6

4 Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, decomposes into water and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst,

manganese(IV) oxide.

2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)

(a) What is meant by the term catalyst?


....................................................................................................................................................
.
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
.
(b) A student studies the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide using the apparatus shown.

The student uses 20 cm3 of 0.1 mol / dm3 hydrogen peroxide and 1.0 g of manganese(IV) oxide.

The student measures the volume of oxygen given off at regular time intervals until the reaction

stops. A graph of the results is shown.

gas syringe

hydrogen peroxide
catalyst

compiled by @learntodayigcse
volume
of oxygen
produced / cm3

0
0 time / s

(i) When is the rate of reaction highest?


....................................................................................................................................... [1]
.
(ii) Suggest one method of increasing the rate of reaction using the same amounts of hydrogen

peroxide and manganese(IV) oxide.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]
.
© UCLES 2016 0620/42/F/M/16
 7

(c) (i) Calculate the number of moles of hydrogen peroxide used in this experiment.


................. mol [1]

(ii) Use your answer to (c)(i) and the equation to calculate the number of moles of oxygen

produced in the reaction.

2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)

................. mol [1]

(iii) Calculate the volume (at r.t.p.) of oxygen produced.


compiled by @learntodayigcse ................. dm3 [1]

(iv) What would be the effect on the volume of oxygen produced if the mass of catalyst was

increased?

....................................................................................................................................... [1]
.
(v) Deduce the volume of oxygen that would be produced if 20 cm3 of 0.2 mol / dm3 hydrogen

peroxide was used instead of 20 cm3 of 0.1 mol / dm3 hydrogen peroxide.

................. dm3 [1]

© UCLES 2016 0620/42/F/M/16 [Turn over

 7

5 Chlorine, bromine and iodine are halogens.


(a) Chlorine can be made in the laboratory by heating manganese(IV) oxide with concentrated

hydrochloric acid.

MnO2(s) + 4HCl (aq) → MnCl 2(aq) + 2H2O(l) + Cl 2(g)

Calculate the volume of 8.00 mol / dm3 HCl (aq) needed to react with 3.48 g of MnO2.

• moles of MnO2 used

................................ mol

• moles of HCl needed

................................ mol

• volume of HCl needed

compiled by @learntodayigcse ................................ cm3

[4]

(b) A student bubbled chlorine gas into a test-tube containing aqueous potassium bromide.

(i) Describe the colour change seen in the test-tube.

from ............................................................... to ...............................................................
.
[2]

(ii) Complete the ionic equation for this reaction.


Include state symbols.

Cl 2(g) + ......Br –(aq) → ................ + ................
[3]

© UCLES 2016 0620/42/O/N/16 [Turn over

 11

6 Barium carbonate decomposes when heated.


BaCO3(s) BaO(s) + CO2(g)

(a) A student heated a 10.0 g sample of barium carbonate until it was fully decomposed.

(i) Calculate the number of moles of barium carbonate the student used.

moles of barium carbonate = ............................. mol [2]

(ii) Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced at room temperature and pressure.

Give your answer in dm3.

volume of carbon dioxide = ............................. dm3 [1]

(b) The student added 2.00 g of the barium oxide produced to water.

BaO + H2O Ba(OH)2

Calculate the mass of barium hydroxide that can be made from 2.00 g of barium oxide. The Mr

of Ba(OH)2 is 171.

compiled by @learntodayigcse mass of barium hydroxide = ............................. g [1]

(c) A 1.50 g sample of barium hydroxide was dissolved in water. The total volume of the solution

was 100 cm3.

A 25.0 cm3 portion of the barium hydroxide solution was titrated against hydrochloric acid. The

volume of hydrochloric acid required was 18.75 cm3.

Ba(OH)2 + 2HCl BaCl 2 + 2H2O

(i) Calculate how many moles of barium hydroxide were in the 25.0 cm3 portion used in the

titration.

moles of barium hydroxide = ............................. mol [1]

(ii) Calculate the concentration of the hydrochloric acid used.


concentration of hydrochloric acid = ............................. mol / dm3 [2]

[Total: 7]

© UCLES 2017 0620/42/F/M/17 [Turn over

 10

5 (a) The elements in Group VII are known as the halogens. Some halogens react with aqueous

solutions of halides.

