EE355 - ELECTRICAL MACHINES

LABORATORY-II

Dr.Ch.Ramulu
Department of Electrical Engineering
NIT Warangal
INDIA
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, WARANGAL
(An Institution of National Importance)

Telangana – 506 004. INDIA.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY

MANUAL FOR

EE355 – ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY – II

B.Tech.

in

Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Sixth Semester

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2024-2025 (EVEN SEMESTER)

Prepared by
Dr. Ch.Ramulu
Faculty In-charge of Electrical Machines Lab
JANUARY 2024
 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, WARANGAL
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
BTech (EEE) – VI Semester
EE355 – ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY – II

Practical Hours/week: 3; Credits: 2

Predetermine the performance of induction motor by conducting no-load and blocked rotor
CO1 tests.
CO2 Determine the performance of induction motor by direct load test.

CO3 Predetermine the performance of cylindrical pole synchronous machine by OC and SC test.

CO4 Determine the direct and quadrature axis reactance by conducting slip test.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

# Name of the Experiment

a) Determination of Equivalent circuit parameters of three phase induction motor

1
b) Circle diagram of 3-phase induction motor

2 Brake test on 3-phase induction motor and its single phase operation

a) Regulation of 3-phase alternator by E.M.F. method

3
b) Determination of Xd and Xq of synchronous machine from slip test

a) Synchronization of Alternator To busbar

4
b) Determination of ‘V’ and inverted V curves of a 3-phase synchronous motor

5 Characteristics of 3-phase Schrage motor

6 No-load and load Characteristics of an Amplidyne.

7 Braking Characteristics of DC Shunt Motor

Dr. Ch.Ramulu
(Course In-charge)

EED/EE357-EMLAB-2/CHR ii
 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, WARANGAL
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY
SAFETY RULES

The following general rules and precautions are to be observed at all times in
the laboratory. These rules are for the benefit of the experimenter as well as
those around him/her. Additional rules and precautions may apply to a
particular laboratory.

1) There must be at least two personnel in the laboratory while working on

live circuits.
2) Shoes must be worn at all times.
3) Remove all loose conductive jewellery and trinkets, including rings,
which may come in contact with exposed circuits. (Do not wear long
loose ties, scarves, or other loose clothing around machines).
4) Consider all circuits to be "hot" unless proven otherwise.
5) Never hurry. Haste causes many accidents.
6) Always see that power is connected to your equipment through a circuit
breaker.
7) Connect the power source last.
8) Disconnect the power source first.
9) When using a multiple range meter always use the high range first to
determine the feasibility of using a lower range.
10) Check the current rating of all rheostats before use. Make sure that no
current overload will occur as the rheostat setting is changed.
11) Never overload any electrical machinery by more than 25% of the rated
voltage or current for more than a few seconds.
12) Select ratings of a current coil (CC) and potential coil (PC) in a
wattmeter properly before connecting in a test circuit.
13) Never make wiring changes on live circuits. Work deliberately and
carefully and check your work as you proceed.
14) When making measurements, form the habit of using only one hand at a
time. No part of a live circuit should be touched by the bare hand.

EED/EE357-EMLAB-2/PS iii
15) Keep the body, or any part of it, out of the circuit. Where
interconnecting wires and cables are involved, they should be arranged
so people will not trip over them.
16) Be as neat a possible. Keep the work area and workbench clear of items
not used in the experiment.
17) Always check to see that the power switch is OFF before plugging into
the outlet. Also, turn instrument or equipment OFF before unplugging
from the outlet.
18) When unplugging a power cord, pull on the plug, not on the cable.
19) When disassembling a circuit, first remove the source of power.
20) No ungrounded electrical or electronic apparatus is to be used in the
laboratory unless it is double insulated or battery operated.
21) Keep fluids, chemicals, and beat away from instruments and circuits.
22) Report any damages to equipment, hazards, and potential hazards to
the laboratory instructor.
23) If in doubt about electrical safety, see the laboratory instructor.
Regarding specific equipment, consult the instruction manual provided
by the manufacturer of the equipment. Information regarding safe use
and possible- hazards should be studied carefully.

EED/EE357-EMLAB-2/PS iv
 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, WARANGAL
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY
INSTRUCTIONS
A. DRESS CODE:

1. Students should not wear loose and flowing robes while conducting
experiments in the electrical machines laboratory. They should also avoid
bathroom slippers and wear appropriate footwear.

