✓
0 3 0 3 3 3