TQ 8

MINING ENGINEERING 1
EXPLORATION AND MINING METHOD
MAY 08, 2015

1. A system of bearing down coal by which compressed air, generated locally by a portable compressor at 10,000 psi, is used in releasing cylinder, which is
placed in a hole drilled in the coal.
A. Hydrox - A permitted device, used in some English coal mines, that resembles Cardox in that a steel cylinder with a thin shearing disk is used.
However, the charge is not liquid carbon dioxide but rather a powder composed chiefly of ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate.
B. Clorox - sterilizing agent for water supplies, and as an extractor of metals
C. Cardox - Cardox CO2 Blasting system consists of a reusable metal tube that is secured into a vessel or directly into the material to be blasted.
D. Airdox - A system for breaking down coal by which compressed air, generated locally by a portable compressor at 10,000 psi (69.0 MPa), is used
in a releasing cylinder, which is placed in a hole drilled in the coal.

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2. In coal mine subsidence, this angle is assumed to bisect the angle of repose of material.
A. Angle of repose - Steepest stable angle of unconsolidated material.
B. Angle of draw - Slope angle for material movement.
C. Pit slope - Angle of open pit walls.
D. Bench slope - Angle of open pit benches.

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%20In%20coal,20%C2%B0%20for%20flat%20seams.

3. The maximum slope at which heap of any loose material will stand without sliding or come to rest when poured on dumped in a pile or on a slope.
A. Angle of draw - Slope angle for material movement in mining operations.
B. Working slope - The operational slope used for mining activities such as hauling and dumping.
C. Angle of repose – The maximum stable slope angle for loose material, critical for understanding stability in mining
i. operations.
D. Gradient slope - Slope expressed as a ratio or percentage, often used in mine design and planning to determine the incline of ramps or haulage
ways.

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%20In%20coal,20%C2%B0%20for%20flat%20seams.

4. It is the portion or remainder of shot-hole found in a face often a blast has been fired.
A. Bootleg - Remnant of a blast-hole that has been charged and fired, found not to contain any explosive material.
B. Misfire - Correct. Blasting charge failure.
C. Hang-fire - Delayed detonation.
D. Mine-fire - Underground fire hazard.

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https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/npsg/explosives/Terminology.pdf

5.Underground mining method frequently used by small-scale gold miners:

A. Sublevel caving - Large-scale mining method where ore is extracted from beneath a series of sublevels, typically not used by small-scale miners.
B. Top slicing - Method of mining where the top layers of an ore body are removed sequentially, often used in open-pit mining rather than
underground operations.
C. Cut-and-fill - Mining method where ore is extracted in horizontal slices, with excavated areas filled with waste material to support the overlying
rock, commonly used in underground mining but not specific to small-scale operations.
D. Gophering - Small-scale underground mining method where miners excavate small tunnels or shafts to access gold-bearing ore, suitable for
limited resources and manpower often found in small-scale mining operations.

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6. Sinking a number of boreholes each in different horizontal or vertical direction from a single drill set-up.
A. Auger drilling - Method using a rotating helical screw blade to bore into the ground, commonly used for shallow, unconsolidated materials like
soil and soft rock.
B. Fan drilling - Technique involving the sinking of multiple boreholes in various horizontal or vertical directions from a single drill setup, creating
a fan-shaped pattern of holes.
C. Diamond drilling - Method utilizing a diamond-impregnated drill bit to obtain core samples from subsurface formations, often employed in
exploration drilling to assess geological characteristics and ore grades.
D. Deep well drilling - Process of drilling deep boreholes into the earth to access subsurface fluids such as oil, gas, or water, typically not used for
mining exploration purposes.

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7. The process of injecting grout into crevices of rock, usually through a borehole drilled into the rock.
A. Spraying - Applying material in a fine mist, typically not specific to injecting grout into rock crevices.
B. Grouting - Injecting grout into rock crevices through a borehole to improve rock stability or seal fractures, commonly used in mining for ground
support and reinforcement.
C. Guniting - Process of spraying a mixture of cement, sand, and water onto surfaces to form a protective layer or reinforcement, often used in
construction but less common in mining for grout injection.
D. Shotcreting - Technique of spraying concrete or mortar onto surfaces at high velocity using a pneumatic nozzle, primarily used for ground
support and construction in mining but not specifically for injecting grout into rock crevices.
http://faculty.tafreshu.ac.ir/file/download/course/1583681961-engineering-rock-mechanics-volume1.pdf
https://www.rocscience.com/assets/resources/learning/hoek/1987-Support-in-Underground-Hard-Rock-Mines.pdf
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1165780/000116578003000001/glossary.htm#:~:text=Grouting%20%2D%20The%20process%20of
%20sealing,through%20a%20diamond%20drill%20hole.