B. PREPARATION FOR THE LABORATORY:

2. A student must be well prepared for the experiment he/she is going to

conduct in the laboratory. He/she should carry an observation notebook,
which is exclusively meant for the laboratory. The following items must be
clearly written/drawn/ indicated pertaining to the experiment that is being
conducted:

a) Aim of the experiment

b) Apparatus needed
c) A neatly drawn circuit diagram
d) The fixation of the type and range of various meters
e) Precautions
f) Procedure
g) Tables for observations
h) Model calculations
i) Expected graphs

3. It is mandatory for students to carry calculators and graph sheets along with
the observation notebook.

4. Students must also bring the folder pertaining to the previous experiment,
failing which their entry into the laboratory is summarily rejected.

C. DURING THE LABORATORY SESSION:

5. Upon entering the lab, the faculty judge the preparedness of students by
posing questions related to the experiment with due emphasis on the
procedure, precautions, and the theory behind the experiment.

6. The students are expected to fix the type and ranges of the meters. In case it
is already indicated in the manual (correctly), they are expected to justify
them.

7. Students are permitted to carry out the experiment only after answering all
the questions posed by the faculty members. In case they don’t, they are

EED/EE357-EMLAB-2/PS v
 given one more chance to ponder over the questions and get back to the
faculty.

8. Upon getting the clearance from the faculty, students are expected to fill out
the indent form to draw the meters and components from the stores.

9. The students are then expected to make tight connections. The correctness
of these connections is then verified by the faculty.

10. Faculty may choose to pose further questions to students at the test bench to
judge their confidence levels and presence of mind during the experiment.

11. Students/faculty are expected to verify the general settings pertaining to the
experiments before the start of experiments. These typically include the
position of starters, field regulating rheostats, positions of autotransformers,
loading rheostats, etc.,.

12. The experiment is then conducted according to the procedure described in

the manual.

13. Care is exercised while taking measurements. Students should note zero
errors in the meters (if any) before taking the readings. They should take the
readings without parallax error and they should avoid leaning on to panels
/loading rheostats and co-students.

D. AFTER CONDUCTING THE EXPERIMENT:

14. Students show the observations to the faculty and upon their approval,
proceed to make the required calculations.

15. Students are then expected to draw pertinent graphs and then show them to
the faculty.

16. If any abnormalities are found, students may have to verify the veracity of
the observations/calculations.

E. AFTER THE LABORATORY SESSION:

17. Students are expected to document the experiment in the form of a folder.
The format of the folder is well described in the manual. The folder, which is
complete in all respects must be submitted in the subsequent session.

EED/EE357-EMLAB-2/PS vi
 GENERAL ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS

Resistor Variable Resistor

Potentiometer Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)

Inductor
Variable Inductor

Transformer (laminated iron core) Autotransformer

Polarised capacitor Unpolarised capacitor

Alternating Current source

Direct Current source

EED/EE357-EMLAB-2/PS vii
 Cell Battery

Voltmeter Ammeter

Single Pole Single Throw (SPST) switch Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) switch

Double Pole Single Throw (DPST) switch Double Pole Double Throw (DPDT)
switch

M G

Motor Generator

Wire (connection/joint)
Crossing wires (no connection)

Bell Lamp

EED/EE357-EMLAB-2/PS viii
 Fuse Circuut Breaker

Buzzer Push Button (Normally Open)

RPM
Push Button (Normally Closed)
Tachometer

Ohmmeter Chasis Ground

Equipotential
Earth Ground

EED/EE357-EMLAB-2/PS ix
Expt-1(a)

DETERMINATION OF EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT PARAMETERS OF 3Ф

INDUCTION MOTOR
AIM:
To determine the equivalent circuit of induction motor by conducting
no load and rotor blocked tests.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of Apparatus Type Range Quantity

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Before starting the experiment, keep the autotransformer in zero

output position.

PROCEDURE:

(a) NO LOAD TEST:

1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Keep the rotor free to rotate.
3. Apply the rated voltage by means of autotransformer slowly so that
motor develops counter emf, then apply rated voltage.
4. Note the readings of ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter’s.
5. Reduce the voltage to zero and switch off the supply.

(b) ROTOR BLOCKED TEST:

1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Keep the rotor blocked by tightening the belts on the brake drum.
3. Apply a reduced voltage, sufficient to allow the rated current to flow.
4. Note the readings of ammeter, voltmeter, and wattmeter’s.
5. Reduce the voltage to zero and switch off the supply.

