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    Fractures and Dislocations

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    The document discusses fractures and dislocations, including types of fractures, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, urgent management, medical management, splints and bandages, complications, and dislocations. It was written by Dr. Khalil Abdulqawi El-Aajam and provides information on fractures, dislocations, and their treatment.

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    Fractures and Dislocations

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    mtlqhsn78
    6 views27 pages
    The document discusses fractures and dislocations, including types of fractures, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, urgent management, medical management, splints and bandages, complications, and dislocations. It was written by Dr. Khalil Abdulqawi El-Aajam and provides information on fractures, dislocations, and their treatment.

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    The document discusses fractures and dislocations, including types of fractures, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, urgent management, medical management, splints and bandages, complications, and dislocations. It was written by Dr. Khalil Abdulqawi El-Aajam and provides information on fractures, dislocations, and their treatment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    6 views27 pages

    Fractures and Dislocations

    Uploaded by

    mtlqhsn78
    The document discusses fractures and dislocations, including types of fractures, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, urgent management, medical management, splints and bandages, complications, and dislocations. It was written by Dr. Khalil Abdulqawi El-Aajam and provides information on fractures, dislocations, and their treatment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 27

    Fractures and dislocations

    By
    Dr. Khalil Abdulqawi El-Aajam
    PhD. M.Sc. B.Sc

    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam


    Fractures
    • A fracture is a break in the continuity of bone.

    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam


    Types of Fractures
    1. Complete fracture involves a break across the entire cross-section
    of the bone and is frequently displaced (removed from normal
    position).
    2. Incomplete fracture (eg, greenstick fracture), the break occurs
    through only part of the cross-section of the bone.
    3. Comminuted fracture is one that produces several bone fragments.
    4. Closed fracture(simple fracture) is one that does not cause a break
    in the skin.
    5. Open fracture (compound, or complex, fracture) is one in which the
    skin or mucous membrane wound extends to the fractured bone.

    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam


    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam
    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam
    Clinical Manifestations
    a. Pain
    b. loss of function
    c. Deformity
    d. shortening of the extremity
    e. local swelling
    f. discoloration

    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam


    Diagnosis
    The diagnosis of a fracture is based on the patient’s symptoms, the
    physical signs, and the x-ray.

    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam


    Urgent Management of Fractures
    1. Immediately immobilize affected limb. If movement is required
    before splinting, support limb above and below fracture.
    2. Unless there is bleeding apply splints and padding (above and
    below fracture site) directly over the clothing. If bleeding is
    present visualization may be necessary before pressure can
    be applied where bleeding is originating. Keep patient
    covered to preserve body heat.
    3. If the fractured extremity is a leg bone, the unaffected
    extremity can be used as a splint by bandaging both legs
    together. An arm can be bandaged to the chest or put into a
    sling to minimize further tissue damage.

    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam


    4. Assess color, warmth, circulation, and movement (CWCM) of the
    limb distal to the fracture.
    5. Open fractures require the protruding bone be covered with a
    clean (sterile preferred) dressing.
    6. Do not attempt to “straighten” the fractured extremity. Move
    the affected limb as little as necessary.
    7. Transport to an emergency department as soon as possible.

    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam


    • Medical Management of Fractures
    1. Reduction
    a. Closed reduction
    b. Open reduction
    2. Immobilization
    3. Regaining of normal function
    4. Strength through rehabilitation

    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam


    Splints and Bandages

    • Bandage:- is strip or roll of material that is wrapped around a body


    part to support or immobilize a body part, or to secure a dressing.

    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam


    Kinds of bandages:
    • Gauze is use for bandages because it is light and porous and
    conforms to body parts, inexpensive and can be discarded after one
    use.
    • Elastic bandages adhere to the skin providing support and pressure
    and conforms to body parts.

    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam


    Principles of Application of Bandages
    1. Elevate extremity for several seconds prior to application to reduce
    venous congestion.
    2. Always wrap from distal to proximal direction (towards the heart to
    promote venous return)
    3. Each rotation should overlap previous lap by one half
    4. Use an equal amount of tension for each turn
    5. Following application, check distal body parts (hands, fingers, feet &
    toes) for numbness, pale or cyanotic color, absence of pulse to
    determine if bandage is too tight)

    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam


    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam
    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam
    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam
    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam
    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam
    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam
    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam
    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam
    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam
    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam
    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam
    Complications
    • Complications of fractures fall into two categories—
    a) Early complications include shock, fat embolism, compartment
    syndrome, deep vein thrombosis, thromboembolism (pulmonary
    embolism), and infection.
    b) Delayed complications include delayed union and nonunion,
    necrosis of bone.

    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam


    Dislocations
    • Dislocations are a common injury in which the ends of the bones are
    forced from their normal position.
    • They are usually caused by trauma as in falls or contact sports or a
    disease such as rheumatoid arthritis. Any joint large or small may
    become dislocated.
    • Severe pain along with lost range of motion of the joint and joint
    deformity occurs.

    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam


    Medical intervention
    • Immediate medical treatment is required to preserve function.
    • Splint the extremity as it is found, apply ice, and seek help.
    • Do not move the extremity as blood vessels, muscles, and nerves
    could be damaged..

    Dr. Khalil El-Aajam

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