8. The rising of the floor of the floor of the mine caused by its being too soft to resist the weight on the pillar.

A. Roof - Overhead surface in mines.

B. Floor - Mine's bottom surface.
C. Heave - Rising floor due to softness.
D. Crown - Uppermost point in mine openings.

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9. The line defining the area in which open pit operation may be conducted to obtain maximum amount of ore material and minimum amount of waste
material.
A. Optimum pit limit - Defines area for maximum ore extraction.
B. Bench slope - Angle of terraced steps in open-pit mines.
C. Working slope - Operational slope for mining activities.
D. Gradient - Slope expressed as a ratio, not for defining pit limits.

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10. The cubic feet of ore per ton in deposit.

A. Tonnage factor - Cubic feet of ore per ton.
B. Swell factor - Volume increase after blasting.
C. Mine head - Mine entrance or top.
D. Mill head - Ore entering milling process.

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11. A smooth blasting method in which cracks for the final contour are created by blasting prior to the drilling of the rest of the holes for the blast pattern.
A. Perimeter blasting - Method where explosives are placed along the perimeter of an excavation to control fragmentation and reduce ground
vibration.
B. Pre-splitting - Correct. Technique where cracks for the final contour are created by blasting before drilling the remaining blast holes, enhancing
wall stability and controlling fragmentation.
C. Smooth blasting - Blasting method aimed at achieving a smooth final wall contour, typically used in tunneling or excavation to minimize
overbreak and achieve precise excavation.
D. Secondary blasting - Additional blasting done after initial blasts to break down oversized rocks or further fragment the rock mass.

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12. Failure of a charge to explode when expected.

A. Bootleg - the bottom remnant or an intact portion of a hole that has been charged and blasted, and that contains no visible explosives.
B. Misfire - Failure of a charge to explode as intended, posing safety risks and requiring proper handling and disposal procedures.
C. Hang-fire - Delayed detonation of a charge after it has been initiated, potentially hazardous and requiring caution before approaching.
D. Explosion - Rapid release of energy accompanied by heat, pressure, and noise, typically intentional and controlled in mining operations, unlike a
misfire.

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13. Lowering of strata, including the surface due to underground excavation.

A. Rock failure - The breaking or fracturing of rock due to stress or pressure, often leading to instability in underground workings.
B. Subsidence - The lowering of strata, including the surface, due to underground excavation, which can result in ground depressions and structural
damage.
C. Sinking - The process of constructing a vertical shaft or inclined passage to access underground mineral deposits.
D. Mud-rush - Sudden influx of water-saturated material or mud into underground workings, posing safety hazards to miners and equipment.

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14. A horizontal opening driven across the course of a vein or in general across the direction of the main workings.
A. Ramp - A sloping access pathway typically used for moving equipment and materials into and out of an underground mine or quarry.
B. Tunnel - An underground passageway that is excavated through soil, rock, or other materials, usually for the purpose of transportation, drainage,
or mining operations.
C. Dog-hole - A small, vertical or inclined shaft or opening in a mine, often used for ventilation or as a secondary access route.
D. Crosscut - A horizontal opening driven across the course of a vein or in general across the direction of the main workings in a mine, typically
used for ventilation, access, or exploration.
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15. A distinct pause or pre-determined time between detonation or initiation impulses, to permit the firing of explosives charges separated.
A. Delay blasting - Controlled detonation technique with timed pauses between explosives charges.
B. Delay detonator - Device for initiating charges with pre-set time delays.
C. Delay - Pause between detonation impulses for controlled blasting.
D. Delay element - Component introducing timed delays in initiation for controlled detonation.

https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/npsg/explosives/Terminology.pdf
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16. An explosive material containing substantial amounts of oxidizers dissolved in waste, surrounded by an explosives charges separated.
A. Glycerin - A colorless, odorless, viscous liquid used as a solvent or as an ingredient in explosives; however, it does not typically contain
substantial amounts of oxidizers dissolved in waste.
B. Fuel oil - A combustible liquid typically mixed with oxidizers to create explosive mixtures used in mining and construction; it provides the fuel
component necessary for the explosion.
C. Ammonia - A compound consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen often used in fertilizer production and various industrial processes; it is not
typically used as an explosive material in mining.
D. Emulsion - An explosive material consisting of oxidizers dissolved in water droplets dispersed within a fuel matrix; it is commonly used in
mining due to its stability, ease of use, and ability to be sensitized for various blasting applications.