10
EED/EE357-EMLAB-2/PS
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR NO-LOAD TEST:

3 - Φ Auto
Transformer W1
600V/5A

R M L
A2
FUSE C V
415 V
Rotor
V 0-600V A1 B1
50 Hz MIV
T C1 A2
3- Φ AC B2
Y P C2
A 3-ph, 2.8 kW,
FUSE 0-5A
MIA 0.85pf, 1450 rpm
415 V S

50 Hz T C V

3- Φ AC S M L
B
W2
FUSE 600V/5A

11
EED/EE357-EMLAB-2/PS
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR BLOCKED ROTOR TEST:

3 - Φ Auto
Spring
Transformer
W1 balance
150V/10A
Belt
R M L
A2
FUSE C V
415 V
Rotor
V 0-150V A1 B1
50 Hz MIV
T C1
Brake
3- Φ AC B2
Drum
Y P C2
A
FUSE 0-10A
S MIA
415 V

50 Hz T C V

3- Φ AC S M L
B
W2
FUSE 150V/10A

12
EED/EE357-EMLAB-2/PS
OBSERVATIONS:

a) NO LOAD TEST:
Wattmeter constants: K1=
Voltmeter Ammeter
Wattmeter reading
Sl. No reading reading
V1 IO W1 W2

b) ROTOR BLOCKED TEST:

Wattmeter constants: K2=
Voltmeter Ammeter
Wattmeter reading
Sl. No reading reading
VSC ISC W1SC W2SC

CALCULATIONS:

No load p.f = cos o = P0 / 3V1 I 0

PO = K1(W1+W2)

RO = 3V1
I O COSO

XO = 3V1
I O Sino

PSC
P.f on rotor blocked test; COS SC 
3VSC I SC

PSC = K2(W1SC +W2SC)

RESULT:

EED/EE357-EMLAB-2/PS 13
Expt-1(b)

CIRCLE DIAGRAM OF 3Ф INDUCTION MOTOR

AIM:
To conduct no load and blocked rotor tests on 3-phase induction
motor to find out input current, power factor, slip, toque and efficiency
corresponding to full load using circle diagram.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of Apparatus Type Range Quantity

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Before starting the experiment, keep the autotransformer in zero

output position.

PROCEDURE:

1 NO LOAD TEST:

a) Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.

b) Keep the rotor free to rotate.
c) Apply the rated voltage by means of autotransformer slowly so that
motor develops counter emf, then apply rated voltage.
d) Note the readings of ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeters.
e) Reduce the voltage to zero and switch off the supply.

2 ROTOR BLOCKED TEST:

1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Keep the rotor blocked by tightening the belts on the brake drum.
3. Apply a reduced voltage, sufficient to allow the rated current to flow.
4. Note the readings of ammeter, voltmeter, and wattmeters.
5. Reduce the voltage to zero and switch off the supply.

EED/EE357-EMLAB-2/PS 14
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR NO-LOAD TEST:

3 - Φ Auto
Transformer W1
600V/5A

R M L
A2
FUSE C V
415 V
Rotor
V 0-600V A1 B1
50 Hz MIV
T C1 A2
3- Φ AC B2
Y P C2
A 3-ph, 2.8 kW,
FUSE 0-5A
MIA 0.85pf, 1450 rpm
415 V S

50 Hz T C V

3- Φ AC S M L
B
W2
FUSE 600V/5A

EED/EE357-EMLAB-2/PS 15
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR BLOCKED ROTOR TEST:

3 - Φ Auto
Spring
Transformer
W1 balance
150V/10A
Belt
R M L
A2
FUSE C V
415 V
Rotor
V 0-150V A1 B1
50 Hz MIV
T C1
Brake
3- Φ AC B2
Drum
Y P C2
A
FUSE 0-10A
S MIA
415 V

50 Hz T C V

3- Φ AC S M L
B
W2
FUSE 150V/10A

EED/EE357-EMLAB-2/PS 16
 OBSERVATIONS:

a. NO LOAD TEST:

Wattmeter constants: K1=

Voltmeter Ammeter
Wattmeter reading
Sl. No reading reading
V1 IO W1 W2

b. ROTOR BLOCKED TEST:

Wattmeter constants: K2=

Voltmeter Ammeter
Wattmeter reading
Sl. No reading reading
VSC ISC W1SC W2SC

GRAPH
Y

RATED OUTPUT
Voltage

POWER

U
S A
MAX. TORQUE

ROTOR
CU LOSS
MAX. OUTPUT

MAX. INPUT

L
E

1
I1 I2 ‘ R
STATOR
sc T CU LOSS
ISN M

0 N
C F
I0 J B
o’ FIXED LOSS
o P K V G

RESULT:

EED/EE357-EMLAB-2/PS 17
Expt-2

BRAKE TEST ON 3-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR AND ITS SINGLE

PHASE OPERATION

AIM:
(a) Obtain the speed-torque characteristic and performance of a 3-phase
squirrel cage induction motor by conducting load test on it.
(b) To study the single phase operation of three phase induction motor.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of Apparatus Type Range Quantity

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Auto transformer must be at zero output position before supply given
to motor.
2. Ensure that both wattmeter’s have reversing switch.
3. Calculate the two wattmeter constants before starting experiment.