(i) Complete the table by adding a  to indicate when a reaction occurs and a  to indicate

when no reaction occurs.

aqueous aqueous aqueous

potassium chloride potassium bromide potassium iodide
chlorine  
bromine 
iodine 
[3]

(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between chlorine and aqueous potassium bromide.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]
.
(b) A sample of vanadium chloride was weighed and dissolved in water. An excess of aqueous

silver nitrate, acidified with dilute nitric acid, was added. A precipitate of silver chloride was
formed. The ionic equation for this reaction is shown.

Ag+(aq) + Cl –(aq) AgCl (s)

The mass of silver chloride formed was 2.87 g.


compiled by @learntodayigcse
(i) State the colour of the precipitate of silver chloride.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]
.
(ii) The relative formula mass of silver chloride, AgCl, is 143.5.

Calculate the number of moles in 2.87 g of AgCl.

moles of AgCl = .............................. mol [1]

(iii) Use your answer to (b)(ii) and the ionic equation to deduce the number of moles of chloride

ions, Cl –, that produced 2.87 g of AgCl.

moles of Cl – = .............................. mol [1]

(iv) The amount of vanadium chloride in the sample was 0.01 moles.

Use this and your answer to (b)(iii) to deduce the whole number ratio of moles of

vanadium chloride : moles of chloride ions.
Deduce the formula of vanadium chloride.

moles of vanadium chloride : moles of chloride ions ................... : ...................

formula of vanadium chloride .............................................................................................

.
[2]

© UCLES 2017 0620/42/M/J/17

 9

5 Titanium is extracted from an ore called rutile. Rutile is an impure form of titanium(IV) oxide, TiO2.

(a) Rutile is mixed with coke and heated in a furnace through which chlorine gas is passed. The

product is gaseous titanium(IV) chloride, TiCl 4.

TiO2(s) + 2C(s) + 2Cl 2(g) TiCl 4(g) + 2CO(g)

The gaseous titanium(IV) chloride produced is condensed into the liquid state. The

titanium(IV) chloride is then separated from liquid impurities.

(i) Suggest the name of the process by which liquid titanium(IV) chloride could be separated

from the liquid impurities.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]
.
(ii) Carbon monoxide, CO(g), is also produced in the reaction.

Why should carbon monoxide not be released into the atmosphere?

....................................................................................................................................... [1]
.
(b) Calculate the volume of chlorine gas, Cl 2(g), at room temperature and pressure, that reacts

completely with 400 g of TiO2(s) using the following steps.

TiO2(s) + 2Cl 2(g) + 2C(s) TiCl 4(g) + 2CO(g)

compiled by @learntodayigcse
● Calculate the relative formula mass, Mr, of TiO2.
●

Mr of TiO2 = ..............................

● Calculate the number of moles in 400 g of TiO2.
●

.............................. mol

● Determine the number of moles of Cl 2 that react with 400 g of TiO2.
●

moles of Cl 2 = .............................. mol

● Calculate the volume of Cl 2 that reacts with 400 g of TiO2.
●

volume of Cl 2 = .............................. dm3

[4]

© UCLES 2019 0620/42/F/M/19 [Turn over
 5

(c) Silver chloride can be made by reacting aqueous sodium chloride with aqueous silver nitrate.

The other product of the reaction is sodium nitrate. The chemical equation for the reaction is
shown.

NaCl (aq) + AgNO3(aq) AgCl (s) + NaNO3(aq)

A student attempted to make the maximum amount of sodium nitrate crystals. The process

involved three steps.

step 1 The student added aqueous sodium chloride to aqueous silver nitrate and stirred.

Neither reagent was in excess.

step 2 The student filtered the mixture. The student then washed the residue and added

the washings to the filtrate.

step 3 The student obtained sodium nitrate crystals from the filtrate.