https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/npsg/explosives/Terminology.pdf
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17. A designation given to a delay detonator to show its relative or absolute delay time in a given series.
A. Delay interval - Time between delay detonators in a series.
B. Delay element - Component introducing timed delays in initiation.
C. Delay period - Predetermined time delay of a detonator.
D. Delay series - Sequence of delay detonators for controlled detonations.

18. The wall or rock under a vein.

A. Host rock - The rock formation in which a mineral deposit is located or within which valuable minerals are hosted.
B. Country rock - The surrounding rock formation that is not part of the mineral deposit but often provides important geological context for
understanding the mineralization process.
C. Footwall - The lower boundary or surface of a vein or ore deposit, typically the wall or rock beneath the mineralized zone.
D. Hanging wall - The upper boundary or surface of a vein or ore deposit, typically the wall or rock above the mineralized zone.

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19. Explosives that are permitted for fuse in gassy and dusty atmosphere.
A. ANFO - Commonly used explosive for mining, safe for gassy and dusty atmospheres.
B. Ammoniac dynamite - Explosive containing ammonia, not typically safe for gassy environments.
C. Permissible explosives - Approved for use in coal mines with flammable gases.
D. Commercial explosives - Broad range of explosives, not all safe for gassy or dusty conditions.

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20. A profitability index used by project evaluators to ascertain the selling price and sales volume of the mineral to which no profit or loss will be incurred
by the proponent company.
A. Net present value analysis - Evaluates profitability by discounting future cash flows.
B. Regression analysis - Statistical method for analyzing variable relationships.
C. Sensitivity analysis - Assesses how changes in variables affect project outcomes.
D. Break-even analysis - Determines the point of no profit or loss based on costs and revenues.

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%20current,minimum%20acceptable%20rate%20of%20return.

21. It is a time-based cost being incurred continuously regardless of mining activity and being extinguished only by complete capital repayment:
A. Royalties - Payments for mineral extraction rights, not time-based costs.
B. Depreciation - Allocates asset cost over time, not extinguished by repayment.
C. Depletion - Allocates mineral extraction cost over mine's life span.
D. Interest - Continuous borrowing cost, not extinguished by capital repayment.

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22. A square set whose members are not framed at their intersections and the timbers used are smaller than those of the square set.
A. Spilling - Allows broken ore to fall into lower workings.
B. Bastard set - Square set with smaller, unframed timbers.
C. Top lagging - Layer of support at the top of timber sets.
D. Bearing set - Supports weight or provides roof support in mining.
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23. A fuse composed of an explosive core within a textile or plastic covering. It detonates every explosive that in direct contact with it.
A. Cordtex - Explosive core in textile covering for detonation.
B. Primacord - Explosive core in plastic covering for blasting.
C. Ignitacord - A cord-like thermite fuse that burns progressively along its length with an external flame at the zone of burning and is used for
lighting a series of safety fuses in sequence. Burns with a spitting flame similar to a Fourth of July sparkler.
D. none of the above

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24. The angle, measured in degrees of deviation from the horizontal at which the earthy or rack material will stand in an excavated terrace-like out in an open
pit mine or quarry.
A. Angle of draw - Angle for hauling material.
B. Pit slope - Angle of open-pit walls.
C. Angle of repose - Maximum stable stacking angle.
D. Bench slope - Angle of excavated terraces.

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%20In%20coal,20%C2%B0%20for%20flat%20seams.
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25. The explosive cartridge into which the detonator has been inserted.

A. ANFO - Explosive mixture of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil.

B. Permissible explosive - Approved for underground coal mines.
C. Gelatin dynamite - Nitroglycerin-based explosive.
D. Primer cartridge - Cartridge with inserted detonator for initiation.

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26. A technique of measuring expected profitability through the basic concepts cash flow and time value of money.

A. Hoskold formula - Two-rate valuation formula, once much used to determine present value (Vp) of mining properties or shares, with redemption
of capital invested.
B. Payback period - Time to recoup initial investment.
C. Accounting rate of return - Compares average profit to investment.
D. Discounted cash flow rate of return - Evaluates profitability considering time value of money.

