SNC 4M0 Blood Pressure Lab

BLOOD PRESSURE LAB
Introduction
Constant pressure is required to pump blood through the circulatory system. This ensures the delivery of oxygen and
nutrients to and the removal of carbon dioxide and waste products from tissues. Positive pressure is created by
forceful contraction of the left ventricle of the heart, measured as systole. It is maintained during relaxation of the
ventricle by closure of the aortic valve and recoil of arteries, measured as diastole.
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is a useful measure of the adequacy of tissue perfusion. It is not a simple average of
systolic and diastolic blood pressures. This is because diastole continues for twice as long as systole. MAP can be
reasonably approximated using the equation:
The adaptability of the heart can be observed during exercise, when the metabolic activity of skeletal muscles
increases. The cardiovascular system, consisting of the heart and blood vessels, responds to exercise with an increase
in heart rate and strength of contraction with each beat, resulting in a higher cardiac output (cardiac output =
quantity of blood pumped through the heart per unit of time) and blood pressure. Positive pressure is created by
forceful contraction of the left ventricle of the heart, measured as systole. It is maintained during relaxation of the
ventricle by closure of the aortic valve and recoil of arteries, measured as diastole.
CARDIAC CYCLE
Systole = contraction phase

Diastole = relaxation phase
STARLING'S LAW
"The energy of the contraction is proportional to the initial length

of cardiac muscle fibres."
ie. the greater the length (diastolic filling), the more powerful the contraction
Objectives
In this experiment, you will

Obtain graphical representation of blood pressure.
Compare changes in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures with exercise.
Use blood pressure readings and pulse to infer changes in cardiac output and peripheral vascular
resistance with exercise.
Equipment:
A blood pressure cuff (sphygmomanometer) for each group
A blood pressure checklist form for each student
Instructions:
Taking blood pressure accurately is a learned skill that becomes easier with practice. It is a skill that can be used for
the rest of your life and could be used to protect your health. Refer to the instruction booklet for technique.
DO NOT hold pressure on a person's arm repeatedly or for long periods of time.
1. In small groups (3), have one person take the blood pressure of a group member using the sphygmomanometer:
The other person's role is to evaluate the procedure using the checklist.
A. Sitting down SYS 113 DIA 64

B. Sitting with legs crossed SYS 104 DIA 55
C. Lining down SYS 98 DIA 54
D. Standing SYS 111 DIA 78
E. After 5 minutes of vigorous exercise (cycling) SYS 124 DIA 82
F. 3 minutes following exercise SYS 112 DIA 68
2. Repeat step #1 for each group member.
3. Answer the following questions:
A. Was your blood pressure within the "normal" range?

Explain why or why not.
Because I had eaten normally in the morning and even the day before, I had not altered my diet or way of life, and I was
not under any stress or in any other situation that may have caused my blood pressure to rise abnormally, my blood pressure
was within normal limits.
B. Did blood pressure change with postural changes? Explain.

Postural changes do cause changes in blood factor. For instance, your blood pressure is normal and calm when you are
sitting; however, when you stand up, your blood pressure increases because gravity makes it more difficult for the body to
pump blood to the upper body, which causes the body to constrict its blood vessels and the heart to beat more quickly in an
attempt to pump more blood upward. Thus, blood pressure is affected by variations in posture.
Yes, it did affect my blood pressure differently as well.
C. How did blood pressure change with exercise? Explain.

It went up by a substantial amount. because the muscles at that time required an increasing amount of oxygen and
nourishment, causing the heart to beat more vigorously. Additionally, because more blood flow is needed at these moments,
the blood vessels enlarge and permit more blood flow, which raises the blood pressure even further.
D. What happened to blood pressure during exercise recovery?

Why do you think this happened?
It would have reduced and approached the usual range since there was less of a requirement for oxygen and nutrients than
there would have been if you were exercising. Because muscles need more oxygen and nutrients when exercising, the heart
would pump more quickly. However, at rest, the muscles would not need as much, which is why the heart rate would not be as
high.
E. Explain the usefulness of blood pressure as a measure of cardiovascular health.
It is helpful since it may reveal a variety of acute and chronic health issues as well as whether or not an individual is
generally well. It can assist in identifying any blockages or other issues that can eventually harm the heart. In addition to
determining if blood vessel relaxation is normal based on the body's condition, it may also evaluate whether blood vessel
dilation is necessary for blood flow.
BLOOD PRESURE CHECKLIST
Name: _Yahya Yaqoob Blood Pressure: 113 / _64
Yes No
Was the subject’s arm placed comfortably on the table? yes
Was the subject’s hand relaxed and unclenched? yes
Was cuff placed on upper arm loose enough so that it did not restrict blood flow? yes
Was the cuff at heart level of the subject? no
Were the tubes of the cuff on the anterior side of the forearm? NA NA
Was the stethoscope was located on the brachial artery? NA NA
Was the pressure was pumped to 189mm Hg? NA NA
Was the pressure released slowly? NA NA
Were systolic and diastolic pressures properly recorded? yes
NORMS SYSTOLIC DIASTOLIC
Young adult males 120 mm Hg 80 mm Hg
Young Adult females 110 mm Hg 70 mm Hg
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
BLOOD PRESURE CHECKLIST
Name: ____________________________ Blood Pressure: _______ / _______
Yes No
Was the subject’s arm placed comfortably on the table?
Was the subject’s hand relaxed and unclenched?
Was cuff placed on upper arm loose enough so that it did not restrict blood flow?
Was the cuff at heart level of the subject?
Were the tubes of the cuff on the anterior side of the forearm?
Was the stethoscope was located on the brachial artery?
Was the pressure was pumped to 189mm Hg?
Was the pressure released slowly?
Were systolic and diastolic pressures properly recorded?
NORMS SYSTOLIC DIASTOLIC
Young adult males 120 mm Hg 80 mm Hg
Young Adult females 110 mm Hg 70 mm Hg

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BLOOD PRESSURE LAB

Systole = contraction phase

"The energy of the contraction is proportional to the initial length

In this experiment, you will

A. Sitting down SYS 113 DIA 64

2. Repeat step #1 for each group member.

3. Answer the following questions:

A. Was your blood pressure within the "normal" range?

B. Did blood pressure change with postural changes? Explain.

C. How did blood pressure change with exercise? Explain.

D. What happened to blood pressure during exercise recovery?

Name: _Yahya Yaqoob Blood Pressure: 113 / _64

NORMS SYSTOLIC DIASTOLIC

Young adult males 120 mm Hg 80 mm Hg

Young Adult females 110 mm Hg 70 mm Hg

BLOOD PRESURE CHECKLIST

Name: ____________________________ Blood Pressure: _______ / _______

NORMS SYSTOLIC DIASTOLIC

Young adult males 120 mm Hg 80 mm Hg

Young Adult females 110 mm Hg 70 mm Hg

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Name: ________________________ Blood Pressure: _ / _____