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the circuit as per the diagram and close the TPST.
2. Apply the rated voltage to the 3-phase induction motor through 3 
auto transformer slowly. At less voltage motor draws excess current
due to absence of counter emf. Once motor picks up speed current
becomes minimum then apply the rated voltage.
3. Note down the no load readings V, I, W1, and W2 and N.
4. Apply load gradually with the help of cooled brake drum attached to
the spring balance and note down the readings.
5. Load the motor till rated current in steps and note down all the
readings in each steps.
6. Bring the load to minimum, reduce the voltage applied to the motor
minimum and switch off the supply.
7. During loading one wattmeter shows reading below zero then reverse
the switch of that wattmeter and take its reading as negative and
other wattmeter show reading continuously positive.
8. For single phasing operation, open the switch S1 and observed the
meter readings.

EED/EE357-EMLAB-2/PS 18
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR BRAKE TEST ON 3-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

3ϕ Auto
Transformer
W1
600V/10A

R M L A1
C2 Spring
FUSE C balance
415 V V
50 Hz
3ϕ T V 0-600V
AC MI R
supply P
Water
S C1 cooled
Y A2 R=32cm brake
A
T FUSE 0-10A B2 B1 drum
3- ϕ IM
415 V MI 400V , 5HP,
50 Hz 7A , 0. 85 pf
3ϕ
AC C V
supply
M L
S1
B
W2
FUSE 600V/10A

19
OBSERVATIONS & CALCULATIONS:
r = 0.32 m
I/P =
S. S Torque= O/P=
V I W1 W2 N K1W1+ % % P.f
No load 9.81*r*S 2  NT /60 slip
K2W2

MODEL CALCULATION:

InputPower
Cos 
3VI

(NS  N )
%Slip  X 100
N

GRAPHS:

a) Draw the speed –Torque characteristics

b) Draw the output power – efficiency characteristics

Y
Y

%ή
Speed (rpm)
% EFFICIENCY

X
X Torque (Kg-m)
OUTPUT POWER ( WATTS)

RESULT:

20
Expt-3(a)

REGULATION OF SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

AIM:
To predetermine the regulation of given synchronous generator by
synchronous impedance method.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of Apparatus Type Range Quantity

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Before starting the dc motor, keep the starter in OFF position, its shunt
field regulator is in minimum position, keep the potential divider
connection in minimum voltage position.
2. The speed must be kept constant throughout the experiment.
3. During the O.C test, the field current of the alternator must be increased
in one direction only, to avoid errors due to hysteresis.

PROCEDURE:
1. The connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. With the starter in OFF position, the field regulator in minimum position,
the DC motor is started. After that starter resistance is completely cutout,
the speed is adjusted to rated value.
3. For O.C test keep the TPST open. By increasing gradually the alternator
field current from zero to value till 125% of rated voltage is obtained; the
readings of all meters are noted for various field currents.
4. For the S.C test, keep the TPST closed. By increasing the alternator field
current gradually from zero to the value of field current required to
produce rated current in the armature is noted.
5. Resistance of starter per phase is measured, after disconnecting the above
connections.

21
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR REGULATION OF SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

3- Point starter
L Z A
+ C2 A1

Z
A 0-10A
D V MI
ZZ 0-600V A
P
MI T
220V P
S M
DC S
185O/ FR T
T
1.5A
1 AA C1
A2
5 kW, 220V ,
21.7A , 1490 rpm B2 B1
5 KVA, 400V , 7.2A ,
1500 rpm, 0. 85 pf

-
+ A
-

+ MC
0-3A
D
P Z
220V S 2 X185Ω/1.5A Alternator
DC T Field
2
ZZ
-

22
OBSERVATIONS:

Open circuit test:

S. No. Vg(V) If(A)

Short circuit test:

S. No. ISC(A) If(A)

CALCULATIONS:
Induced emf measured on airgap line per phase for a field current
ZS/ph (unsaturated value) = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
--- -

The short circuit armature current per phase

for the same field current
XS = Z S2  Ra2
1
Eo = ((VCos   I a Ra )  (VSin   I a X S ) )
2 2 2

( EO  V )
%Regulation =  100
V
Calculate the regulation of the alternator at power factors of 0.8 lag, 1.0 and
0.8 lead.