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27. The operation of drilling and blasting a detached boulder or masses of rock, the purpose of which is to reduce the mass to sizes suitable for handling.
A. Mud-capping - Blasting with explosives under mud cover.
B. Block holing - Drilling and blasting for rock fragmentation.
C. Master shooting - Simultaneous detonation for rock breakup.
D. Bootleg - That portion of a borehole that remains relatively intact after having been charged with explosives and fired.

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28. A baked mixtures of soda and lime, used in the container or regeneration of self-contained mine rescue or oxygen breathing apparatus to absorb the
exhaled CO2 .
A. Air dox - A system for breaking down coal by which compressed air, generated locally by a portable compressor at 10,000 psi (69.0 MPa),
B. Cardox - Cardox CO2 Blasting system consists of a reusable metal tube that is secured into a vessel or directly into the material to be blasted.
C. Cardoxide - baked mixture of caustic soda and lime, used in the container or regenerator of self-contained mine-rescue or oxygen-
breathing
D. Clorox - sterilizing agent for water supplies, and as an extractor of metals

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29. Mine opening over haulage level through which ore from the slope above is drawn to the waiting truck as planning is moved.
A. Ramp - Sloping access for equipment and material.
B. Ore pass - Vertical or inclined passage for ore transfer.
C. Chinamans’s chute - Mine opening over the haulage level through which ore from the stope above is drawn to waiting trucks as planking is
removed.
D. Drift - Horizontal tunnel for access or transport in a mine.

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30. A hollow cylinder used to contain and preserve a continuous section, or core of the rocks penetrated in drill.
A. Core barrel - Hollow cylinder for retaining rock core samples.
 B. Core-it-lap
C. Core lifter - Device to assist in extracting core samples.
D. none of the above

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31. Explosive decomposition that moves through the reactants at a speed greater that the speed of sound in the reactants to produce shock waves and
significant over pressure regardless of confinement.
A. Detonation - Rapid explosive decomposition creating shock waves.
B. Delay - Time interval between explosives initiation for control.
C. Electric blasting cap - Initiates explosives remotely via electrical impulse.
D. Deflagration - Slower combustion process without shock waves.

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32. Positive ore reserve is synonymous to:

A. Measured ore - Highest confidence level from extensive drilling.
B. Probable ore - Reasonable confidence level from geological evidence.
C. Possible ore - Term not commonly used in mining.
D. Inferred ore - Lowest confidence level from limited geological evidence.

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33. When did the tailings leak incident at Philex Mining Corporation happened?
a. July 30, 2012 b. July 31, 2012 c. August 01, 2012 d. August 02, 2012

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%20in%20Benguet%20province.

34. A mineral that has either blue or green outcrop, and exist as carbonates, silicates, sulphates, oxides and in native form is.
A. Iron sulphides - Associated with gold, not typically blue or green.
B. Copper - Forms various minerals, some with blue or green outcrops.
C. Nickel - Occurs in sulfides, silicates, and oxides, less common with blue or green colors.
D. Mercury - Primarily found as cinnabar, red in color, not typically blue or green.

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35. What particular mineral that exhibits a color anomaly of yellow, brown or red at the outcrop of ore body?
A. Arsenic - Not typically associated with color anomalies at ore outcrops.
B. Iron Sulphides - Often brassy yellow but not known for color anomalies.
C. Manganese - Can exhibit yellowish-brown to reddish-brown colors at ore outcrops.
D. Antimony - Not typically associated with color anomalies at ore outcrops.

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36. A drilling technique that uses either air and water as flushing medium and both cuttings of ore can be recovered, very useful in reserve calculation of soft
formations.
A. Percussion drilling - Not effective for recovering ore cuttings.
B. Auger drilling - Uses rotating screw blade, suitable for soft formations.
C. Reserved circulation - Uses air or water to flush cuttings, effective in soft formations.
D. Diamond drilling - Utilizes diamond-studded bit, precise for ore recovery in all formations.

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37. What is the particular phase in regional mineral prospecting and exploration wherein detailed surface appraisal is being done on the target area?
A. Phase 1 - Initial exploration, not detailed surface appraisal.
B. Phase 3 - Advanced exploration, not focused on surface appraisal.
C. Phase 2 - Detailed surface appraisal phase in regional exploration.
D. Phase 4 - Feasibility and development, may follow surface appraisal.

