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Strings

The document discusses strings in C and functions for manipulating strings. It describes common string operations and library functions like strcpy, strcat, strcmp for copying, appending, comparing strings. It also talks about arrays of strings and passing strings to functions.

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27 views3 pages

Strings

The document discusses strings in C and functions for manipulating strings. It describes common string operations and library functions like strcpy, strcat, strcmp for copying, appending, comparing strings. It also talks about arrays of strings and passing strings to functions.

Uploaded by

pooja0letscrackit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Strings in data structures

 Nowadays, computers are widely used for word processing applications


such as creating, inserting, updating, and modifying textual data. Besides
this, we need to search for a particular pattern within a text, delete it, or
replace it with another pattern. So, there is a lot that we as users do to
manipulate the textual data.
 Strings in C are stored as null character, '', terminated character arrays.
 This means that the length of a string is the number of characters it
contains one more to store the null character.
 Common string operations include finding lengths, copying, searching,
replacing and counting the occurrences of specific characters and worlds.

Library Functions for String Manipulation

1. strcpy : strcpy copies a string, including the null character terminator from
the source string to the destination. This function returns a pointer to the
destination string. Its prototype is :

char *strcpy(char *dst, const char *src) ;

2. strncpy : strncpy is similar to strcpy, but it allows the number of characters


to be copied to be specified.

char *strncpy(char *dst, const char *src, size_t len) ;

3. strcat : This function appends a source string to the end of a destination


string. This function returns a pointer to the destination string, or NULL
pointer on error. Its prototype is :

char *strcat(char *dst, const char *src) ;


4. strncat : This function appends at most N characters from the source string
to the end of the destination string. This function returns a pointer to the
destination string, or a NULL pointer on error. Its prototype is :

char *strncat(char *dst, const char *src, size_t N) ;

5. strcmp : Two strings are compred with this function. If the first string is
greater than the second, it returns a number greater than zero. If the
second string is greater, it returns a number less than zero. If the strings are
equal, it returns 0. Its prototype is :

int strcmp(const char *first, const char *second) ;

6. strncmp : This function compares the first N characters of each string. If the
first string is greater than the second, it returns a number greater than
zero. If the second string is greater, it returns a number less than zero. If
the strings are equal, it returns 0. Its prototype is :

int strncmp(const char *first, const char *second, size_T N) ;

7. strlen : This function returns the length of a string, not counting the null
character at the end. That is, it returns the character count of the string,
without the terminator. Its prototype is :

size_t strlen(const char *str) ;

8. memset : memset is useful to initialize a string to all nulls, or to any


character.

void *memset(const void *dst, int c, site_t N) ;

Arrays of Strings
An array of strings is just a two dimensional array of characters. Consider this :

char names[7][6] ={ "Abc", "Tom", "Chad", "Hello", "Xyz", "SSD", "TTT"} ;

Passing Strings to Functions

 It is often best to treat an array as an abstract data type with a set of


allowed operations on the array which are performed by funtional
modules.
 Let us return to our exam score example to read and store scores in array
and then print them, except that we now wish to use functions to read and
print the array.
 Read an array and print a list of scores using functional modules.

n = read_intarray(exam_scores, MAX) ;
print_intarray(exam_scores, n) ;

The algorithm is very similar to our previous task, except that the details of
reading and printing the array is hidden by functions. The function,
read_intarray( ), reads scores and stores them, returning the number of scores
read. The function, print_intarray( ), prints the contents of the array. The refined
algorithm for main( ) can be written as : print title, etc.

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