Armature Resistance Measurement:

+ -
+ A
A1
26Ω/4.1A 0-3A
D P S T

MCA
12V +
DC
0-15V V
Supply
MCV
-
A2

23
MEASUREMENT OF RESISTANCE:

1. Make the circuit as per the circuit diagram.

2. Keep the high resistance in maximum resistance position.
3. Give low voltage supply to the circuit.
4. Adjust the high resistance to some suitable value, and note the
ammeter and voltmeter readings.

S. No. Va(V) Ia(A)

Va
R d .c  Ra.c  Ra / phase  1.2  Rd ,c
Ia

RESULT:

24
Expt-3(b)

SLIP TEST

AIM:
To determine Xd and Xq of a Salient pole Synchronous Machine.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of Apparatus Type Range Quantity

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Field rheostat of motor is kept in minimum resistance position.
2. Output voltage position of 3phase auto transformer is set to zero
initially.

PRODEDURE:
1. Start the DC motor using 3 point starter.
2. Adjust the speed of motor near to the synchronous speed of alternator.
3. Apply low voltage from A.C side and see that voltage induced in the
field winding of the alternator is low.
4. Note the minimum and maximum variations of voltmeter and ammeter
readings. Take few sets of readings.
5. Remove A.C supply, stop the motor.

25
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR SLIP TEST

3- Point starter

L Z A R
C2 A
+ A1
0-5A
Z MIA
3-Ф
A supply
V
ZZ 0-75/ Y
150V T
D P S T

220V MIV P
M
DC Supply S
185Ω/ FR T
1.5A
AA C1 B
A2
5 kW, 220V,
21.7A, 1490 rpm B2 B1
5 KVA, 400V, 7.2A,
1500 rpm, 0.85 pf

- N

3-Ф Auto
transformer
Z ZZ
Alternator
Field
Open
circuit

26
OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:

S. V max V min
Vmax(V) Vmin(V) Imax(A) Imin(A) Xd = 3 * Xq= 3 *
No. V min V max

RESULT:

27
Expt-4(a)

SYNCHRONISATION OF ALTERNATOR TO BUS BAR

AIM:
To synchronize the three phase alternator with the bus bars.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Name of Apparatus Type Range Quantity

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Before starting the DC motor, keep the starter in OFF position, its
shunt field regulator is in minimum position, keep the potential divider
connection in minimum voltage position.
2. The speed must be kept constant throughout the experiment.
3. Observe the voltage, frequency and phase sequence of alternators with
bus bars. If all the connections are satisfied then only synchronizing
switch must be closed.

PROCEDURE:
1. Start the DC motor using three point starter.
2. Increase the excitation of alternator such that it generates rated
voltage.
3. Adjust the speed, voltage and phase sequence of the alternator and
synchronize with the main bus bar through autotransformer.

28
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR SYNCHRONISATION OF ALTERNATOR TO BUSBAR

3- Point starter
L Z A
+ C2 A1

Z
A

ZZ Z

D P S T
220V
M
DC
185Ω/ FR ZZ
1.5A
AA C1
5 kW, 220V, + A2
21.7A, 1490 rpm 0-3A A B2 B1
MCA 5 KVA, 400V, 7.2A,
- 1500 rpm, 0.85 pf

D P S T
220V
DC 2X185Ω/1.5A

-
W1
0-150V/300V/600V
5/10A
M L R
R

V C L1
3-Ф
Supply
0-10V
A MIA Y
Y
T
P L2
S V C
T
B
B M L

W2 L3
N 0-150V/300V/600V
SYN
3-Ф Auto 5/10A BOARD
transformer

DPST
Switch
V
0-600V

29
 4. Voltage matching can be checked with voltmeter, if the phase
sequence is not matched lamps will glow in the cyclic order. Then
proper phase sequence can be obtained by interchanging any two
phases.
5. Adjust the speed of prime mover to get maximum dark position for the
lamps, then only synchronizing switch must be closed.

RESULT:

30
Expt-4(b)

V AND INVERTED V CURVES OF ALTERNATOR

AIM:
To determine experimentally the V curves and inverted V curves of the
given three phase synchronous motor by indirect loading.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Name of Apparatus Type Range Quantity

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Before starting the dc motor, keep the starter in OFF position, its
shunt field regulator is in minimum position, keep the potential divider
connection in minimum voltage position.
2. The speed must be kept constant throughout the experiment.
3. During the O.C test, the field current of the alternator must be
increased in one direction only, to avoid errors due to hysteresis.