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B9780444995155500119-main.pdf

38. Field of study concerned with checking the properties and behaviour of rocks when subjected to force field:
A. Slope stability - Assessing slope stability in mining.
B. Rock mechanics - Studying rocks' behavior under force fields.
C. Ground control - Managing ground hazards in mining.
D. Soil mechanics - Study of soil properties and behavior.
http://faculty.tafreshu.ac.ir/file/download/course/1583681961-engineering-rock-mechanics-volume1.pdf
https://www.geokniga.org/bookfiles/geokniga-lindgren1933mineraldeposits.pdf
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39. This material is used as both lubricant and flushing medium:

A. Mud - Mixture used for lubrication and carrying cuttings.
B. Clays - Fine-grained minerals added to drilling mud.
C. Soapstone - Rock with lubricating properties, less common in mining.
D. Bentonite - Clay used for lubrication and as a flushing medium.

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40. A standard practice in diamond drilling wherein the core is recovered by pulling the barrel to the surface inside the connecting drill rods using a thin steel
cable, thus eliminating the need to pull the entire length of the drill rod to the surface.
A. Core drilling - General term for obtaining cylindrical samples.
B. Diamond drilling - Uses diamond-studded bit to retrieve core samples.
C. Wire-line drilling - Core recovered using steel cable, efficient method.
D. Conventional drilling - Traditional method, may involve pulling entire drill string.

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41. What type of opening is most suitable considering the following conditions, a deposit outcrops in an area of high relief and shallow cover; it dips steeply
and can be interested at relatively shallow depth.
A. Decline - Inclined tunnel suitable for shallow deposits with steep dips.
B. Slope - Surface ramp, less suitable for underground access.
C. Vertical shaft - Excavated from surface, not ideal for shallow deposits.
D. Adit - Horizontal tunnel driven into hillside, suitable for shallow deposits.

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42. A new method of hoisting that is design for every deep shaft extending more than 6,000 ft. in depth.
A. Drum - Traditional hoisting device, not exclusive to deep shafts.
B. Friction-sheave - Hoisting system using grooved wheel, not specific to depth.
C. Koepe - Specifically designed for deep shafts over 6,000 ft.
D. Multi-drum - Hoisting system with multiple drums, not exclusive to depth.

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43. _______ in the direction of the mine entrance.

A. Entry - Passage into the mine.
B. Portal - Mine entrance at the surface.
C. Inby - Direction toward mine entrance.
D. Outby - Direction away from mine entrance.

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44. It is any division or branch of the ventilation circuit.

A. Air split - Divided airflow in ventilation circuit.
B. Split - Division of airflow in ventilation.
C. Airway - Passage for air circulation in mine.
D. Air course - Pathway for air flow in ventilation.

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45. The total area around an airway is called.
A. Regulator - Air flow control device.
B. Surface area - Total area surrounding an airway.
C. Rubbing surface - Not commonly used in mining.
D. Resistance surface - Total area affecting airflow resistance.

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46. In coal mining, this is the creation of a strong, inflexible beam by bolting or otherwise fastening together several weaker layers:
A. Beam building - Strengthening weak layers by fastening them.
B. Barrier pillars - Solid coal blocks left for support.
C. Bolting - Securing strata with bolts for roof support.
D. Grouting - Injecting fluid to stabilize rock or coal.

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47. Solid blocks of coal or rock left between two miners or sections of a mine to prevent accidents due to inrushes of water or gas, or to protect pillars in
heading against crushing:
A. Beam building - Strengthening layers, not relevant.
B. Barrier pillars - Supportive blocks, not for preventing accidents.
C. Gob - Blocks left to prevent accidents or protect pillars.
D. Fillings - Material used for filling empty spaces.

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48. These are special air courses developed and maintained as part of the mine ventilation system that are design to continuously move air-methane mixtures
emitted by the gob away from active working and into mine-return-air courses:
A. Airways - General passages for air circulation.
B. Air courses - Pathways for airflow in the mine.
C. Bleeder entries - Specifically for moving air-methane mixtures.
D. Overcasts - Structures for redirecting air flow.

