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Formulas For Exam

The document provides formulas and definitions for key wireless communication and signal propagation concepts including path loss models, outage probability, power delay profiles, Doppler shift, coherence time and bandwidth, level crossing rate, and fade duration.

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dumpingstuff83
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9 views3 pages

Formulas For Exam

The document provides formulas and definitions for key wireless communication and signal propagation concepts including path loss models, outage probability, power delay profiles, Doppler shift, coherence time and bandwidth, level crossing rate, and fade duration.

Uploaded by

dumpingstuff83
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exam Formula Sheet

 The ratio of received signal power to transmitted signal power in free space:

𝑃𝑟 λ 2
= 𝐺𝑡 𝐺𝑟 ( )
𝑃𝑡 4𝜋𝑑

• Free space path loss in dB:

𝑃𝑡 λ 2
𝑃𝐿dB = 10log10 ( ) = −10log10 (𝐺𝑡 𝐺𝑟 ( ) )
𝑃𝑟 4𝜋𝑑

 Log-distance path loss model:


𝑑
̅̅̅̅dB (𝑑) = 𝑃𝐿
𝑃𝐿 ̅̅̅̅dB (𝑑0 ) + 10𝑛log10 ( )
𝑑0

 Combined path loss and shadowing (lognormal shadowing model):


𝑑
𝑃𝐿𝑑𝐵 (𝑑) = 𝑃𝐿̅̅̅̅dB (𝑑0 ) + 10𝑛log10 ( ) + 𝑆𝑑𝐵
𝑑0
𝑃𝑟 (𝑑)𝑑𝐵𝑚 = 𝑃𝑡 𝑑𝐵𝑚 − 𝑃𝐿𝑑𝐵 (𝑑) = 𝑃̅𝑟 (𝑑)𝑑𝐵𝑚 − 𝑆𝑑𝐵

̅̅̅̅𝑑𝐵 (𝑑0 ) − 10𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑔10 ( 𝑑 )


𝑃̅𝑟 (𝑑)𝑑𝐵𝑚 = 𝑃𝑡 𝑑𝐵𝑚 − 𝑃𝐿 𝑑0

𝑃𝐿𝑑𝐵 (𝑑): Path loss at distance 𝑑.

𝑃𝑡 𝑑𝐵𝑚 : Transmitted power.

𝑃𝑟 (𝑑)𝑑𝐵𝑚 : Received power at distance 𝑑.

𝑃̅𝑟 (𝑑)𝑑𝐵𝑚 : Average received power at distance 𝑑.

𝑆dB = 10log10 (𝑆), 𝑆 is a lognormal random variable


 Outage probability:
𝑃out (𝑑) = 𝑃(𝑃𝑟 (𝑑) < 𝑃min ) = 𝑃(𝑆dB > 𝑃̅𝑟 (𝑑) − 𝑃min )

̅̅̅
𝑃𝑟 (𝑑)−𝑃min ̅̅̅
𝑃min −𝑃 𝑟 (𝑑)
= 𝑄( )= 1−𝑄( )
𝜎𝑆dB 𝜎𝑆dB

 Power delay profile:


𝑃𝑑 (𝜏) = 𝐸[|𝛼𝑙 |2 ]𝛿(𝜏 − 𝜏𝑙 )
• Mean delay:
∑𝐿𝑙=1 𝜏𝑙 𝑃𝑑 (𝜏𝑙 )
𝜏̅ =
∑𝐿𝑙=1 𝑃𝑑 (𝜏𝑙 )
• RMS delay spread:

𝜎𝜏 = √̅̅̅
𝜏 2 − 𝜏̅ 2
∑𝐿𝑙=1 𝜏𝑙2 𝑃𝑑 (𝜏𝑙 )
where ̅̅̅
𝜏2 = ∑𝐿𝑙=1 𝑃𝑑 (𝜏𝑙 )
.

• Maximum excess delay:

𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜏𝐿 − 𝜏1

 50 % channel coherence bandwidth:


1
𝐵𝑐 =
5𝜎𝜏

 90 % channel coherence bandwidth:


1
𝐵𝑐 =
50𝜎𝜏

 Doppler shift:

𝜗 cos 𝜃
𝑓𝑑 = 𝑓𝑐
𝑐
𝜗: speed
𝑓𝑐 : carrier frequency
𝑐: speed of light (3 × 108 m/s)

 Maximum Doppler shift:


𝜗
𝑓𝑑𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑓
𝑐 𝑐
 Channel coherence time:
9
𝑇𝑐 ≈
16𝜋𝑓𝑑𝑚𝑎𝑥

 Level crossing rate (under Rayleigh fading):


2
LCR = √2𝜋𝑓𝑑𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝜌𝑒 −𝜌 (crossings/sec)

where 𝜌 is the threshold level normalized to the root mean square (RMS) signal level.

 Average fade duration (under Rayleigh fading):


2
𝑒 𝜌 −1
AFD = 𝜌𝑓
𝑑𝑚𝑎𝑥 √2𝜋

𝑃dBm = 10log10 (𝑃mW )


𝑃mW = 10(𝑃dBm/10)

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