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1. cd — Change directory

2. ls — List directory contents

3. pwd — Print working directory

4. cat — Concatenate and display files

5. touch — Create an empty file

6. cp — Copy files and directories

7. mv — Move or rename files and directories

8. rm — Remove files and directories

9. mkdir — Create a new directory

10. rmdir — Remove an empty directory

11. cut — Cut out sections of a file

12. gzip — Compress or decompress files using gzip

13. gunzip — Decompress files compressed with gzip

14. find — Find files and directories matching a pattern

15. grep — Search for a pattern in a file

16. awk — Pattern scanning and processing language

17. sed — Stream editor for filtering and transforming text

18. head — Display the first few lines of a file

19. tail — Display the last few lines of a file

20. sort — Sort lines of a file

21. uniq — Remove duplicate lines from a file

22. wc — Count lines, words, and characters in a file

23. diff — Compare two files line by line

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24. patch — Apply a patch to a file

25. chmod — Change permissions of files and directories

26. chown — Change the owner of a file or directory

27. chgrp — Change the group ownership of a file or directory

28. ps — List running processes

29. top — Display system resource usage and process information

30. kill — Send a signal to a process to terminate it

31. du — Display disk usage of files and directories

32. df — Display free disk space on the file system

33. mount — Mount a file system

34. umount — Unmount a file system

35. ping — Test connectivity to a network host

36. ssh — Secure shell remote login and command execution

37. scp — Secure copy files between hosts

38. rsync — Remote file and directory synchronization

39. curl — Transfer data from or to a server using various protocols

40. wget — Retrieve files from the web using various protocols

41. ftp — File Transfer Protocol client

42. sftp — Secure File Transfer Protocol client

43. telnet — Telnet client

44. nslookup — DNS lookup utility

45. dig — DNS lookup utility

46. netstat — Display network connections and statistics

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47. ifconfig — Configure network interfaces

48. route — Display or modify the routing table

49. iptables — Firewall and packet filtering utility

50. hostname — Display or set the hostname of the system

51. date — Display or set the system date and time

52. timedatectl — Control the system date and time

53. uname — Display system information

54. whoami — Display the current user ID

55. id — Display user and group information

56. su — Switch user to become another user

57. sudo — Execute a command with superuser privileges

58. passwd — Change the password of a user account

59. useradd — Create a new user account

60. userdel — Delete a user account

61. usermod — Modify a user account

62. groupadd — Create a new group

63. groupdel — Delete a group

64. groupmod — Modify a group

65. finger — Display information about users on the system

66. last — Display information about recent logins

67. history — Display command history

68. echo — Print a message to the terminal

69. printf — Format and print data

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70. lshw — Displays hardware information

71. lspci — Displays information about PCI buses and devices.

72. lsusb — Displays information about USB buses and devices.

73. hwinfo — Displays detailed hardware information.

74. free — Displays memory usage.

75. vmstat — Displays system memory, processor, and I/O statistics.

76. iostat — Displays CPU and disk I/O statistics.

77. uptime — Displays system uptime and load averages.

78. journalctl — Displays the system journal.

79. dmesg — Displays the kernel ring buffer.

80. crontab — Schedules recurring tasks.

81. at — Schedules a one-time task.

82. service — Manages system services.

83. systemctl — Controls system services in systemd-based distributions.

84. traceroute — Traces the network path to a remote host.

85. bzip2 — Compresses files using the bzip2 algorithm.

86. unzip — Extracts files from a ZIP archive.

87. tee — Redirect output to multiple files

88. chroot — Change the root directory for a process

89. ps aux — Display information about all running processes

90. less — Display file contents in a paginated format

91. more — Display file contents one page at a time

92. ln — Create links between files

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93. realpath — Print the resolved absolute path of a file

94. watch — Execute a command periodically and display the output

95. cal — Display a calendar

96. tar -xzvf — Extract files from a compressed archive

97. tar -czvf — Create a compressed archive

98. whereis — Locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command

99. locate — Find files by name

100. which — Display the full path to an executable

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