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49. Fuels and oxidizers are the principal reacting ingredients in explosives. Which do you think is not a fuel?
A. TNT - Trinitrotoluene, a chemical compound commonly used as an explosive. While TNT itself is not a fuel, it serves as the main explosive
component in many formulations.
B. Aluminium - A metal often used as a fuel in explosive formulations due to its ability to react exothermically with oxidizers, enhancing the
explosive effect.
C. Carbon - A common fuel component in explosives, often in the form of charcoal or graphite. It reacts with oxidizers to produce heat and gases,
contributing to the explosive reaction.
D. NaNO3 - Sodium nitrate, an oxidizer commonly used in explosives formulations. It provides oxygen for the combustion of fuels, enhancing the
explosive effect.

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50. These are specially formulated mixtures that are safe to use in flammable atmospheres in underground coal mines:
A. ANFO - Common explosive mixture, not specifically for flammable atmospheres.
B. NG explosives - Not safe for flammable atmospheres.
C. Permissible - Formulated for safe use in flammable atmospheres in coal mines.
D. Black powder - Historical explosive, not safe for flammable atmospheres.

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51. Rope fleet angel is the angle subtended by the hoist rope and the centreline from the drum to reduce abrasion in the sheave groove, the fleet angle should
be restricted to:
a. 2-5/2o b. 3o c. 1-2o d. 1-3/2o

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52. A wire rope that is suitable for any system (drum hoist or friction-sheave) at depths of over 3,200 ft is
A. Flattened strand- Wires flattened before stranding. Even load distribution, abrasion-resistant.
B. Round strand - Individual wires round in cross-section. Versatile, strong, easy bending.
C. Locked-coil - Multiple layers tightly wound, interlocked wires. Exceptional strength, durability, abrasion resistance.
D. all of the above
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53.If you are a draw control engineer in a block caving operation and you are required to have at least a subsidence of 1 meter of the caved ore from each
draw raise, compute for the amount of draw you should get from each finger raise (each with a diameter of 3 meters) considering that the insitu density of the
ore is 2 MT/cu. M. with a swell factor of 17% upon caving.
a. 14.1 MT/m. b. 19.47 MT/m. c. 12.10 MT/m. d. 15.22MT/m.
54. What type of access will you choose for deep horizontal (<30O), vertical incline (<70o) deposit?
A. Slope with haulage - Surface ramp for horizontal or inclined deposits.
B. Decline tunnel with conveyor - Downward-sloping tunnel with conveyor for horizontal deposits.
C. Vertical shaft with hoisting - Vertical excavation for both horizontal and vertical incline deposits.
D. Inclined shaft with hoisting - Inclined excavation for vertical incline deposits.

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55. An effective way to operate a mine with conventional haulage methods in an inclined seam or bed is to drive all openings cross-pitch, that is:
A. at an angle to the dip of the deposit - Drive openings angled with the deposit's dip.
B. at an angle to the strike of the deposit - Drive openings angled with the deposit's strike.
C. at an angle half the dip of the deposit - Drive openings midway between horizontal and deposit dip.
D. at an angle of 45o to the dip of the deposit - Drive openings at a fixed 45-degree angle to the deposit's dip.

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56. Multiple openings are necessary in coal mines because they provide.
A. Good access to the coal - Easy coal access with multiple openings.
B. Adequate ventilation - Ensured airflow in coal mines.
C. Good recovery of coal - Enhanced coal extraction efficiency.
D. Minimal distances - Reduced travel distances for miners.

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57. Excessive spacing or deficient spacing of draw points causes weight problems on:
A. Undercuts - Excessive or deficient draw point spacing affects stability.
B. Sill pillars - Draw point spacing impacts pillar stability.
C. Crown pillars - Stability affected by draw point spacing.
D. Barrier pillars - Draw point spacing influences pillar effectiveness.

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58. In actual caving, it is this action which dilutes the ore with waste during drawing:
A. Draw control - Regulates material extraction to prevent dilution.
B. Ellipsoid of motion - Describes rock movement in block caving.
C. Funnelling - Flow of waste into ore during drawing.
D. Gravity flowing - Material movement in cave zones.

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59. In a typical mining bench operation, 1 ft of ore face must be exposed for each 4 to 5 tons of required daily production. Supposing the required daily
production is 20,00 tons, the advance stripping of the bench face must continue until:
a. 4,000-5,000 ft b. 10,000-12,000 ft c. 2,000-3,000 ft d. 6,000-7,000 ft
60. Supplements the pit design and reserve estimation work that is usually done for feasibility and budget studies and is an important element of decision
making process:
A. Long range mine planning - Strategic planning for mine development over years.
B. Short range mine planning - Tactical planning for daily mine operations.
C. Long range production planning - Strategic planning for production over years.
D. Short range production planning - Tactical planning for daily production operations.

