7/28/2021 Module 6: Quiz - Chapter 14: PSY 290: Research Methods (2020 Fall - B)

Module 6: Quiz - Chapter 14

Due Nov 29, 2020 at 11:59pm Points 30
Questions 30 Available until Nov 29, 2020 at 11:59pm
Time Limit 60 Minutes

Instructions
This quiz is open-book/open-note and contains 30 questions, each of which is
worth 1 point for a total of 30 points. The quiz questions are in multiple choice
and/or true/false formats and you have only one chance and 60 minutes to
complete the quiz. After you have completed all of the readings for this module,
complete this quiz to test your understanding of the topics.

IMPORTANT!

Please make sure that you are not using any other programs while taking the
exam as it may interfere with your connection and cause you to be locked out of
the quiz. As a condition of academic integrity, you may not print the test screen,
copy test questions, or share your responses with anyone else.

Assessment Instructions:

This assessment has 30 questions worth 1 points each for a total of 30 points.

Once you open this assessment, you must finish it in one sitting. If you exit the
quiz, the timer WILL NOT stop. Click on Save Answers periodically while you
are working on the assessment to save your answers. Also, the quiz must be
submitted by the due date and time. For example, if you begin the quiz at
11:50 and submit at 12:20, you will not receive credit at all. No late submissions
are accepted. Ensure you give yourself enough time to submit by the 11:59pm
deadline. When you are finished, click on Save Answers and then on Submit
for Grade.

You have 60 minutes to complete this assignment.

This quiz was locked Nov 29, 2020 at 11:59pm.

Attempt History
Attempt Time Score

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Attempt Time Score

LATEST Attempt 1 39 minutes 30 out of 30

Score for this quiz: 30 out of 30

Submitted Nov 29, 2020 at 9:41am
This attempt took 39 minutes.

Question 1 1 / 1 pts

In studies that require human participants, the most available population

tends to consist of

children.

Correct! college students.

older people.

psychiatric patients.

Question 2 1 / 1 pts

Which of the following is true of the Solomon four-group design?

In this design, mortality effects are assessed in the posttest conditions.

The design allows a researcher to examine whether there is an interaction

between an independent variable and a posttest.

The design is used in situations in which a pretest is undesirable.

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Correct!
In this design, half the participants are given a pretest and the other half
receive a posttest only.

Question 3 1 / 1 pts

According to Peterson (2001), which of the following statements is true of

using students as research participants?

They are less in need of approval than nonvolunteers.

As a group they have formed stable political attitudes.

Correct!
As a group they are more homogeneous than nonstudent samples.

They have a well-established sense of self-identity.

Question 4 1 / 1 pts

The use of only college students, volunteers, or participants from one

locale ________ the ________ validity of a study.

enhances; internal

weakens; internal

enhances; external

Correct!
weakens; external

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Question 5 1 / 1 pts

Which of the following statements is true of narrative literature reviews?

In this type of review, the researcher combines the actual results of a

number of studies.

Correct!
In this type of review, the conclusions are based on the subjective
impressions of the reviewer.

They can lead to clear conclusions by focusing on effect size.

They allow statistical, quantitative conclusions.

Question 6 1 / 1 pts

Failures to replicate findings share the same problems as

Correct!
nonsignificant results.

Type II errors.

Type I errors.

actual findings.

Question 7 1 / 1 pts

Which of the following statements is true regarding pretests?

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One drawback of a pretest is that it fails to provide a researcher with an

assessment of the attrition effects.

A pretest acts as a hindrance when determining whether the people who

withdrew are different from those who completed the study.

Correct!
Pretesting may limit the ability to generalize to populations that did not
receive a pretest.

It is often a misconception that simply taking a pretest may cause subjects

to behave differently than they would without the pretest.

Question 8 1 / 1 pts

Which of the following statements is true regarding narrative literature

reviews and meta-analyses?

Without conducting a meta-analysis, a background in meta-analysis alone

is not beneficial when reviewing research findings.

Correct!
Both narrative literature reviews and meta-analyses provide valuable
information and in fact are often complementary.

A narrative literature review allows statistical, quantitative conclusions,

whereas a meta-analysis provides directions for future study.

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Unlike a traditional literature review, a meta-analysis begins with a body of

previous research on a topic.

Question 9 1 / 1 pts

Identify the type of replication that plays the most important part in
furthering our understanding of behavior.

constructive replication

procedural replication

exact replication

Correct!
conceptual replication

Question 10 1 / 1 pts

Dr. Paul found that college students between the ages of 18 and 23
performed better on a cognitive task in a low-noise condition than in a
high-noise condition. Dr. Ben wants to repeat Dr. Paul's study by adding
age as a variable, using the 18–23 and 65–74 age groups. He predicts an
interaction between the age and noise variables. In this scenario, Dr. Ben
is questioning the ________validity of the original study.

interactional

Correct!
external

internal

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statistical

Question 11 1 / 1 pts

In ________ replications, researchers attempt to understand the

relationships among abstract ________ variables by using new, or
different, operational definitions of those variables.

exact; conceptual

procedural; strategic

Correct! conceptual; conceptual

strategic; strategic

Question 12 1 / 1 pts

Which of the following is likely to improve the external validity of a

research study?

employing only one type of experimenter

Correct! including groups from various cultures

being sure that all participants have the same ethnic background

using only first-year students and sophomores as participants

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Question 13 1 / 1 pts

Research on the results of laboratory and field experiments that examine

the same variables suggests that

independent variables in field experiments must be manipulated differently

from laboratory experiments.

these experiments must be conducted in similar settings for the results to

be complementary.

the impact of the independent variable on the dependent variable is

marked by dissimilarity.