(i) Describe what the student observed in step 1.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]
.
(ii) Why was the residue washed in step 2?

.............................................................................................................................................
.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
.
(iii) Give the names of the two processes which occurred in step 3.

compiled by @learntodayigcse

1 ..........................................................................................................................................
.
2 ..........................................................................................................................................
.
[2]

(iv) The student started with 20 cm3 of 0.20 mol / dm3 NaCl (aq).

● Determine the amount of NaCl (aq) used.
●

amount of NaCl (aq) used = .............................. mol

The yield of NaNO3 crystals was 90%.

● Calculate the mass of NaNO3 crystals made.
●

mass of NaNO3 crystals = .............................. g

[4]

(v) Write a chemical equation for the action of heat on sodium nitrate crystals.

....................................................................................................................................... [2]
.
[Total: 21]

© UCLES 2018 0620/42/F/M/18 [Turn over

 8

5 Copper(II) sulfate crystals, CuSO4.5H2O, are hydrated.


Copper(II) sulfate crystals are made by reacting copper(II) carbonate with dilute sulfuric acid.

The equation for the overall process is shown.

CuCO3 + H2SO4 + 4H2O CuSO4.5H2O + CO2

step 1 Powdered solid copper(II) carbonate is added to 50.0 cm3 of 0.05 mol / dm3 sulfuric acid

until the copper(II) carbonate is in excess.

step 2 The excess of copper(II) carbonate is separated from the aqueous copper(II) sulfate.

step 3 The aqueous copper(II) sulfate is heated until the solution is saturated.

step 4 The solution is allowed to cool and crystallise.

step 5 The crystals are removed and dried.

(a) Calculate the maximum mass of the copper(II) sulfate crystals, CuSO4.5H2O, that can form

using the following steps.

● Calculate the number of moles of H2SO4 in 50.0 cm3 of 0.05 mol / dm3 H2SO4.
●

compiled by @learntodayigcse .............................. mol

● Determine the number of moles of CuSO4.5H2O that can form.
●

.............................. mol

● The Mr of CuSO4.5H2O is 250.
●

Calculate the maximum mass of CuSO4.5H2O that can form.

.............................. g

[3]

© UCLES 2019 0620/42/M/J/19
 8

(d) In terms of particles, explain what happens to the rate of this reaction when the temperature is

increased.

....................................................................................................................................................
.
....................................................................................................................................................
.
....................................................................................................................................................
.
....................................................................................................................................................
.
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
.
(e) The equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is shown.

2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)

25.0 cm3 of aqueous hydrogen peroxide forms 48.0 cm3 of oxygen at room temperature and

pressure (r.t.p.).

Calculate the concentration of aqueous hydrogen peroxide at the start of the experiment using

the following steps.

● Calculate the number of moles of oxygen formed.

●

compiled by @learntodayigcse .............................. mol

● Deduce the number of moles of hydrogen peroxide that decomposed.
●

.............................. mol

● Calculate the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in mol / dm3.
●

.............................. mol / dm3

[3]

(f) Oxygen can also be produced by the decomposition of potassium chlorate(V), KCl O3.

The only products of this decomposition are potassium chloride and oxygen.

Write a chemical equation for this decomposition.

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
.
[Total: 16]

© UCLES 2020 0620/42/M/J/20
 11

(b) (i) 5.95 g of cobalt(II) carbonate were added to 40 cm3 of hydrochloric acid, concentration
2.0 mol / dm3.

Calculate the maximum yield of cobalt(II) chloride-6-water and show that the cobalt(II)
carbonate was in excess.