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61. For paper cycle balance in hauling, the cycle time for trucks must be:
A. half the time required to spot and loads the entire truck fleet
B. equal to the time required to spot and load the entire truck fleet
C. greater than the time required to spot and load the entire truck fleet
D. less than the time required to spot and load the entire truck fleet

62. In an open pit mine design, these are located on each section so that the ore grade line supports a stripping ratio corresponding to the break-even stripping
ratio or allowance stripping ratio:
A. Cut-off grades - Determines economically viable mining areas.
B. Pit slope angle - Defines the angle of pit walls for stability.
C. Pit limits - Boundaries of the open pit mining area.
D. Bank slopes - Angles of benches for safe extraction.

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63. Road-grades are based on the following criterion:

a. from trucks performance charts on breaking and speeding
b. soil cohesion
c. pit stability
 d. all of the above
64. The best road gradient is between the ranges of:
a. 7-12% b. 8-15% c. 8-12% d. 7-15%
65. A failure that occurs below the toe of the bank:
A. Base failure - Failure at the bottom of a slope.
B. Slip circle failure - Circular movement of soil or rock.
C. Slope failure - Collapse of a slope or embankment.
D. Toppling - Forward rotation of rock or soil masses.

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%20deformation.

66. A failure that occurs intermediate between the crest and the toe:
A. Base failure - Failure at the bottom of a slope.
B. Slip circle failure - Circular movement of soil or rock.
C. Slope failure - Collapse of a slope or embankment.
D. Toppling - Forward rotation of rock or soil masses.

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%20deformation.

67. The recommended pit slope for the solid country rock is:
A. 60-80o - Recommended pit slope range for solid country rock. This range ensures stability while allowing for efficient mining operations.
B. 63-72o - Similar to option (a), this range provides a slightly narrower band of pit slope angles suitable for solid country rock. It ensures stability
while maximizing ore recovery.
C. 45o - A pit slope angle that may be suitable for more competent rock formations but is generally considered too steep for solid country rock. It
may lead to stability issues and safety hazards in mining operations.
D. 50o - Another pit slope angle that may be too steep for solid country rock. It may result in stability challenges and safety risks during mining
activities.

68. The recommended pit slope for gravel is:

a. 22 o b. 35 o c. 16 o d. 37o
69. Hole patterns used only in soft to moderately hard rock (coal, potash, salt, etc.) to provide an additional free face for blasting. They lower the risk of
explosion in a flammable atmosphere, such as in coal mines:
A. Pyramid cut - Creates pyramid-shaped excavations for blasting.
B. Burn cut - Uses heat to create openings in rock.
C. Kerfs - Narrow slots to weaken rock for extraction.
D. V-cut - Drills V-shaped patterns to lower explosion risk.

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70. What is the most important factor in designing blasting grounds?

A. Property of rock - Influences blasting effectiveness and stability.
B. Drill hole diameter - Affects rock fragmentation and energy distribution.
C. Hole pattern - Optimizes blasting efficiency and fragmentation.
D. Type of explosive - Impacts blasting effectiveness and outcomes.

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71. In underground mines, which of the following is classified as continuous mining?

A. Shaft mucker - Removes broken rock from mine shafts intermittently.
B. Loader - Scoops and transports materials continuously in underground mines.
C. Slusher - Moves material horizontally intermittently underground.
D. Boring machine - Drills holes intermittently for blasting underground.

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72. Which of the following is classified as continuous mining?

A. Shovel - Intermittent digging and loading.
B. Dredging - Excavating underwater, not continuous mining.
C. Scraper - Moves earth intermittently in open-pit mining.
D. Dragline - Continuous excavation in surface mining.

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73. Which of the following is classified as both excavating and rock fragmentation method?
a. ripping b. hydraulicking c. blasting d. both b and c

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74. Diameter holes in underground mines are generally:

 a. 10-20 in b. 1-4 in c. 12-24 in d. 5-10 in

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75. Diameter holes in surface mines are generally:

a. 10-20 in b. 6-18 in c. 12-24 in d. 5-10 in

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76. It is considered the most important explosive parameter in breaking and displacing rock in blasting or otherwise known as explosion pressure:
A. Borehole pressure - Pressure within the borehole during blasting.
B. High explosive pressure - Pressure generated upon detonation.
C. Detonating pressure - Pressure produced by explosive detonation, crucial for breaking rock.
D. High velocity pressure - Pressure from fast-moving gases and fragments after detonation.