PROCEDURE:
1. Start the DC motor using 3-point starter.
2. Increase the excitation of alternator such that it generates rated
voltage.
3. Adjust the speed, voltage and observe phase sequence of the
alternator and synchronize with the main bus bar through
autotransformer.
4. By adjusting the excitation of alternator from minimum to maximum
value note down the corresponding meter readings.
5. The line current on AC side is controlled by the excitation of
synchronous motor for a particular power output obtains a family of V-
curves.
6. After taken all the readings bring the field rheostat of alternator and
motor to the original positions and switch of the DC and AC supply to
stop the motor.

31
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR DETERMINATION OF V AND INVERTED V CURVES OF AN ALTERNATOR
3- Point starter
L Z A
+ C2 A1

Z
A

ZZ Z

D P S T
220V
M
DC Supply
185Ω/ FR ZZ
1.5A
AA C1
5 kW, 220V, + A2
21.7A, 1490 rpm 0-3A A B2 B1
MCA 5 KVA, 400V, 7.2A,
- 1500 rpm, 0.85 pf

D P S T
220V
DC Supply 2X185Ω/1.5A

-
W1
0-150V/300V/600V
5/10A
M L R
R

V C L1
3-Ф
Supply
0-10V
A MIA Y
Y
T
P L2
S V C
T
B
B M L

W2 L3
N 0-150V/300V/600V
SYN
3-Ф Auto
5/10A BOARD
transformer

DPST
Switch
V
0-600V

32
OBSERVATIONS:

S.No W1(W) W2(W) Ia(A) If(A) p.f.

GRAPHS:
1. Ia VS If
2. P.f VS If

RESULT:

33
Expt-5

CHARACTERISTICS OF SCHRAGE MOTOR

AIM:
a) Predetermine the speeds and slips of a Schrage motor
b) Obtain the performance characteristics of Schrage motor at sub
synchronous, synchronous and super synchronous speeds.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of Apparatus Type Range Quantity

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Two wattmeters selected must have reverse switch facility and
calculate its constants.
2. Before giving supply to motor in each part of experiment keep the
brush adjustment wheel in fully anticlockwise direction.
3. Pour sufficient water in the brake drum to dissipate heat under various
load conditions.
4. During measurement one wattmeter shows always +ve and other
wattmeter changes its readings from +ve to –ve it must be observed
carefully.

PROCEDURE:

A) Determination of Voltages:
1) Connect the circuit as shown in fig. A.
2) Ensure that brush adjustment wheel position in fully anticlockwise
direction (brushes are away from each other in each phase) and then
Switch On the supply.
3) Keep the brushes in particular position by moving the handle (wheel)
mark that position and note down the voltages induced in secondary
and auxiliary windings.
4) For different position of brushes note down the voltages induced in
both the windings i.e., brushes are away from each other in each
phase and bring the brush position to normal fully antilock position.
5) List out the entries in table no#1 and then find slip and speeds.

B) Determination of Speeds:
1) Connect the circuit diagram as shown in fig.b

34
 2) Keep the brushes at particular position marked in the previous voltage
measurement experiments and measure speed using tachometer.
3) For each previous indicated position of brushes measure the speed and
note down in the table no.1 at corresponding points.
4) Compare measured and calculated speeds, both must match nearly.
5) Bring the brush holder point to fully anticlockwise position and switch
off the supply.

C) Performance characteristics(LOAD TEST):

i. For sub synchronous speed(1200 rpm):

1) Connect the circuit diagram as per the diag. Shown in fig.c.
2) Keep the belt of water cooled brake drum belt in loose position,
ensure that brush adjustment wheel is in fully anticlockwise position
and switch ON the supply.
3) Once supply is given motor runs at a particular speed in anticlockwise
direction (which is the standard direction of rotation of motor).
4) Adjust the brush adjustment wheel to a particular position, such that
motor runs at 1200rpm and note down the no load reading.
5) Load the motor brake drum using water cooled brake drum, and note
the readings of all meters and load in Kgs for each load condition along
with the speed. And repeat the same (for diff load conditions) until full
load current.
6) Release the load bring the speed to normal speed of 1200rpm.

ii. For synchronous speed (1500rpm):

1) Adjust the brush adjustment wheel to a particular position, such that
motor runs at 1500rpm and note down the no load readings.
2) Repeat step 5.
3) Release the load and bring the speed to normal speed 1500 rpm.
4) List the readings in table no.3

35
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR DETERMING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SCHRAGE MOTOR

