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Tutorial 1

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23f3001728
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Engineering Thermodynamics (CH161)

Tutorial-1
1. A large fraction of the thermal energy generated in the engine of a car is rejected to the air
by the radiator through the circulating water. Should the radiator be analyzed as a closed
system or as an open system? Explain.

2. How would you describe the state of the water in a bathtub? How would you describe the
process that this water experiences as it cools?
3. Consider two closed systems A and B. System A contains 3000 kJ of thermal energy at
20°C, whereas system B contains 200 kJ of thermal energy at 50°C. Now the systems are
brought into contact with each other. Determine the direction of any heat transfer between
the two systems.
4. The efficiency of a refrigerator increases by 3 percent for each °C rise in the minimum
temperature in the device. What is the increase in the efficiency for each (a) K, (b) °F, and
(c) R rise in temperature?
5. Consider a 70-kg woman who has a total foot imprint area of 400 cm2. She wishes to walk
on the snow, but the snow cannot withstand pressures greater than 0.5 kPa. Determine the
minimum size of the snowshoes needed (imprint area per shoe) to enable her to walk on
the snow without sinking.

6. The maximum blood pressure in the upper arm of a


healthy person is about 120 mmHg. If a vertical tube
open to the atmosphere is connected to the vein in the
arm of the person, determine how high the blood will
rise in the tube. Take the density of the blood to be
1050 kg/m3.
7. Consider the system shown in Fig. P1–81. If a change of 0.7 kPa in the pressure of air
causes the brine–mercury interface in the right column to drop by 5 mm in the brine level
in the right column while the pressure in the brine pipe remains constant, determine the
ratio of A2/A1.

8. It is well-known that cold air feels much colder in windy weather than what the
thermometer reading indicates because of the “chilling effect” of the wind. This effect is
due to the increase in the convection heat transfer coefficient with increasing air velocities.
The equivalent wind chill temperature in °F is given by [ASHRAE, Handbook of
Fundamentals (Atlanta, GA, 1993), p. 8.15]

where V is the wind velocity in mi/h and Tambient is the ambient air temperature in °F in
calm air, which is taken to be air with light winds at speeds up to 4 mi/h. The constant
91.4°F in the given equation is the mean skin temperature of a resting person in a
comfortable environment. Windy air at temperature Tambient and velocity V will feel as cold
as the calm air at temperature Tequiv. Using proper conversion factors, obtain an equivalent
relation in SI units where V is the wind velocity in km/h and Tambient is the ambient air
temperature in °C.

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