Correct!
the effect size of the independent variable on the dependent variable is
very similar.

Question 14 1 / 1 pts

A ________ identifies trends in the literature, whereas a(n) ________

allows statistical, quantitative conclusions about the research.

conceptual replication; narrative literature review

meta-analysis; exact replication

meta-analysis; conceptual replication

Correct! narrative literature review; meta-analysis

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Question 15 1 / 1 pts

A failure to replicate could mean that the

research findings are generalizable.

Correct! original results are invalid.

experimenter is unbiased.

replication attempt is flawless.

Question 16 1 / 1 pts

Which of the following statements about research conducted with

nonhuman animals is true?

The studies conducted on nonhumans are not of much value because the
research does not apply to human biological or behavioral patterns.

More than 50% of psychological research is conducted with nonhuman

animals.

Correct!
The applications of research conducted with nonhuman animals include
sexual behavior, choice behavior, and drug addictions.

Most research with other species is not focused on gathering information

that may help with the survival of endangered species.

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Question 17 1 / 1 pts

Which of the following is one of the most important reasons a meta-

analysis can lead to clear conclusions?

It points out inconsistent findings and areas in which existing research is

lacking.

Correct! It focuses on effect size.

It provides information pertaining to strongly supported findings in

literature.

It identifies trends in literature.

Question 18 1 / 1 pts

A consumer research firm is hired to determine which brand of laundry

soap is most preferred by consumers. After surveying a sample of
housewives, they find that the most preferred brand is White Suds. Which
of the following is the greatest threat to the external validity in this study?

consumers' lack of interest in laundry products

including both males and females in research investigations

the absence of differences in laundry soaps between different

manufacturers

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Correct! the stereotypical assumption that only women do laundry

Question 19 1 / 1 pts

A researcher replicates a past study that manipulates the physical

attractiveness of a defendant by using photographs instead of written
descriptions. This technique is an example of a(n) ________ replication.

exact

Correct! conceptual

abstract

procedural

Question 20 1 / 1 pts

Compared with the general population, college students tend to have

a well-developed sense of self-identity.

Correct! unstable peer relationships.

low cognitive skills.

a low need for peer approval.

Question 21 1 / 1 pts

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What are the two types of replications?

conceptual and strategic replications

procedural and exact replications

Correct!
exact and conceptual replications

strategic and procedural replications

Question 22 1 / 1 pts

Which of the following is a similarity between literature reviews and meta-

analyses?

Both are able to provide the same level of general conclusion.

Correct!
Both begin with a body of previous research on a topic.

Both allow statistical, quantitative conclusions.

Both primarily focus on the internal validity of a research.

Question 23 1 / 1 pts

Which of the following is true of conceptual replications?

They occur when a researcher builds on the findings of a prior study.

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They are not important in the social sciences because the variables used
cannot be operationalized in different ways.

They are an attempt to precisely replicate the procedures of a study to see

whether the same results are obtained.

Correct!
They are more important than exact replications in furthering one's
understanding of behavior.

Question 24 1 / 1 pts

Which of the following statements reflects the findings of the study

conducted by Bushman and Wells (2001) on narrative reviews and meta-
analyses?

The conclusions in meta-analyses and literature reviews are based on the

objective impressions of the reviewer.

Correct!
Knowledge of meta-analysis can improve how one interprets information
for literature reviews.

By organizing and evaluating previously published material, authors of

literature reviews consider the progress of research toward clarifying a
problem.

In a meta-analysis, it is difficult to provide the type of general conclusion

that can be reached with a traditional literature review.

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Question 25 1 / 1 pts

To examine the effects of drug therapy on depression, Mark found 45

studies in which adults diagnosed with depression and undergoing a drug
therapy were examined. Studies that included other additional treatments
were excluded. He then performed a statistical analysis of the results of
these 45 studies and concluded that drug therapy was effective in treating
depression. In this scenario, Mark has most likely conducted a

Correct!
meta-analysis.

causal analysis.

literature review.

statistical review.

Question 26 1 / 1 pts

Identify the risk associated with a pretest.

Correct!
It tends to cause subjects to behave differently than they would without the
pretest.

It does not accurately depict whether the people who withdrew were any
different from those who completed the study.

It does not necessarily enable a researcher to assess mortality effects.

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It fails to provide accurate scores, although intuitively pretesting seems like

a good idea.

Question 27 1 / 1 pts

Which of the following is a researcher LEAST likely to do when conducting

a literature review?

indicate what findings are both strongly and weakly supported in the
literature

Correct!
make conclusions based on subjective impressions

indicate inconsistencies and areas in which research is lacking

discuss future directions for research

Question 28 1 / 1 pts

When the results of a study can be generalized to other subject

populations, the study is said to have ________ validity.

internal

construct

statistical

Correct!
external

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Question 29 1 / 1 pts

What is most likely to be true of a study conducted on a group of males to

analyze the effects of room temperature on their task performance?

Task performance is a confounding variable in the study.

Temperature does not affect men's task performance.

The study has high external validity.

Correct!
The findings of the study cannot be generalized to females.

Question 30 1 / 1 pts

A meta-analysis consists of a set of statistical procedures that employ

________ to compare a given finding across many different studies.

statistical interactions

exact replications

Correct!
effect sizes

conceptual replications

Quiz Score: 30 out of 30

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