CoCO3 + 2HCl → CoCl2 + CO2 + H2O

CoCl2 + 6H2O → CoCl2.6H2O

maximum yield:

number of moles of HCl used = ««««««««««««««««««...«..««.

number of moles of CoCl2 formed = «««««««««««««««««..«.««

number of moles of CoCl2.6H2O formed = «««««««««««««««..«..«

mass of one mole of CoCl2.6H2O = 238 g

maximum yield of CoCl2.6H2O = «««««««««««««««««««..«..« g

to show that cobalt(II) carbonate is in excess:

number of moles of HCl used = «««««««««.««« (use your value from above)

mass of one mole of CoCO3 = 119 g

compiled by @learntodayigcse
number of moles of CoCO3 in 5.95 g of cobalt(II) carbonate = «««««««««« [5]

(ii) Explain how these calculations show that cobalt(II) carbonate is in excess.

[1]

[Total: 10]

© UCLES 2017 0620/04/SP/20 [Turn over

 8

(c) In a titration, a student added 25.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol / dm3 aqueous sodium hydroxide to a
conical flask. The student then added a few drops of methyl orange to the solution in the
conical flask.

Dilute sulfuric acid is then added from a burette to the conical flask. The volume of dilute

sulfuric acid needed to neutralise the aqueous sodium hydroxide was 20.0 cm3.

The reaction is shown by the equation.

2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

(i) State the colour of methyl orange in aqueous sodium hydroxide.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]
.
(ii) Determine the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid in g / dm3 using the following steps.

• Calculate the number of moles of aqueous sodium hydroxide added to the
conical flask.

......................................................... mol
.
• Calculate the number of moles of dilute sulfuric acid added from the burette.

compiled by @learntodayigcse
......................................................... mol
.
• Calculate the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid in mol / dm3.

................................................ mol / dm3

.
• Calculate the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid in g / dm3.

.................................................... g / dm3
.
[4]

[Total: 14]

© UCLES 2020 0620/04/SP/23
 8

4 Ammonia is an important chemical.


(a) Ammonia is a base.

(i) In chemistry, what is meant by the term base?

.............................................................................................................................................
.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
.
(ii) Write a word equation to show ammonia behaving as a base.

.............................................................................................................................................
.
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
.
(b) Ammonia reacts with chlorine. The chemical equation is shown.

2NH3(g) + 3Cl 2(g) N2(g) + 6HCl (g)

(i) Calculate the volume of chlorine, measured at room temperature and pressure, needed to

react completely with 0.68 g of ammonia.

compiled by @learntodayigcse

volume of chlorine = .............................. cm3 [3]


© UCLES 2018 0620/42/F/M/18
 12

7 (a) Alkanes and alkenes are examples of hydrocarbons.


(i) What is meant by the term hydrocarbon?

.............................................................................................................................................
.
....................................................................................................................................... [1]
.
(ii) Give the general formula of straight-chain

alkanes, ..............................................................................................................................
.
alkenes. ..............................................................................................................................
.
[2]

(b) A compound X contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only.


X contains 54.54% of carbon by mass, 9.09% of hydrogen by mass and 36.37% of oxygen by

mass.

(i) Calculate the empirical formula of compound X.


compiled by @learntodayigcse
[2]

(ii) Compound X has a relative molecular mass of 88.


Deduce the molecular formula of compound X.

[2]

© UCLES 2016 0620/42/F/M/16

 9

(e) Iodine forms an oxide which has the composition by mass: I, 76.0%; O, 24.0%.

(i) 
Use this information to determine the empirical formula of this oxide of iodine.

empirical formula ................................. [3]

(ii) The oxide of iodine in (e)(i) dissolves in water.


Predict and explain the effect of adding Universal Indicator to an aqueous solution of this

oxide of iodine.

effect on Universal Indicator ...............................................................................................

.
explanation .........................................................................................................................
.
[2]

[Total: 21]

compiled by @learntodayigcse

© UCLES 2016 0620/42/O/N/16 [Turn over

 7

(c) Forsterite is another rock which contains a magnesium compound.


A sample of forsterite has the following composition by mass: Mg, 2.73 g; Si, 1.58 g; O, 3.60 g.

Calculate the empirical formula of forsterite.

empirical formula = .............................. [2]

[Total: 12]

compiled by @learntodayigcse

© UCLES 2018 0620/42/F/M/18 [Turn over