W1
600V/10A
L M
R
V C 415 V

V 0-600V 50 Hz
MIV
T
3 - Φ AC
A
0-10A P Y
MIA
S 415 V

T 50 Hz
V C
3 - Φ AC
L M B

W2
600V/10A

400V, 10.5A, 5kW,

0.95pf, 2100 rpm

36
 3-Ф Supply 3-Ф Supply
R Y B R Y B

A1 B1 C1 A2 B2 C2 A1 B1 C1 A2 B2 C2

ES Sec. wdg Sec. wdg

V 0-60V
MIV

A1 B1 C1 A2 B2 C2

EJ A1 B1 C1 A2 B2 C2
V 0-30V Aux. wdg
Aux. wdg
MIV

Pri. wdg Pri. wdg

A B C A B C

V 0-600V V 0-600V
MIV MIV

Figure A Figure B

37
For super synchronous speed (1700rpm):
1) Adjust the brush adjustment wheel to a particular position, such that
motor runs at 1200rpm and note down the no load reading.
2) Repeat step 5 and note down readings in Table no.4.
3) Release the load and bring speed to bare minimum speed by adjusting
the brush adjustment wheel (i.e., by keeping it in extreme
anticlockwise position).
4) Switch off the supply.

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:

TABLE-1:
Sec Injected
Slip S= Nr = (1-S)NS Observed
S. No voltage ES voltage EJ
EJ/ES calculated speed
(V) (V)

TABLE-2: Sub synchronous speeds (1200rpm) r=0.41 m

S. Load IL N W1 W2 P= K1W1+K2W2
T=9.81.S.r % p.f
No in kgs (A) (rpm) (W) (W)

TABLE-3: Synchronous speeds (1500 RPM)

S. Load IL N W1 W2 P= K1W1+K2W2
T=9.81.S.r % p.f
No in kgs (A) (rpm) (W) (W)

38
TABLE-4: Super synchronous speeds (1700RPM)

S. Load IL N W1 W2 P= K1W1+K2W2
T=9.81.S.r % p.f
No in kgs (A) (rpm) (W) (W)

GRAPHS:

Performance Characteristics:
1) At sub synchronous speed o/p VS % 
o/p VS p.f
o/p VS current
2) Similar characteristics must be drawn in separate sheets for
synchronous and super synchronous speeds.

RESULT:

39
Expt-6

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN AMPLIDYNE

AIM:
Obtain O.C.C. and Load characteristics of an Amplidyne at 0%, 50% and
100% compensations.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of Apparatus Type Range Quantity

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Keep the rheostats in control winding circuit at minimum position at

the time of starting.
2. Auto transformer must be at zero output position at starting.
3. Load switch in the amplidyne circuit is at open position.

PROCEDURE:

a) For O.C.C (Open Circuit Characteristic)

1. Keep switch DPST-3 at open position and give 3-ph supply to induction
motor.
2. Close DPST-1 and make the frequent reversal of autotransformer
around 10 to 15 times to make the VL to zero at starting.
3. Close DPST-2.
4. Adjust the rheostats smoothly and note down the readings of V f, If, and
VL at each position.
5. Repeat step 4 for various values of Vf, If and VL till we get the 1.25
times the rated voltage of amplidyne (1.25*200=250V)
6. Draw O.C.C VL on y-axis and If on x-axis.

40
 CIRCUIT DIAGARAM FOR CHARACTERISTICS OF AN AMPLIDYNE

0-250mA
Ph MC
B A A
X11 X1 + -
D 0-25mA
MI
+
230 V
P + D
50Hz P
S V 220 V
1ϕ 2X185 Ω,1.5A S
0- 300V T DC Supply
AC T 0-75V - 2
supply E V MC
1 MI
-
X 12 X2

N C Demagnetising
1ϕ variac winding
230/(0-270V);50Hz;15A
Amplicator A
3
Winding Compensating
Winding
A1 A2 Y3 Y1

Y2 + 0-10A
D A MCA
R RR + P -
Diverter V S L
A4 0- 300V 230V
Resistance T O
2.5kW, 200V , 12.5A , MC - 10A
1420 rpm Amplidyne 3 A
D

R
Y IM
B
5HP, 420V , 7.5A , 1420 rpm,
3ϕ Induction motor

41
 Figure- A Figure- B

Compensating Compensating
Winding Winding
Y3 Y1 Y3 Y1

Y2 Y2

R RR R RR
For 50% Compensation
For 100% Compensation

Figure- C
A3

A1 A2 Y3 Y1 +
0-500mA
A MCA
Y2
-
R RR + D
A4 0-300V V P L
230V
MCV S O
- A
10A
T
D

For 0% Compensation

42
b) For Load characteristics:

1. Keep DPST-3 at open position and adjust rheostats in the control

circuit to get rated voltage (200 V) across an amplidyne.
2. Close DPST-3 before to that ensure that load must be at OFF position.
3. Close one by one load switch each time note down the voltage across
load and current through the load till the rated current flows in the
circuit.
4. Note down the readings of Vf, If, IL and VL each time prepare an
observation table.
5. Bring the loads to minimum then open DPST-3 and adjust the rheostat
in control circuit to get zero voltage across an amplidyne then remove
dc supply and ac supply to three phase induction motor.
6. Make the connections for 50% compensation as shown in fig (b) (only
compensation winding circuit connections to be modified).
7. Connect the 1180 ohm, 0.6A load across an amplidyne through
(0-300) mA MC ammeter. DPST-3 & DPST-2 open, DPST-1 close.
8. Give the three phase supply to induction motor, adjust
autotransformer frequently to get voltage across amplidyne zero.
9. Close DPST-2 and adjust rheostats to get rated voltage across
amplidyne.
10. Close DPST-3 note down the readings of Vf, If, IL and VL for different
values of load rheostat positions and tabulate the results.
11. Bring the load to minimum then open DPST-3 and adjust the rheostats
in control winding circuit to make amplidyne voltage zero, open
DPST-2 and remove supply for three phase induction motor.
12. Make the connections for 0% compensation as shown in fig (a) and
repeat steps (7) to (11).

OBSERVATION TABLE:

For O.C.C:

S.NO Vf (V) If (mA) VL (V)

43
For Load Characteristics:

(a) 100% compensation

S.NO Vf (V) If (mA) VL (V) IL (A)

(b) 50% compensation

S.NO Vf (V) If (mA) VL (V) IL (A)

(c) 0% compensation

S.NO Vf (V) If (mA) VL (V) IL (A)

GRAPHS:

1) Draw the open circuit characteristic

2) Draw the load characteristic at 100%, 50% and 0% compensations.

RESULT:

44
Expt-7

BRAKING CHARACTERISTICS OF DC SHUNT MOTOR

AIM:
To obtain the braking characteristics of a DC shunt motor when it is
braked by dynamic braking and plugging.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No Name of Apparatus Type Range Quantity

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Initially resistance in motor field is kept in minimum position.

2. The readings of voltmeter and ammeter are to be noted carefully
with the help of paper kept over the scale.
3. The readings of time must be taken well using stop watch.

PROCEDURE:
(a) Dynamic Braking
1. The connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. The field resistance of the motor is kept in the minimum position
supply is given and motor is run at rated speed.
3. The switch is thrown onto the other side 2-2’.
4. The speed starts falling. The readings of the armature and
voltmeter are noted for regular intervals of speed.

(b) Plugging
1. The circuit is connected as per the circuit diagram.
2. The resistance of field circuit is kept in minimum resistance
position.
3. The supply to the armature terminals is reversed by throwing
switch to 2-2’.
4. The supply is given and motor is run at rated speed.
5. The readings of armature and voltmeter are noted and tabulated
for decreasing values of speed.

45
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR DYNAMIC BRAKING

3- Point Starter

L Z A

+ -
+ A
+ A 0-3A 0-3A
MCA 1 3 2 MCA A
-
+
D P S T

0-300V
+
MCA
185Ω/ 0-300V
220V FR
1.5A M V MCV
DC V
185Ω/ DPDT -
Supply -
1.5A
1' 2' AA
Z 3'
220v, 25.5A,
- 1160rpm, 4.4kW

ZZ

46
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR PLUGGING

3- Point Starter

L Z A

+
+ A 0-3A
MCA 2 3 1 A
-
+
D P S T

0-300V
+ DPDT 0-300V
MCA FR V
220V M MCV
DC V
185Ω/ 220v, 25.5A, -
Supply -
1.5A 1160rpm, 4.4kW
AA
Z 2' 3' 1'
- 185Ω/ 0-3A
MCA
1.5A
ZZ A

47
 (c) Measurement of Armature resistance
1. Connections are made as per circuit diagram.
2. Resistance control in armature is varied in steps and readings of
voltmeter and ammeter are noted down.

+ -
+ A
A
D P S T
26Ω/4.1A 0-3A
MCA
12V +
DC M 0-15V V
Supply
MCV
-
AA

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:

1. DYNAMIC BRAKING

T
S No V (V) (A) N rpm T (N-m )
(sec) rad/sec

2. PLUGGING
T
S No V (V) (A) N rpm T (N-m )
(sec) rad/sec

Armature Resistance Free wheeling

S No V (V) (A) R=V/I(Ω) Speed

S No Time (Sec)
(RPM)

RESULT:

48
 APPENDIX-A

RHEOSTAT CONNECTIONS

---------------- End of document ----------------

49