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https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/npsg/explosives/Terminology.pdf

77. An explosive produces toxic fumes when:

A. Excess fuel - Leads to incomplete combustion, producing toxic fumes.
B. Excess oxygen - Also causes incomplete combustion, resulting in toxic fumes.
C. Fuel shortage - Results in incomplete combustion and toxic fumes.
D. Balanced-oxygen content - Minimizes toxic fume production during combustion.

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78. A small gold sluicing operation gets water supply from a dam with a dimension of 72 ft x 25 ft x 12 ft. The mine foreman wants to discharge the water at
100 ft per minute using a 6-inch pump with 80% efficiency. How long will it take to drain the pump?
a. 21 hours b. 18 hours c. 20 hours d. 22.96 hours
79. A mechanical cut and fill stoping:
A. Cut-and-fill stoping with LHD - Uses LHD machines for mucking.
B. Horizontal cut-and-fill stopping - Excavates horizontally for stopes.
C. Rill stoping - Excavates narrow channels in orebodies.
D. Resuing - Repurposes waste material from mining.

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80. Which do you think is a fuel?

A. CaCO3 - Not a fuel.
B. AN - an oxidizer.
C. TNT - Explosive compound
D. NG - Nitroglycerin
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81. Sublevel block caving is a hybrid between sublevel caving and block caving introduced to counter
A. drilling and blasting problems in sublevel caving
B. draw control problems in block caving
C. problems in sublevel caving due to dilution and mining at depth
D. problems in block caving regarding stability, reinforcement and secondary blasting problems

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82. The sublevel shrinkage method is a variant of sublevel caving and shrinkage stooping developed to reduce
a. drawbacks due to mechanization of operation
b. drawbacks due to mining at depth
c. drawbacks in sublevel caving such as stability problem as mining goes deeper and minimizing dilution
d. drawbacks in shrinkage stooping such as dilution

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83. Sublevel caving layout depends primarily on the size and shape of the ore body, for steeply dipping and narrow ore bodies, the appropriate layout is:
A. Longitudinal layout - Mining parallel to ore body's strike.
B. Perpendicular layout - Mining perpendicular to ore body's strike.
C. Cross-section layout - Mining across ore body's width.
D. Traverse layout - Not commonly used for steeply dipping and narrow ore bodies.

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84. Sublevel caving method is applicable to:

A. component ore body characteristics enclosed by strong wall rocks
B. weak ore body and wall rock characteristics enclosed by incompetent wall rocks
C. reasonably competent ore body characteristics enclosed by incompetent wall rocks
D. strong ore body and wall rock characteristics
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85. The optimum yield from the ore body in sublevel caving depends on:
A. the drilling and blasting technique
B. attitude of the ore body
C. the country rock overlying the ore body
D. the gravitational flow of granular material produced by blasting and caving waste rock

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86. Sublevel caving is a method that:

A. is applicable to a tabular ore body with 3 meters height
B. involves the formation of the in-situ ore into a mechanically mobile state by drilling and blasting and subsequently recovered
C. is applicable to low plunging vein type deposit
D. rely on the caving of the ore

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87. Sublevel caving method remains to be called due to the fact that:
A. the characteristics of the ore and country rock have high capability index
B. the ore and country rock caves
C. the ore caves
D. the country rock (hanging wall and foot wall) caves

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88. Front caving method is a special version of sublevel caving introduced by Jane Lid (1975) that was based on:
A. test that good control of the gravity flow can be achieved when production drifts are wide and low
B. stability
C. the size or area of contact surface between blasted ore and caving waste rock
D. recovery and waste rock dilution

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89. Sublevel caving and block caving are methods that are:
A. Naturally supported - Relies on surrounding geological formations for support, like sublevel caving.
B. Unsupported - Not commonly used in mining; most methods require some form of support.
C. Artificially supported - Relies on artificial support systems like pillars or backfill, as in room and pillar mining.
D. none of the above

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90. Who developed large scale mining methods, especially hydraulic mining?
a. Romans b. Greeks c. Egyptians d. Indians
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%20Romans%20used%20hydraulic%20mining,in%20large%20reservoirs%20and%20tanks.